Class#5

- Interconnections of LTI systems-Examples (2.6)

- Relations between LTI system properties and the impulse response (2.7)

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 1

Chengbin Ma

Review of Previous Lecture (1)

Convolution Sum

Convolution Integral

Convolution is used to represent

multiple impacts of the current/past
or future input signals (Memory).
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Slide 2

Chengbin Ma

Review of Previous Lecture (2)

Convolution integral:

y(t ) x( )h(t )d

Evaluation: reflect and shift (representation of

memory of a system)
Why impulse response?
(discuss in frequency domain)
Magnitude

frequency
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Slide 3

Chengbin Ma

Review of Previous Lecture (3)

Why reflect and shift the impulse response?
Impulse response
Future

Past

Present
0

Input signal
Past

Present

Future

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 4

Chengbin Ma

Review of Previous Lecture (4)

Interconnections of LTI systems:
Distributive property

Associative property

Commutative property

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Slide 5

Chengbin Ma

This Class
Interconnections of Linear-Time-Invariant
Systems:
Review of the properties
Examples

Relations between LTI system properties and

the impulse response

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 6

Chengbin Ma

Class#5
- Interconnections of LTI systems-Examples (2.6)
- Relations between LTI system properties and the impulse response (2.7)

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 7

Chengbin Ma

Interconnections of LTI Systems

Distributive:

x(t ) * h1 (t ) x(t ) * h2 (t ) x(t ) *{h1 (t ) h2 (t )}

x[ n]* h1[ n] x[ n]* h2[ n] x[ n]*{h1[ n] h2 [n]}

Associative:

{x(t ) * h1 (t )}* h2 (t ) x(t ) *{h1 (t ) * h2 (t )}

{x[n]* h1[n]}* h2 [n] x[n]*{h1[n]* h2 [n]}

Communitative: h1 (t ) * h2 (t ) h2 (t ) * h1 (t )
h1[ n]* h2[ n] h2[ n]* h1[ n]

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 8

Chengbin Ma

Example 2.11, Page 130

h1[n] u[n], h2 [n] u[n 2] u[n],

h3 [n] [n 2], h4 [n] nu[n]
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Slide 9

Chengbin Ma

Another Example

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Slide 10

Chengbin Ma

Class#5
- Interconnections of LTI systems-Examples (2.6)
- Relations between LTI system properties and the impulse response (2.7)

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 11

Chengbin Ma

Impulse Response and Properties

The input-output behavior (i.e., dynamics) of a
LTI system is completely characterized by its
impulse response.
The system properties, such as memory,
causality, and stability, are related to the
systems impulse response.

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 12

Chengbin Ma

Memory
Memoryless LTI systems: For the system to be
memoryless, y[n] must depend only on x[n]
(For memoryless LTI systems, we dont need
convolution!)
dconvdemo.m

y[n] x[n]* h[n] h[n]* x[n]

h[k ]x[n k ]

h[1]x[n 1] h[0]x[n] h[1]x[n 1]

memoryless

c, n 0
cx[n] h[n]
h[n] c [n]
0, n 0

#Note: for continuous-time system, h(t ) c (t )

All memoryless LTI systems simply perform scalar multiplication on the input signal.

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 13

Chengbin Ma

Causal LTI Systems

For the system to be causal, y[n] must depends
only on x[n], x[n-1], x[n-2],
y[n] x[n] * h[n] h[n] * x[n]

h[k ]x[n k ]

past input

future input

h[1]x[n 1] h[0]x[n] h[1]x[n 1]

causal

h[0]x[n] h[1]x[n 1] h[n] 0 for n 0

Requiring the impulse response to be zero for negative time is equivalent to saying that
the system cannot respond with an output prior to application of the input.

#Note:
1. negative n means future (consider the operation of flip and shift)!
2. continuous-time systems: h(t ) 0 for t 0
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Slide 14

Chengbin Ma

Stable Systems
Bounded-Input-Bounded-Output system
y[n]

h[k ]x[n k ]

h[k ]x[n k ]

h[k ] M

If

Mx

h( k )

h(k ) , then

h[k ] x[n k ]

y[n]

absolutely summable

#Note:
1. continuous-time systems:

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h(t ) dt
absolutely integrable

Slide 15

Chengbin Ma

Invertible LTI systems

The impulse response hinv[n] of the inverse
system for an LTI system with impulse
response h[n] must satisfy deconvolution, i.e.,
recovering x(t) from h(t)*x(t).
Example2.13 in
Page 138

x(t ) x(t ) * h(t ) * h inv (t )

x[k ]h[n k ]

x(t ) * h(t ) * h (t )

y[n] x[n] h[n]

h(t ) * h inv (t ) (t )

x[0]h[n] x[1]h[n 1]

inv

#Note: the effect of the inverse system on noise also is an important

consideration in many problems.
UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 16

Chengbin Ma

Example 2.13, Page 138

Multipath communication channels:

y[n] x[n] ax[n 1]

Find its causal inverse system and check the
stability of the inverse system.

UM-SJTU Joint Institute

Slide 17

Chengbin Ma

Homework
Problem 2.48
Problem 2.49(b)(c)(d)(e)

Due: 2:00PM, Thursday of next week

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Slide 18

Chengbin Ma