1. CONCEPT MAP- graphical tools for organizing and representing knowledge.

They include concepts, usually enclosed in circles or boxes of some type, and
relationships between concepts indicated by a connecting line linking two
concepts.

A. PARTS OF AN
ANIMAL CELL

Nucleus. Control
Center of the cell

Cytoplasm. This is
where the organelles
are suspended.

Cell Membrane.
Contols what enters
and leaves the cell.

organell
Nuclear
Membrane.
Contols what
enters and
leaves the
nucleus.

Nucleolus.
Makes RNA

Ribosomes. Produce proteins. (protein

Mitochondria. Powerhouse of the cell
Golgi Bodies. Packages proteins
Lysosome. Breaks down materials in
Cytoskeleton. Helps organelles move
from place to place.
Centriole. Aids in Cell division
Endoplasmic Reticulum. Transport
system for materials
Vacuole. Stores waste, water and food.

Inner part of
the Small
Intestine
(Columnar)
-Absorption

Red Blood cells

(circular)
-Transport of
substances

Red Blood cells

of the Frog
(Oval)
-Transport of
substances

Urineferous
tubules of
Kidneys
(Cuboidal)
-Excretion

Egg cells
(Spherical)
Reproduction

Outer layer of
the skin
(Squamous)
-Protection
against
Mechanical
injury

Sperm cells
(Thread-like)
Reproduction

B. Types
of cell
accordin
g to
shape

White Blood
cells
(Amorphous)
-Protection
against
diseases

Smooth
Muscles
(Fusiform)
-Body
Movement

Cardiac
Muscles (NetLike)
-Body
Movement

Liver cells
(Polygonal)
-Secretion of
Bile

Nerve cells
(Stellate)
-Conduction of
Impulses

Bone Cells
(Spider-like)
-Support

Striated
Muscles
(Filamentous)
-Body
Movement

E. CELL CYCLE

dhesion molecule (JAM), occludin, and claudin. It is believed that claudin is the protein molecule responsible fo
roteins regulate membrane vesicle targeting.

Signalling Proteins involved in junctions assembly, barrier regulation, and gene transc

Proteins
ies; scafolding proteins, signalling proteins, regulation proteins, and transmembrane proteins.
ng Proteins organise the transmembrane proteins, couple transmembrane proteins to other cytoplasmic

tions share the characteristic of anchoring cells through their cytoplasmic actin flaments.
somes form rivet-like links between cytoskeleton
and extracellular
matrix components
such asthe
theplasma
basal lami
Desmosomes
can be visualized
as rivets through
me

Communicating
Junctions

Anchoring Junctions

Tight
Junctions

C. CELL JUNCTIONS

Nervous tissue

Muscle tissue

ral
tissue
forms
brainaand
spinal
cord and,
in the peripheral
nervous
Connective
the
cranial
tissue
nervesprotec
and
hence,
thisorgans.
tissuethe
provides
barrier
between
the three
external
environment
andvisceral
the system
organ
it forms
covers.
In addition
in
internal
Muscle
tissue
is separated
into
distinct
categories:
or smooth
muscle,
whichtoisthis
found in t
llular
matrix.
Connective
tissue
gives shape to organs and holds them in place. Both blood and bone are exa
surface
(epidermis)
and hallow
organs
Cardiac, Smooth and , Skeletal Muscle
Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves

Fat and other soft padding tissue, Bone and T

ete organism. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specifc fu
Animal tissues can be grouped into four basic types: connective, muscle, nervous, and epithelial

D. TYPES OF TISSUES