Energy Modeling For Leed PDF

LEED 521: Energy Modeling for LEED
Using eQUEST
Christian E. Stalberg, Principal
Natural Intelligence,
Intelligence LLC
F I L I AT
LEED 521
Information Transfer Goals

InformationTransferGoals
section one: Introduction to LEED Energy
Modeling
section two: Complying With LEED/ASHRAE
Requirements
section three: Building Energy Modeling
LEED 521
Objectives
Understand Building Energy Modeling and Its Role in
LEED
Understand ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G for EAp2 &
EAc1
Model a simple building using eQUEST software
Generate Reports from software for EAc1
Complete LEED Online EAc1 template
section
i one
Introduction to LEED
Energy
gy Modeling
g
EAp2 - Minimum Energy Performance
Option
p
1: Whole Building
g Energy
gy Simulation
&
EAc1 - Optimize Energy Performance
O ti 1:
Option
1 Wh
Whole
l B
Building
ildi E
Energy Si
Simulation
l ti
N t l IIntelligence,
Natural
t lli
LLC
United States Green Buildingg Council ((USGBC))

Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED)
Whole Building Energy Simulation

LEEDEAp2&EAc1:Option1
LEADERSHIP in ENERGY and

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
A point-based rating system that
evaluates environmental
performance from a whole
p
building perspective
USGBC com
USGBC.com
USGBC.com

LEED EAp2 & EAc1: Option 1
EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance

Intent
To establish the minimum level of energy
efficiency for the proposed building and
systems to reduce environmental
and economic impacts associated with
excessive energy use.

EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance

Intent
To achieve increasing levels of energy
performance beyond the prerequisite
standard to reduce environmental and
economic impacts associated with excessive
energy use.

ASHRAE Appendix G Performance Rating Method

ComplywithmandatoryprovisionsofASHRAE90.12007Energy
Standard
Determineenergysavingsusinganenergymodel
(UseAppendixG ofASHRAE90.12007)
AdditionalrequirementsperUGSBCReferenceGuide
Additional requirements per UGSBC Reference Guide


Setpoint / Setback
Temperatures
Wall, Window area
(Geometry)
Degree Hour
Building Envelope
Lighting
Outside Temperatures
Fresh air intake
Lighting, equipment
HVAC Systems
Service Hot Water
Wall, Window, Door

(Material Properties)
Chiller Specs
Occupancy, Schedule of
operation
Receptacle,
Receptacle
Process Loads
Exterior Lighting
ALL
L YEAR (8
8760 hou
urs)
Solar Radiation
Energy
Consumption
(kWh)
Energy Peak Loads
(kW)

PROPOSED
ARCHITECTS
& M.E.P.
SPECIFICATIONS
CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

PROPOSED
Building Envelope
ARCHITECTS
& M.E.P.
SPECIFICATIONS
Wall / Internal Partitions (UFactor)

Windows (UFactor, SHGC, Tvis, Shading Coefficient)
Roof (UFactor, Reflectance)
Floor (UFactor)
Heating, Ventilating & Air-Conditioning
Ventilation type (mechanical)

Heating & Cooling (type, schedule, energy source)
Service Water Heating
Type, Operation schedule
Other Equipment
Equipment Power Density / Receptacle Loads
Activity Schedule
Schedule - hours, days (holidays)
Lighting
Control (auto),
(auto) Lighting energy (LPD)
Operation schedule, Luminaire type, Radiant Fraction
Task / display light (gain, operation schedule)

PROPOSED
BASELINE
INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007
Appendix G
PERFORMANCE
RATING METHOD (PRM)

PROPOSED
BASELINE
MODEL
REQUIREMENTS
Baseline should be independent of its orientation
Baseline is rotated FOUR times (0d, 90d, 180d, 270d)
and average value is computed:
ENERGY (kWh)
PEAK (kW)
COST ($/yr)
0d Rotation
90d Rotation.

PROPOSED
BASELINE
BUILDING
ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS

PROPOSED
BASELINE
BUILDING
ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS - SHADING
B li should
Baseline
h ld be
b independent
i d
d t off shades
h d (techniques
(t h i
by
b which
hi h th
the b
building
ildi can b
be shaded)
h d d)
Proposed
Baseline

PROPOSED
BASELINE
HVAC REQUIREMENTS

PROPOSED
BASELINE
HVAC REQUIREMENTS
(contd.)
Zoning based
on HVAC
systems
design

PROPOSED
BASELINE
LIGHTING (INTERIOR)
(
)
REQUIREMENTS

PROPOSED
BASELINE
LIGHTING (EXTERIOR)
(
)
REQUIREMENTS

PROPOSED
BASELINE
SERVICE WATER HEATING

REQUIREMENTS

PROPOSED
BASELINE
RECEPTACLE & PROCESS

LOADS

PROPOSED
BASELINE
EAp2: Minimum
Energy Performance
Required to obtain
2 points
ENERGY COST SAVINGS ($)

MAJOR RENOVATIONS = 5%
NEW CONSTRUCTION = 10%

PROPOSED
BASELINE
EAc1: Optimize
Energy Performance
1-19 points
ENERGY COST SAVINGS ($)

MAJOR RENOVATIONS = 8-44%
NEW CONSTRUCTION = 12-48%
Whole Buildingg Energy

gy Simulation
What are the building blocks?

THEBUILDINGBLOCKS
Weather Data

THEBUILDINGBLOCKS
Building Data

THEBUILDINGBLOCKS
Systems Data

THEBUILDINGBLOCKS
Plant Data

THEBUILDINGBLOCKS
Economic Data
section
i two
Complying
p y g with
Requirements
ASHRAE 90.1-2007
A
Appendix
di G Performance
P f
Rating
R i
Method
Natural Intelligence, LLC
Complying
p y g With Requirements
q
ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Appendix G

Performance Rating Method
ComplyingWithRequirements
ASHRAE90.12007AppendixG
ASHRAE / IESNA 90.1-2007
Energy standard for buildings EXCEPT low-rise residential
Purpose
Establishes minimum requirements for energy-efficient design of
buildings, EXCEPTlow-rise residential buildings.
Does
D
NOT apply
l tto single-family
i l f il h
houses, multi-family
lti f il structures
t t
off
3 or fewer above grade, manufactured houses (mobile & modular
homes) or buildings that do not use either electricity or fossil fuel.
PerformanceRatingMethod(AppendixG)
ProvidesamethodfordemonstratingperformancebeyondASHRAE/
IESNA 90 1 2007 standards
IESNA90.12007standards.
Inallcases,themandatoryprovisionsmuststillbemet!
Complying With Requirements

What are we calculating?
Annual energy cost of BASELINE & PROPOSED building for
comparison
Proposed building should meet all Mandatory Provisions!!
In order to compare
p
((baseline vs. p
proposed),
p
),
- Use same computer simulation programs
- Use same climate data
- Use same purchased energy rates
- Use same schedules of operation (except for energy
efficiency features)
Percentage Improvement:
(Baseline rating Proposed rating)
(Baseline rating)

Wh
Whattomodel?
d l?
Major Components of ASHRAE 90.1-2007
Building
B
ildi E
Envelope
l
Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Service Water Heating
Power
Lighting
Other Equipment
Examples of Specific Inputs in the Model include
HVAC systems (fans, pumps, exhaust, etc)

Office equipment (computers, etc)
Elevators, Escalators
Process Energy (Kitchen Cooking & Refrigeration)
Laundry washing & drying (usually in Receptacles)
Lighting energy requirement (internal & external)
Process Lighting (medical equipment, etc)

Wh
Whattomodel?
d l?
Baseline & Proposed Model Compliance for
Space Use Classification
Schedule of Operation
Occupancy
Orientation
Building Envelope
Lighting Systems
HVAC Systems
Service Hot Water Systems
Energy Rates

Space Use Classification

SpaceUseClassification
ASHRAE90.1Space
U Cl ifi ti
UseClassification
Building Area Types

Automotive facility
Convention center
Courthouse
Dining: bar lounge/leisure
Dining: cafeteria/fast food
Dining: family
Dormitory
Exercise center
Gymnasium
Health-care clinic
Hospital
Hotel
Library
Manufacturing facility
Motel
Motion picture theater
Multifamily
Museum
Office
Parking garage
Penitentiary
Performing arts theater
Police/fire station
Post office
Religious building
Retail
School/university
Sports arena
Town hall
Transportation
Warehouse
Workshop

ScheduleofOperation
Baseline
OperatingHours
Proposed
Schedules should be capable of modeling

modeling,
Occupancy
Lighting Power
Misc Equipment
q p
Power
Thermostat Setpoints
HVAC System Operation
Use accurate schedule (from client)
Alternatively, use California Nonresidential ACM Approval
Manual or ASHRAE Table G-E through G-N.

ScheduleofOperation
Baseline
OperatingHours
Proposed
For proposed, NON-STANDARD Schedules possible,

Lighting Controls
Natural Ventilation
Demand Control Ventilation
Etc
B t need
But,
d to
t provide
id extensive
t
i documentation!!!
d
t ti !!!

ScheduleofOperation
Occupancy
Source:CaliforniaNonresidentialAlternativeCalculationMethod(ACM)Manual

ScheduleofOperation
Occupancy

ScheduleofOperation
Occupancy

Baseline
Sameasproposeddesign.
Proposed
Useoccupancyinformationfrom
project information
projectinformation
Useactualoccupancy
information (from client)
information(fromclient)
UseASHRAE90.12007Table
GB
(Stillnotavailable?thentry
CaliforniaTitle24/California
Nonresidential ACM Approval
NonresidentialACMApproval
Manual;TableN22&N23:
OccupancyAssumptions)
OccupancyDensity

Occupancy

Occupancy

Rotations
Orientation
Baseline
Proposed
90d Rotation.
180d Rotation.
0d Rotation
(Actual Orientation)
270d Rotation.
AVERAGE RESULTS
No Self Shading for baseline building!

Building Envelope
BuildingEnvelope
Baseline
Exceptions
Proposed
Uninsulatedassemblies(Lessthan5%neednotbemodeled)
Surfaceangles(orientation&tilt)

B ildi E l
BuildingEnvelope
Proposed
Exteriorroofsurfacesmaybemodeledwithreflectance0.45ifthe
reflectanceoftheproposeddesignroofisgreaterthan0.70andits
emittanceisgreaterthan0.75.Allotherroofsurfaceswillbemodeled
withareflectanceof0.30.
Manuallyoperatedshadingdevicessuchasblindsandshadeswillnot
y p
g
bemodeled.
Automaticallycontrolledfenestrationshadesorblindsmaybemodeled,
however permanent shading devices such as fins overhangs and light
howeverpermanentshadingdevicessuchasfins,overhangs,andlight
shelvesmaybemodeled.

Building Envelope
BuildingEnvelope
NonResidential
Residential
SemiHeated

B ildi E l
BuildingEnvelope
NonResidential
Residential
SemiHeated

Building Envelope
BuildingEnvelope
NonResidential
Residential
SemiHeated
Skylightareaequaltoproposedor5%ofgrossroofarea(whicheverissmaller).
y g
q
p p
g
(
)

Building Envelope
BuildingEnvelope
Baseline
Fenestration
Proposed
Maximum 40%
(distributed on each face)

Building Envelope
BuildingEnvelope
Baseline
Proposed
Proposed
ShadingProjections
Fins, overhangs &
light shelves may be
modeled
Baseline

Thermal Blocks HVACZonesDesigned

ThermalBlocks
HVAC Zones Designed
ThermalZoning
When zones already designed (physically determined by

HVAC system) they may be combined into thermal blocks.
Thermal Block
Similar loads, systems combined into a single block for
modeling purposes
HVAC zones to Thermal Blocks (Conditions; all should be
met)
1. Same space use classification (load
& schedule)
2. For exterior, glazing should be in
same orientation (within 45 deg)
3. All HVAC zones in a thermal block
must be served by same HVAC system
or same ki
kind
d off HVAC system

Th
Thermal
l Blocks
Bl k HVAC Z
Zones N
Nott D
Designed
i
d
When zones and systems not yet
designed thermal blocks shall be
designed,
defined based on similar internal
load densities, occupancy,
lighting, and thermal and space
temperature schedules.
Other criteria are specified
p
in
Table G3.1.8

Lighting Systems
LightingSystems
Baseline
Proposed
Choose: Building Area Method

or
Space
p
by
y Space
p
Method
InteriorLightingPower
All
AllowanceCalculation
C l l ti

Lighting Systems
LightingSystems
All
AllowanceCalculation
C l l ti

Lighting Systems
LightingSystems
Baseline
Proposed
A t
AutomaticLightingControls
ti Li hti C t l
Beam Detectors
Passive (IR) Detectors

LightingSystems
A t
AutomaticLightingControls
ti Li hti C t l

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
Baseline
Proposed
Cooling&Heating
S t
System
If no cooling
g system
y
is specified in
proposed, include
similar to baseline
If no heating system
i specified
is
ifi d iin
proposed, include
electric heating

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
Baseline
HVACSystemType
Proposed
Based on building
type (usage), area &
heating fuel source

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
HVACSystemType
PTAC Packaged Terminal A/C

PTHP Packaged Terminal Heat Pump
PSZ-AC Packaged Single Zone A/C
PSZ-HP Packaged Terminal Heat Pump
VAV Variable
V i bl Ai
Air V
Volume
l
PFP Parallel Fan Powered

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
HVACSystemType

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
HVACSystemType
(C bi d Ch t)
(CombinedChart)

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
For systems 1,2,3
123&4
Each Thermal Block shall
be modeled with its own
HVAC system
For systems 5,6,7 & 8
Each floor shall be modeled
with a separate HVAC
system.
Floors with identical
thermal blocks can be
grouped together.
HVACSystemType
Th
ThermalBlocks
l Bl k

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
Baseline
Proposed
HVACSystemType
U
UnmetHours
tH
Oversize Ratios
Heating 25%
Cooling 15%
Unmet Hours
T l 300 h
Total
hrs
Difference 50 hrs
Outdoor Ventilation Rates
Same (Proposed & Baseline)

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
HVACSystemType
O td
OutdoorVentilationRates
V til ti R t
Minimum Ventilation
Per ASHRAE 62.1-2007 (People, area, space type)

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
Baseline
Proposed
Fans

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
Baseline
Fans
Proposed
Fan System Operation

FanSystemOperation
Supply&returnfans Operatecontinuously
wheneverspacesareOCCUPIED,andshallbe
cycledtomeetheating&coolingloadsduring
UNOCCUPIED hours.
Supply, return and/or

exhaust fans will
remain ON ((at all
times) in spaces that
have health & safety
mandated minimum
ventilation.

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
Baseline
Fans
Proposed
Design Supply Airflow Rates for baseline building:

DesignSupplyAirflowRatesforbaselinebuilding:
Option1:SupplyAirtoRoomAirTemperature
Differenceof20degreesF
Option2:RequiredVentilationAir
Option3:MakeupAir
Whichever is greater!

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
Baseline
Proposed
Fans

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
FanMotorEfficiency
t HP
nextHP

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
Baseline
Proposed
Exhaust Air Energy

gy Recovery
y (Mandatory)
(
y)
5000 CFM (Supply) AND
=>70% Outdoor Air (Supply)
ERV with 50% recovery effectiveness
Economizers&
E
EnergyRecovery
R

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
Baseline
Proposed
For Systems 7 & 8,

Electric chillers (baseline)
Table G3.1.3.7 (type & numbers)
Chilled water design
Supply @ 44 deg F
Return @ 56 deg F
Chillers

HVAC Systems
HVACSystems
DemandControl
V til ti
Ventilation
Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates shall be the same for the
proposed and baseline building designs
Exception
Ventilation
V
til ti Controls
C t l for
f High
Hi h Occupancy
O
Areas:
A
Demand
D
d
Control Ventilation (DCV) modulate the amount of outdoor air
supplied to a space as a function of the number of people present.
- Standard requires DCV for all ventilation systems with design
outdoor air capacities >3000 CFM serving occupancy density
> 100 people / 1000 sf
- DCV is activated based on CO2 levels
- CO2 sensors located within occupied zone (or return air)

Process Energy
ProcessEnergy
Process loads must

be identical.
Minimum 25% of
baseline building
energy cost.

Process Energy
ProcessEnergy
Table G-B
For EPD (Receptacle
load))

Process Energy
ProcessEnergy

Service Hot Water System

ServiceHotWaterSystem
Baseline
Proposed
Same energy source.

Performance
P
f
required
i d
(baseline) is available
in 90.1-2007

Energy Rates
EnergyRates
Baseline
Proposed
Same rates for both

baseline & proposed
b ildi
building.
Local utility or Energy
Information
Administration rates
section three
Building Energy Modeling

Process Oriented Approach
pp
to Energy
gy Modeling
g

Natural Intelligence, LLC

How is it done?
Creating a Baseline model reflecting a minimally
code compliant building
Copying
C
the baseline model then making
modifications to the building including, but not
limited to, one or more of the following:
HVAC
Glazing
Exterior shading
Daylighting
Comparing
p
g the p
performance of the modified
building to the baseline building, i.e. energy usage
and costs.

Typical
yp
Inputs:
p
Building site data (weather data; orientation; adjacent
structure shadows, etc.)
Building envelope data (heat transfer surfaces e.g.
walls, floors, roofs, windows, window shades &
overhangs)
Building operations and scheduling (occupancy,
thermostat setpoints, daylighting photosensors,
HVAC schedules)
h d l )
Internal loads (e.g. body heat, lights, equipment)
HVAC equipment & performance
Utility rates (electric/gas, peak/off-peak)
parameters ((life-cycle
y
costing,
g, interest
Economic p
rates)

Typical
yp
Outputs:
p
Summary of annual projected utility costs and savings
Performance graphs (e.g., monthly energy use for gas
and electric,
electric monthly facility peak kW
kW, etc
etc.)) in
comparison to the baseline
Input parameter information (e.g., internal load
specifications, building envelope characteristics,
HVAC system definitions, etc.)
p
of building
g characteristics ((e.g.,
g,
Assumptions
schedules, HVAC set points, etc.)
Notations of changes from previous models (e.g.,
changes made between baseline and modeling
iterations)
Interpretation of results
Software
S f
input
i
and
d output fil
files ((electronic)
l
i )

eQUESTModelingSoftwareStructure
QUEST M d li S ft
St t
eQuest contains multiple user interfaces (3) that
correspond to the design process
Schematic Design wizard
Design Development wizard
Detailed
D t il d IInterface
t f
All of these interfaces produce an input text file
containing Building Description Language (BDL)
DOE2.2
DOE2 2 uses this
hi fil
file ffor the
h b
building
ildi energy
calculations
You can work directly in the BDL file (fourth user
i t f
interface)
)
BDL is located in
eQuest/project/projectname/projectname.inp (the
inp file)

eQUESTUserInterfaces&Workflow
QUEST U I t f
& W kfl
Schematic Design
g wizard g
good for p
preliminary
y analyses.
y
Has default values and built-in workflow. Limitation: can
only create one building shell
Design Development wizard can create multiple shells
for a single building. Also has default values and built-in
workflow.
Detailed Interface allows for greatest flexibility and while
it has default values, there is no workflow.
NOTE:
A shell is any area of a building that shares the same or a
similar footprint, HVAC zoning, ceiling height, envelope
construction type or HVAC services.

ImportanteQUESTRule
Once yyouve used a user interface to make a change
g
in the model, you cannot return to a more simple user
interface without over-writing those changes, e.g.
going from Schematic wizard to Design Development
wizard and back.
In other words, you can go from a simple to more
complex interface, but not backwards without losing
changes.

eQUESTModelInputDataCollection
Q
p

eQUESTModelInputDataCollection(contd.)
Q
p
(
)

eQUEST Simulation Summary
y Report
p

eQUEST Simulation Summary
y Report
p
(contd.)
(
)

Detailed eQUEST/DOE-2
eQUEST/DOE 2 (SIM) Reports

Detailed eQUEST/DOE-2
eQUEST/DOE 2 (SIM) Reports (contd.)

Detailed eQUEST/DOE-2 (SIM) Reports (contd.)
(contd )

LEED 3.0 Excel Spreadsheet
p

p

p

p

eQUEST Design Development Wizard Tour
Find the eQUEST
Q
Introductoryy Tutorial included in
your eQUEST version 3.64 install at ~\eQUEST 3-64
Data\Tutorials\All\Introductory Tutorial
Go
G to
t page 83 off 145
Follow along with the instructor

eQUEST Design Development Wizard Exercise
Load into eQUEST
7th& Lane Sample
Project (file folder
prior to
distributed p
class)
Go to page 191 of 602
in the eQUEST
Training Workbook
and perform the
exercise Enter inputs
exercise.
identified by red font,
otherwise accept
defaults.
defaults

LEED NC Exercise
Now we take the
completed 7th&
Lane model and
turn it into a
baseline building
per LEED
(instructor led
exercise).

eQUEST LEED Compliance Analysis

Contact information
Christian Stalberg
Tel. 919-801-0734
Email: cstalberg@naturalintelligence.us
cstalberg@naturalintelligence us
Sustainable Performance Institute
http://www.sustainable-performance.org

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LEED 521: Energy Modeling for LEED

Information Transfer Goals

United States Green Buildingg Council ((USGBC))

Whole Building Energy Simulation

Whole Building Energy Simulation

LEADERSHIP in ENERGY and

Whole Building Energy Simulation

EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance

Whole Building Energy Simulation

EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance

Whole Building Energy Simulation

ASHRAE Appendix G Performance Rating Method

Whole Building Energy Simulation

Whole Building Energy Simulation

Fresh air intake

Service Hot Water

Wall, Window, Door

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

Wall / Internal Partitions (UFactor)

Heating, Ventilating & Air-Conditioning

Ventilation type (mechanical)

Service Water Heating

Type, Operation schedule

Equipment Power Density / Receptacle Loads

Schedule - hours, days (holidays)

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007

SERVICE WATER HEATING

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007

RECEPTACLE & PROCESS

Whole Building Energy Simulation

CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION