Drainage System Intro

Module 11
THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

GENERAL REGULATIONS
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER
What is DRAINAGE SYSTEM?

Drainage System includes all the
pipings within public or private
premises which convey sewage or
other liquid wastes to a legal point of
disposal but does not include the
mains of a public sewer system or a
public sewage treatment or disposal
plant.
Sec 205.10 NPC 1999
The Drainage System is often known

as the DWV System or Drainage,
Waste and Vent System
It is composed of:
Sanitary Drainage System the pipings that
convey the discharge of water closets or fixtures
having similar functions (containing fecal matter)
with or without the discharges form other
fixtures.
Waste Drainage System the pipings that
receive the liquid discharge from plumbing
fixtures, other than water closets and urinals, and
are free of fecal flow.
Vent System the pipings installed to provide
a flow of air to or from a drainage system or to
provide a circulation of air within such system to
protect trap seals from siphonage or back
pressure.
Storm Drainage System the piping system
that receives clear water drainage from leaders,
downspouts, surface run-off, ground water,
subsurface water, condensate water, cooling
water or other similar discharges and conveys
them to the point of disposal. All sanitary waste
must be excluded.
Storm Drain System
Waste Drain System
Sanitary Drainage
System
Vent System
Vent Pipe a pipe or opening

used for ensuring the
circulation of air in a
plumbing system and for
relieving the negative
pressure exerted on trap
seals. Sec 223.3
GENERAL PARTS OF THE

DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Vent Stack the vertical vent pipe
installed primarily for providing
circulation of air to and from any
part of the soil, waste of the drainage
system. Sec. 223.4
Soil Stack Pipe a vertical soil

pipe conveying fecal matter
and waste water. Sec. 220.21
Soil Pipe any pipe, which
conveys the discharge of water
closet, urinal or fixtures having
similar functions, with or
without the discharge from
other fixtures to the building
drain or building sewer.
Sec. 220.22
House Drain is that part of the
lowest horizontal piping of a
plumbing system which receives
the discharge from soil, waste and
other drainage pipes inside of a
building and conveys it to the
house sewer outside of the
building. Sec 209.6
House Sewer is that part of a

plumbing system extending from the
house drain at a point 0.60 meters from
the outside face of the foundation wall
of a building to the junction with the
street sewer or to any point of
discharge, conveying the drainage of
one building site. Sec. 209.7
Waste Pipe a pipe,

which convey only
wastewater or liquid
waste, free of fecal
matter. Sec. 224.2
Septic Tank a water tight

receptacle which receives
the discharge of a sanitary
plumbing system, designed
and constructed to retain
solids , digest organic
matter through a period of
detention and to allow the
liquids to discharge into the
public sewer or an
approved private sewage
disposal system. Sec. 220.7
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS FOR A
PROPERLY DESIGNED
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
All horizontal piping shall be

supported at sufficiently
close intervals to keep them
in alignment and prevent
sagging. Sec. 315.2.1
Vertical piping shall be

secured at sufficiently close
intervals to keep the pipes in
alignment. Stacks shall be
properly supported at their
bases. Sec. 315.1
Each plumbing fixture trap shall be

protected against siphonage and backpressure by means of vent pipes.
Sec. 901
Each plumbing fixture, except those
with integral traps, shall be separately
trapped by an approved type
waterseal trap. Sec. 1001.1
A cleanout, easily accessible, shall be

provided for inspection or cleaning of the
pipe run. Sec. 706
Every building where
plumbing fixtures are
installed shall have a
sewer service connection
to a public or private
sewer systems. Sec. 305.1
All horizontal piping shall run in

practical alignment & at a uniform
grade of not less than 2% (20 mm per
meter) toward the point of disposal.
Sec. 302
Catch Basin a
receptacle in which
liquids are retained for a
sufficient period of time
to allow settleable
material to deposit.
Sec. 204.3
Downspout the vertical

portion of a rainwater
conductor. Sec. 205.8
Leader a pipe
connected from the
building gutter to the
downspout or conductor.
Sec. 213.6
House Storm Sewer is the
pipeline from the building to
the public or street storm
drainage system. Sec. 209.8
DRAINAGE DRAINS, TRAPS and

VENTS
DRAINS
What is a Drain?
A Drain is a pipe, which carries ground and surface
waters, storm water or wastewater into a building
drainage system.
The common types of drains are the floor drains and
the roof drains.
The 2 types of drain connections are the direct drain
connection and the indirect drain connection.
FLOOR DRAINS
Floor Drain a fixture providing an opening in a floor to drain water into a plumbing
system; in homes, usually fitted with a deep seal trap.
Trench Drain a cast-in-place or preformed concrete trench

usually covered with a grate that serves as both a drain and a
collection point for run-off water or other liquid.
ROOF DRAINS
Roof Drain a drain designed to receive to
receive water collecting on the surface of a
roof and to discharge it into a leader or a
downspout.
Scupper Drain
an opening in
a wall or
parapet that
allows water to
drain from a
roof.
Plantbox Drain
INDIRECT DRAIN
FUNNEL
Indirect Waste Pipe is a pipe that does not connect

directly with the drainage system but conveys liquid
wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture,
interceptor or receptacle directly connected to the
drainage system. Sec. 210.1
Air Gap, Drainage

the unobstructed
vertical distance
through the free
atmosphere between
the lowest opening
from any pipe,
plumbing fixture,
appliance or
appurtenance
conveying waste to
the flood level ream of
the receptor. Sec.
202.6
Airbreak a physical
separation, which may be a
low inlet into the indirect
waste receptor from the
fixture, appliance or device
indirectly connected.
TRAPS
What is a Trap?
A Trap is a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when

properly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul air or
methane gas without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater
through it.
1.
The types of waterseal traps are:

P-trap is the most widely used for fixtures, common diameter sizes are 110mm
2.
3.
4.
(4), 63mm (2), 32mm (1-1/4) and 38mm (1-1/2).

Drum trap is used mostly for bathtubs. It has the advantage of containing a larger
volume of water & discharging a greater volume of water than a P-trap.
Grease Interceptor / Grease Trap Grease interceptor is an interceptor of at
least 3 cubic meter capacity to serve one or more fixtures and which is remotely
located. Grease trap is a device designed to retain grease from one to a maximum of
four fixtures.
House Trap/Running trap a device installed to prevent circulation of air
between the drainage of the building and the building sewer.
Waterseal Trap
Crown Weir the highest point of the bottom of
the internal surface of the trap
Dip the lowest

portion of the inside
top surface of the
channel through the
trap
51 102 mm
Trap seal the vertical distance or depth of

liquid that a trap will retain, measured
between the crown weir and the top of the
dip of the trap.
TYPES OF TRAPS:
LAVATORY P-TRAP
P-TRAP
HOUSE TRAP
DRUM TRAP
TYPES OF TRAPS
Lavatory P-Trap
Ordinary P-Trap
Drum Trap
House Trap
TRAP ARM,
FIXTURE DRAIN,
FIXTURE BRANCH
AND HORIZONTAL BRANCH
Each plumbing
fixture, excepting
those having
integral traps , shall
be separately
trapped by an
approved type
waterseal trap. Not
more than 1 trap
shall be permitted
on a trap arm*.
Trap Arm that
portion of a fixture
drain between a
trap and the vent.
TRAP ARM
TRAP ARM
Each fixture trap shall have a protecting vent so located that the developed
length of the trap arm from the trap weir to the inner edge of the vent shall be
within the prescribed distance, but in no case less than two times the diameter
of the trap arm.
Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms
TRAP ARM
DIAMETER
DISTANCE TO VENT
(Except for Water Closets and similar
fixtures)
32mm (1-1/4)
760 mm
38mm (1-1/2)
1070 mm
51mm (2)
1520 mm
76mm (3)
1830 mm
102mm and
larger
3050 mm
The developed length between the trap of a water closet

or similar fixture measured from the top of closet ring
(closet flange) to inner edge of vent shall not exceed 1.8
meters.
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP
CEBU CHAPTER
FIXTURE DRAIN
FIXTURE BRANCH
HORIZONTAL BRANCH
GREASE TRAP
GREASE TRAP
When waste pretreatment is required, an approved type grease trap complying
with the Code shall be installed in the wasteline leading from sinks, drains and other
fixtures or equipment in establishments such as restaurants, cafes, lunch counters,
cafeterias, bars and clubs, hotel, hospitals sanitarium, factory or school kitchens, or
other establishments where grease may be introduced into the drainage or sewer
system in quantities that can effect line stoppage or hinder sewage treatment or
private sewage disposal.
A grease trap is not required for individual dwelling units or for any private living
quarters.
Each plumbing fixture or piece of equipment connected to a grease trap shall be provided
with an approved type Flow Control or restricting device installed in a readily accessible
and visible location in the tailpiece or drain outlet of each such fixture.
Flow control Devices shall be so designed that the flow through such device or devices
shall at no time be greater than the rated capacity of the grease trap.
GREASE TRAPS CAPACITY

TOTAL NUMBER
OF FIXTURE
CONNECTED
REQUIRED RATE
OF FLOW IN
LITERS PER
MINUTE
GREASE RETENTION CAPACITY

IN KILOGRAM
76
18
95
23
132
32
189
45
Grease Trap:
UNDER COUNTER GREASE

TRAP
GREASE TRAP
SIZING OF GREASE INTERCEPTOR:

S=MxWxRxF
Where:
S = size of grease interceptor
M = number of meals served at peak hour
W = Waste Flow Rate: Use
- with dishwashing machine ------- 6 gallon flow (per meal/day)
- without dishwashing machine -- 5 gallon flow (per meal/day)
- single service kitchen ------------- 2 gallon flow (per meal/day)
- food waste disposer --------------- 1 gallon flow (per meal/day)
- hospital kitchen --------------------25 gallon/bed/day
R = Retention Time: Use
- commercial kitchen waste dishwasher ----- 2.5 hours
- single service kitchen, single serving ------- 1.5 hours
F = storage factors
- For fully equipped commercial kitchen
8 hour operation: 1
16 hour operation: 2
24 hour operation: 3
- Single service kitchen: 1.5
DRAINAGE PIPING
Grade of horizontal excreta drainage piping

Horizontal drainage piping shall run
in practical alignment and at a
uniform slope of not less than 2% or
20 mm/m towards the point of
disposal, provided that, where it is
impractical due to the depth of the
street sewer or to adverse structural
features or to some irregular
arrangements of affected building or
structure to obtain a slope of 2% or
any such pipe or piping 102mm or
larger in diameter may have a slope
of not less than 1% or 10mm/m
when first approved by the
Administrative Authority.
15 METERS
110 mm
15 METERS
3000 mm
VENTS AND VENT PIPING
What is a Vent?
A Vent is a pipe or opening that brings outside air into the
plumbing system and equalizes the pressure on both sides of a
trap to prevent trap seal loss.
Inadequate ventilation usually causes the loss of trap seal.

At sea level, atmospheric pressure is about 102 kPa (14.75 psi).
Any difference between this pressure and the pressure on the
discharge side forces the water seal into the direction of less
pressure. Venting the discharge side of the trap to the
atmosphere tends to equalize these pressures.
Causes of Trap Seal Loss:
Siphonage the withdrawal of a liquid from a trap due to a suction
1.
2.
caused by liquid flow in a pipe without proper ventilation.

Direct or Self siphonage
Indirect or Momentum siphonage
Back Pressure or Back Siphonage pressure developed in

opposition to the flow of liquid in a pipe due to friction, gravity or some
other restriction to the flow of the conveyed liquid.
Evaporation occurs when a fixture is not used for a long time.

Capillary Attraction a foreign object lodged in the trap causes loss
of trap seal by capillary action by acting as a wick.
Wind Effect
Causes of Trap Seal Loss:
What are the Types of Vents?
Soil and Waste Vent

Main Vent
Individual Vent or Back
Vent
Unit Vent
Circuit Vent or Loop
Vent
Relief Vent
Yoke Vent
Wet Vent
Looped Vent
Local Vent
Utility Vent
HORIZONTAL PIPING: HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

Horizontal pipes shall be supported at sufficiently close intervals
to keep them in alignment and prevent sagging.
PIPE MATERIAL
HORIZONTAL SUPPORTS AND HANGERS
CAST IRON SOIL PIPE
supported at not more than 1.50 meters and shall be placed

within 0.45 meters of the hub or joint. for pipes more than 1.50
meters in length, may be supported at not more than 3 meters
interval
SCREWED PIPE
At 3 meter interval for piping 19mm in diameter and smaller and

3.60 meters interval for pipings 25mm and larger in diameter.
PLASTIC PIPE
shall be supported by stiff metal or wood backing with hangers in

its entire length for pipes 38mm diameter and without backing
but with spaced metal hangers at approved spacing for larger-size
spacing.
IN GROUND
Piping buried in the ground shall be laid in a firm bed for its
entire length, except where concrete cradle support is provided.
LEAD PIPE
Shall supported by stiff metal or wooden backing for its entire

length with hangers properly spaced.
VERTICAL PIPING: SUPPORTS

Vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipes in
alignment and to carry its weight and contents.
Stacks shall supported at their base.
PIPE MATERIAL
SPACING OF PIPE SUPPORTS
CAST IRON SOIL PIPE
Bell & spigot and hubless pipe shall be

supported at every storey or closer
SCREWED PIPE
Iron Pipe Size (IPS) shall be supported .
COPPER TUBING
Shall be supported at its storey or at

maximum intervals of 3 meters on center.
LEAD PIPE
shall be supported at intervals not exceeding

1.20 meters at centers with a rigid vertical
back-up.
PLASTIC PIPE
Shall be supported at every 1 meter interval.
PIPE COLOR CODING
IDENTIFICATION OF PIPING BY COLOR

MATERIAL PIPED
PIPE
COLOR
MATERIAL PIPED
PIPE
COLOR
Acetylene
Orange
Nitrogen Low pressure
Green
Acid
Yellow
Oxygen
Orange
Air High pressure
Yellow
Oil
Orange
Air Low pressure
Green
Steam High pressure
Yellow
Ammonia
Yellow
Steam Low pressure
Yellow
Argon Low pressure
Green
Tar
Orange
Blast Furnace Glass
Orange
Producer Gas
Orange
Carbon Dioxide
Red
Liquid Petroleum Gas
Orange
Gasoline
Orange
Vacuum High
Orange
Grease
Orange
Water Boiler Feed
Yellow
Helium Low pressure
Green
Water Cold
Green
Hydrogen
Orange
Water Distilled
Green
IDENTIFICATION OF PIPING BY COLOR

MATERIAL PIPED
PIPE
COLOR
Water Fire Service
Red
Water Hot
Yellow
Water Low pressure (Excl. of Fire

Service)
Green
Water High pressure (Excl. of Fire

Service)
Yellow
Water Treated
Green
Oil and Water (For Hydraulic

System)
Green
Oil and Water (For Hydraulic

System)
Orange
END OF PRESENTATION

Drainage System Intro

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Module 11

THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

What is DRAINAGE SYSTEM?

The Drainage System is often known

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Storm Drain System

Waste Drain System

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Vent Pipe a pipe or opening

GENERAL PARTS OF THE

Soil Stack Pipe a vertical soil

House Sewer is that part of a

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Waste Pipe a pipe,

Septic Tank a water tight

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

All horizontal piping shall be

Vertical piping shall be

Each plumbing fixture trap shall be

A cleanout, easily accessible, shall be

All horizontal piping shall run in

Downspout the vertical

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

DRAINAGE DRAINS, TRAPS and

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Trench Drain a cast-in-place or preformed concrete trench

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Indirect Waste Pipe is a pipe that does not connect

Air Gap, Drainage

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

A Trap is a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when

The types of waterseal traps are:

(4), 63mm (2), 32mm (1-1/4) and 38mm (1-1/2).

Crown Weir the highest point of the bottom of

the internal surface of the trap

Dip the lowest

Trap seal the vertical distance or depth of

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms

The developed length between the trap of a water closet

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

GREASE TRAPS CAPACITY

GREASE RETENTION CAPACITY

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

UNDER COUNTER GREASE

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

SIZING OF GREASE INTERCEPTOR:

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

Grade of horizontal excreta drainage piping

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER