HighEfficientDrying

Heattransferperformance
Dryingprocessparameter
Ovendesign
St.PetersburgJune3rd

Dryingprocessrequirements
Highsolventevaporationrateacrosscoatinglayer
Lowsolventdiffusionintosubstrate
Lowthermalstresstoweb
Lowmechanicalstresstoweb
Maximumsolventconcentrationinexhaustair

Heattransferbyconvection
y
Airimpingementprinciple

Heattransfercoefficientdependson
geometric data
geometricdata

- relativejetarea(f=V/(wD)
- jetdiameter(D)
- jetarrangment
- distancejetsubstrate(H)

: 100 160W/m
:100
160 W/mKK

Heattransferrate
.

Q AT
Q=
A T

Heattransferbyradiation
y
100

Tra
ansmissio
on [%]

90

IRtransmission behavior of water

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

Wellenlnge [m]

Heattransferbyconvection/radiation
y
/
Convectiveheattransfer

Combinedheattransfer

Air

Air

solvent

Absorption
.

Q
Q

Substrate

Shortwaveinfrared
radiation

Air

solvent

Substrate

- Energyconsumptiononsurfaceonly
- Solventevaporationonsurfaceinterferes
withsolventdiffusion
- Heattransferratelimited
Heat transfer rate limited

Transmissionofinfraredradiationincoatinglayer
Energyconsumptioninsidelayerinaddtion
Energyconsumptiononsubstratesupportsevaporation
Highest rate of heattransfer
Highestrateofheat
transfer

Calculation/simulationofdryingprocesses
Design Calc.
No.:
Costumer :
Product :
Product Properties
Web Width :
Machine Speed :

08100911 Rev02
KKA
coating

Date: 16.04.2010

24 m/min

AB
v

4.300 mm
24 m / min
2000,0

Web Weight :
GT
Web Material :
At
Coating Weight, Solids :
Coverage :
BG
Solid Content :
Fg
Solvent Weight :
AL
Solvent Evaporation Rate : LA
Lower Explosion Limit
(LEL) at 20C :
UEG
Ignition Temperature :
ZT
Boiling Point :
TS
Latent Heat :
VE
Heated by :
In
Thermal OilOut
Drying Data
Drying Temperature :
W t Bulb
Wet
B lb Temperature
T
t
:

TT
Tk
Tkg

Drying Rate :

GD

Theoretical Drying Length : TLT

Tunnel Length Installed : TL
Cooling Section Length : TRL
Total Length
GL
Module (Zone) Data :
Type =
Module Length :
ZL
Circulation Air per Module : UM
Slot (web) Air per Module : FM ca.
Nozzle Velocity :
vD max
Motor Capacity needed : NW
Fresh / Exhaust Air Data
Fresh Air Temperature :
Concentration Limit
Allowed :
Solvent Load Exhaust Air :
Exhaust Air needed :
Exhaust Air Bulk Mean
Temp. :

g / m2
PVC
10,00 g / m2
100,0 %
12,5 %
70,00 g / m2
433,3 kg / h
-- g / m3
-- C
100 C
2445,0 kJ/kg
240,0 C
220,0 C

140 C
49 7 C
49,7

Sheet
1/1
web temperature
infeed
outfeed
30 0C
30,0
C
65 5C
65,5
C
Specific
Heat Cap. :
0,98 kJ/kg,K

Water
Retaining :

25 mg/m

Ex-Protect.: no
Ex-Venting: no
LEL-Control:no

(bulk mean
temp.)

(mean
11,01kg/m2,h value)
m without
No. of
9,16IR
Zones
Z - Length
5,00 m with IR
2
2,50 m
0,00 m
0
2,50 m
5,00
m
AT - U -43.25
Transfer Coeff.
2,50 m
Heat :single sided
17.494 m3/h
h = 163W/m2,K
2.200 m3/h
Mass :single sided
34 m/sek
14,8 KW
Ex-Protect.: --

FLT

20 C

AAZ
AA
ABL

-- %
47,00 g / m3
10.625 m3 / h

ATM

109 C

rel.
Humidity:50% rF
of LEL
lower limit
approx.

Specificsolventevaporationrateat
34m/sairspeedthroughjet
140Cairtemperature
Waterbasedcoating
160W/mK
160 W/ K
Airimpingementeffect
11 kg/m h
11kg/mh
Combinedairimpingement/infrared
radiation application
radiationapplication
21kg/mh

Calculation/simulationofdryingprocesses
Drying process simulation
water based coating: 80g/m wet, 12,5% solids at 24 m/min
160

80
140,0

drying air temp.

web temp IR on
web temp off
water cont on
water cont off

120
100

60

80

40
65,5

60
40

20

20
0

0
0

2,5
Dryer Length
Length, m

water content, g/m

we
eb temperature
e, C

140

Ovendesign

Ovendesign

Ovendesignvs.dryingprocess

160

80
140,0

140
drying air temp.
web temp IR on
web temp off

120
100
80

60
40

65,5

60
40

20

20
0

0
0

2,5

Ovendesign
Increaseofthesolventevaporationrate
until100%
Significantshorteningofthenecessary
dryerlength
Significantenergysavingsdueto
reducedexhaustairrates
Radiatordesignapplicableforwater
andsolventbasedcoatings(EXX)
Combinationofdryingandcrosslinking
processesinonestep