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A4

PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2015

KEY & EXPLANATION

Number of Questions: 100

1.
Ans: C
Exp: The Nullarbor Plain is in
southern Australia, its located on
the Great Australian Bight coast
with the Great Victoria Desert to
its north. It is the worlds largest
single exposure of limestone
bedrock, and occupies an area of
about 2 Lakh square kilometers
2.
Ans: C
Exp: To be declared as a
biodiversity hotspot a species
should be endemic i.e. found in
particular area only, threat
perception based on habitat loss
is taken into consideration.
3.
Ans: B
Exp : Nagoya protocol on access
to gentic resources and equitable
sharing of benefits, Cartagena
about movement of LMOs, while
Aichi is strategic plan for
Biodiversity protection
4.
Ans: B
Exp: Ecological pyramids of
energy are always upright while
numbers
and
biomass
are
sometimes inverted.
5.
Ans: C
Exp: Rate of conversion is
productivity not amount of
conversion, energy assimilated
by autotrophs not herbivores is
GPP, amount lost in respiration
is not excretion
6.
Ans: D
Exp: dams will fragment rivers
and lead to their physical
transformation, storing leads to
water logging and salination of
areas, rotting of vegetation in
these water logged areas leads to
emission of GHGs
7.
Ans: C
8.
Ans: D
Exp: the basic idea of JFM is that
involving local communities will

help in protection more so if local

communities realise economic
benefits from conservation.
9.
Ans: A
Exp: Ecosystem has two essential
components
one
is
biome
consisting of living organisms
other the physical environment
i.e. Habitat.. While energy is the
third component connecting both
of them.
10. Ans: D
Exp: Forests protect water shed
from flash floods, it regulates
atmosphere by regulating oxygen
and carbon dioxide, act as land
bank
by
maintaining
soil
nutrients, produces minor and
major forest produce.
11. Ans: A
Exp: The Spiti Valley is a desert
mountain valley located high in
the Himalaya mountains in the
north-eastern part of the Indian
state of Himachal Pradesh. The
name "Spiti" means "The Middle
Land", i.e. the land between Tibet
and India.
12. Ans: A
13. Ans: A
Exp: Surface waves have the
highest amplitudes and longest
duration. For those areas, they
will therefore cause the most
damage.
14. Ans: C
Exp: Hamada, a rocky desert, or
desert region, which does not
have surficial materials and which
consists mainly of boulders and
exposed bedrock. Two basic types
occur: stony hamada, jaggedly
developed
across
crystalline
rocks; and pebbly hamada, cut
across sedimentary material and
mantled with bedrock fragments.
15. Ans: C

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Exp: Badlands are a type of dry

terrain
where
softer
sedimentary rocks and clay-rich
soils have been extensively
eroded by wind and water. They
are characterized by steep
slopes, minimal vegetation, lack
of a substantial regolith, and
high drainage density.
16. Ans: C
Exp:
Energetic
electrically
charged
particles
(mostly
electrons) accelerate along the
magnetic
field
lines
into
atmosphere (earth), where they
collide with gas atoms, causing
the atoms to give off light.
17. Ans: B
Exp: Generally, within the lower
atmosphere the air near the
surface of the Earth is warmer
than the air above it, largely
because the atmosphere is heated
from
below
as solar radiation
warms the Earth's surface, which
in turn then warms the layer of
the atmosphere directly above it.
It generally occurs in low relative
humidity regions on mountain
tops. A ground inversion develops
when air is cooled by contact with
a colder surface until it becomes
cooler
than
the
overlying
atmosphere; this occurs most
often on clear nights, when the
ground cools off rapidly by
radiation.
18. Ans: B
Exp: Denudation is the long-term
sum of processes that cause the
wearing away of the earths
surface leading to a reduction in
elevation and relief of landforms
and landscapes. Endogenous
processes such as volcanoes,
earthquakes, and plate tectonics
uplift and expose continental
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crust
to
the
exogenous
denudation
processes
of
weathering, erosion, and mass
wasting.
19. Ans: D
Exp:
A Monadnock or Inselberg is an
isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or
small mountain that
rises
abruptly from a gently sloping or
virtually level surrounding plain.
20. Ans: C
21. Ans: D
22. Ans: A
23. Ans: B
24. Ans: D
25. Ans: B
26. Ans: D
Exp: Biosphere reserve fulfills
conservative,
economic,
development functions. Logistic
Function involves international
networking for research, training
and education.
27.
Ans: D
28.
Ans: C
29.
Ans: D
Exp: Silicosis, a chronic disease of
the lungs that is caused by the
inhalation of silica dust over long
periods of time. Silica is the chief
mineral constituent of sand and
of many kinds of rock. Whereas
the other problems are caused by
various oxides of Nitrogen.
30. Ans: B
Exp: RH is the ratio of amount
water holding of air to the amount
which it can hold. Decrease in
temp decrease amount it can hold
thus, increases RH.
31. Ans: C
32. Ans: C
Exp:
Harmattan
wind
(the doctor)- A dry, dusty, northeasterly or easterly wind which
occurs in West Africa north of the
equator. Its effect extends from
just north of the equator in
January, almost to the northern
tropic in July
33. Ans: C
34. Ans: C
35. Ans: D
36. Ans: D
37. Ans: A

Exp: Shifting cultivation is not a

soil
conservation
method;
moreover it degrades the soils due
to deforestation. Terracing is
another method of reducing or
preventing
soil
erosion
on
mountain slopes. Tilling the field
at right angles to the slope called
counter ploughing.
38. Ans: C
Exp: The Ninety East Ridge is an
5500 km long, north-southoriented,
submarine
volcanic
ridge in the eastern Indian Ocean
that formed from magmatism
associated with the deep seated
Kerguelen mantle plume as the
Indian plate drifted rapidly
northward during the Late
Cretaceous.
39. Ans: C
Exp: The National Biodiversity
Authority (NBA) is a statutory
autonomous body under the
Ministry of Environment and
Forests, Government of India
established in 2003 to implement
the provisions under the National
Biological Diversity Act, 2002,
after India signed Convention on
Biological Diversity (CBD) in
1992.)
40. Ans: D
41. Ans: C
42. Ans: B
43. Ans: B
44. Ans: C
Exp: Foilation is the process of
arrangement of minerals or grains
in
lines
and
layers
of
metamorphic rocks.
45. Ans: B
46. Ans: B
47. Ans: D
48. Ans: C
Exp: The western Himalayan
region extends from Kashmir to
Kumaon.
49. Ans: B
Exp: India represents only three
biomes tropical humid, tropical
dry and warm desert
50. Ans: D
51. Ans: C
52. Ans: C

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Exp: Both Uranus and Venus

rotate in clockwise direction.
53. Ans: B
54. Ans: A
55. Ans: A
56. Ans: C
57. Ans: C
Exp: An oxbow lake forms when a
river creates a meander, due to
the river's eroding the bank
through
hydraulic
action,
abrasion and erosion. After a long
period of time, the meander
becomes
very
curved,
and
eventually the neck of the
meander becomes narrower and
the river cuts through the neck
during a flood, cutting off the
meander and forming an oxbow
lake.
58. Ans: C
59. Ans: C
60. Ans: C
Exp: All of the above mentioned
in Charaka Samhita.
61. Ans: D
Exp: Evergreen forest is not an
ecotone. Ecotone is juncture
between two or more ecosystems.
62. Ans: B
Exp: Taiga biome consists of
coniferous evergreen vegetation.
Lichen and mosses belong to
Tundra Biome.
63. Ans: A
Exp: The levels of Organisation in
ecology are 6 and they are
Individual,
Population,
Community, Ecosystem, Biome
and Biosphere. Ecotone and
Niche come under ecosystem and
they are not levels of Ecology
directly.
64. Ans: B
65. Ans: B
66. Ans: B
67. Ans: B
68. Ans: D
69. Ans: A
70. Ans: C
71. Ans: B
72. Ans: C
73. Ans: D
Exp: Grasslands generally have
Temperate climate.
74. Ans: C
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75. Ans: D
76. Ans: B
77. Ans: B
78. Ans: B
79. Ans: D
80. Ans: D
Exp:
The
Kppen
Climate
Classification
System
is
a
empirical system based on
observable
features.
Other
systems are either "genetic"
classification systems (based on
the causes of the climate like
solar radiation, air masses,
pressure
systems,
etc.)
or
"applied" classification systems
created for, or as an outgrowth of,
a particular climate-associated
problem.
(e.g.,
Thornthwaite
classification system based on
potential evapotranspiration.)
81. Ans: A
Exp: The PAT (perform - achieve trade) is a scheme for trading
energy-efficiency certificates in
large energy-intensive industries
under the National Mission for
Enhanced Energy Efficiency.
82. Ans: D
83. Ans: C

Exp: Loess is a geologically recent

deposit of silt or material which is
usually yellowish or brown in
color and consisting of tiny
mineral particles brought by wind
to the places where they now lie.
It is a product of past glacial
activity in an area. It is a
sedimentary deposit of mineral
particles which are finer than
sand but coarser than dust or
clay, deposited by the wind. Loess
is a type of silt which forms fertile
topsoil in some parts of the world)
84. Ans: A
85. Ans: C
86. Ans: B
Exp: Ideal conditions for the
cotton plant are Long vegetation
periods (175 to 225 days) without
frost,
Constant
temperatures
between 18 and 30. , Ample
sunshine
and
fairly
dry
conditions.
87. Ans: A
88. Ans: C
89. Ans: B
90. Ans: D
91. Ans: D
92. Ans: D

Exp: BHEL has commissioned

Bijlee Utpadans thermal unit in
Bihar. This is the first 195 MW
unit to be commissioned by Bhel
at the Muzaffarpur thermal power
station which is a joint venture of
NTPC and Bihar State Power
Generation
93. Ans: D
94. Ans: D
95. Ans: D
96. Ans: D
97. Ans: C
Exp: The
Trans-Anatolian
Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP) is a
natural
gas
pipeline
from
Azerbaijan through Georgia and
Turkey to Europe. The project will
allow first Azerbaijan gas exports
to Europe, beyond Turkey.
Construction of the pipeline
began formally in March 2015
and is expected to be completed
in 2018
98. Ans: B
Exp: The point of origin is called
Focus.
99. Ans: B
100. Ans: A

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