Reg. No.

H-3324
DEGRBE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2007.
B.E./B.TCCh.
SeventhSemester
(Regulation 2004)
Electronicsand CommunicationEngineering
EC T4O2-

OPTICAL CONIMUNICATION

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(Commonto B.E. (Part-Time) Sixth SemesterRegulation2005)

Maximum : 100 marks

Time : Three hours

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Answer ALL questions.

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PARTA-(10x2=2}marks)
Give the relationship betweenrays and modes

2.

A silica optical fiber has a corerefractive index of 1.5 and a cladding refractive
index of L.47. Determine the acceptanceangle in air for the fiber.

3.

What do you mean by polarizationmode dispersion?

4.

Distinguish dispelsion shifted and dispersion flattened frbers

5.

What do you mean by heterojunction? Mention its advantages.

6.

List the different types of mechanicai misalignments that can occur between
two joined fibers.

7.

What are the desired features of a photodetector?

8.

Define quantum limit.

9.

What are the advantagesof WDM?

10.

Distinguish fundamental and higher order solitions.

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1.

PARTB-(5x16=80marks)
11.

(a)

(i)

Explain with a neat diagram the elements of an optical fiber

(10)
transmission link'

(ii)

A multirnode step index fiber with a core diameter of 80 1t m and a

relative index difference of L.57o is operatrng at a rvavelengh of
0.85 /tm. If the core refractive index is 7.48, estimate the
normalized frequency for the fiber and the number of guided modes.
(6)
Or

(b)

(i)

Discuss the evolution of fiber optic comrnunication system.

(ii )

Sketch and explain the electric field distribution

guided modes in symmetrical slab waveguide.

(6)

of the lower order

(6)

(iii) Draw the structures of step index and graded index fibers with

(a.)

(i)

When the mean optical power iaunched into an 8 km length of fiber

is 120 trzW, the mean optical power at the fiber output is 3 4W.

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12

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their typical dimensions.

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Determine
(1) Overall signal attenuation in dBlKm and
(2) The overall signal attenuation for a 10 km optical link using
the same fiber with splices at 1 km intervals, each giving an
(6)
attenuation of 1 dB.
Explain with suitable diagrams the different mechanisms that
(10)
contribute to attenuation in optical fibers.
Or

(i)

Discuss in detail intramodai dispersion with relevant expressions

(10)
and diagrams.

13.

(a)

(b)

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(b)

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(ii)

(6)

(ii)

Write a brief note on designoptimization of single mode fibers.

(i)

Draw and explain the LED structures based Double Hetero

(8)
structure configuration.

(ii )

Discuss the principle of operation of Laser diodes. What are the

(8)
effects of temperature on the performanceof a laser diode?
Or

(i)

Explain the different lensing schemes available to improve the

(8)
power couplingefficiency.

(ii )

Explain the fiber splicing techniques with necessarydiagrams.

(8)

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14. (a,

(i)

A silicon p-i-n photodiode incorporated into an optical receiver has a

quantum efficiency of 60Vo at a wavelength of O.gpm. The dark
current is 3 nA and load resistance is 4 KQ. The incident optical
power is 200 nw and the receiver bandwidth is 5 MHz. Determine
(1)

mean square quantum noise current,

(2)

mean square dark current and

(3)

mean square thermai noise current at a temperature of 20"C.

(8)
(ii)

Draw and explain the operation of APD.

(8)

Or
Discuss the different noise sources and disturbances in the optical
pulse detectionmechanism.
(G)

(ii )

Derive an expression for the bit error rate of an opticai digrtal

(10)
receiver.

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Expiain the significance of link power budget and rise time budget with
(16)
one illustration for each.

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1 5 . (a)

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(b) (i)

Explain the principle of operation of Erbium doped fiber amplifier.

(10)

(ii)

Give a brief account of the principies of SONET.

(6)

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(i)

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(b)

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Or

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