Patiala - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Coordinates: 30.34N 76.38E

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Royal patiala Patiala (Punjabi: ) is a city in southeastern Punjab, in northern India. It is the fourth
largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of Patiala district. Patiala is located around the Qila
Mubarak (the Fortunate Castle). It was constructed by militiamen Sardar Lakhna and Baba Ala Singh in
1763. Lakhna stated that "Ala Singh will be sitting ruler while I should be the standing ruler of the state".[3]

Patiala

City

Patiala is an Indian National Congress stronghold. In popular culture, the city remains famous for its
traditional turban (a type of headgear), paranda (a tasselled tag for braiding hair), patiala salwar (a type
of female trousers), jutti (a type of footwear) and Patiala peg (a measure of liquor).[3]

Moti Bagh Palace, Patiala now

houses the National Institute of
Sports

The first Indian astronaut, Rakesh Sharma, was born in Patiala.[4][5]

Moti Bagh Palace, Patiala now houses the National

Institute of Sports

1 Geography
2 History

Punjab

3 Education
4 Tourist attractions
4.1 Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib
4.2 Gurdwara Moti Bagh Sahib
4.3 Bahadurgarh Fort
4.4 Qila Mubarak Complex
4.5 Sheesh Mahal

Patiala

4.6 Baradari Gardens

4.7 National Institute of Sports
5 Sporting venues and gardens
6 Governance

Coordinates: 30.34N 76.38E

7 Demographics
8 Culture and traditions
9 District administration
10 Transport
11 Entertainment
12 Notable people

Country
State
District

India
Punjab
Patiala

Established
Founded by
Named for

1754
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
Baba Ala Singh

Government
Type
Body

13 Sister cities
14 See also
15 References
16 External links

Patiala is located at 30.32N 76.40E.[6] It has an average elevation of 250 metres (820 feet). During the
short existence of PEPSU, Patiala served as its capital city. During the reign of Maharajas, Patiala state
extended from Narnaul, Hissar in Haryana to Kandaghat and Chail in Himachal pradesh.

It was ruled by Jat ruler Maharaja Narendra Singh (18451862) who fortified the city of Patiala by
constructing ramparts and ten gates around it:

Deputy
Commissioner
Mayor
Municipal
Commissioner
Senior
Superintendent
of Police

Democratic
Municipal Corporation of
Patiala
Priyank Bharti
Amarinder Singh Bajaj
Manjit Singh Narang
Hardial Singh Mann

Area[1]
Total

131.25 sq mi (339.9 km2)

Elevation[2]

1,150 ft (350 m)

Population (2011)
Total
Density

850,987
6,500/sq mi (2,500/km2)

Darshani gate Main entrance of Qila Mubarak

Sheranwala gate

Demonym

Patialvi

Lahori gate

Safabadi gate

Nabha gate

Sunami gate

Languages
Official

Punjabi

Samana gate

Top Khana Gate

Time zone

IST (UTC+5:30)

Sirhindi gate

Ghalori Gate

PIN
Telephone code

147XXX
Patiala: 91-(0)175, Rajpura:
91-(0)1762, Samana:
91-(0)1764, Nabha: 91-(0)1765
& Amloh: 91-(0)1768
IN-Pb
PB-11

The royal house is now headed by His Highness Maharajadhiraj Captain Amarinder Singh, Mahendra
Bahadur of Patiala who also served as the Chief Minister of Punjab from 2002 to 2007. The royals are
considered cultural and political icons in Patiala.
Maharaja Karam singh who ruled from 1813 to 1845 (the Sikh Kingdom of Patiala in Punjab) was also
known as a traitor. He joined the British East India Company and helped the British during the First Anglo
Sikh wars against the Sikh Empire of Maharajah Ranjit Singh of Punjab which was larger and extended

ISO 3166 code

Vehicle
registration
Largest city

Patiala

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from Tibet Kashmir, plains of Punjab to Peshawar near the Afghan borders.

HDI
HDI Category
Literacy

0.860
very high
84.39%

Website
patiala.nic.in
Since Indian independence in 1947, Patiala has emerged as a major education centre in the state of Punjab.
(http://Patiala.nic.in/)
The city houses the prestigious Yadavindra Public School, set up by His Late Highness Maharajadhiraj
Yadavindra Singh in 1948 which is now among the top run schools of the country, Thapar University,
The city of Patiala comprises as a Princely State and a Heritage City
[7]Punjabi University,[8] Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law,[9] General Shivdev Singh Diwan
Gurbachan Singh Khalsa College,[10] Mohindra College, Multani Mal Modi College, Rajindra Hospital, Government
Medical College, Patiala, Government College for Girls, and Govt. Bikram College of Commerce,[11] one of the premier
commerce colleges in northern India.

Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports, Patiala is a sports hub of north India. Rajiv Gandhi National University of
Law, Patiala[12] was the first national law school of north region established under Punjab Government Act of 2006.
Patiala city has many playgrounds, including the Raja Bhalindra Sports Complex, more commonly known as Polo Ground
on Lower Mall Road, which houses an indoor stadium. Other sports facilities include Yadavindra Sports Stadium for
athletics, Rink Hall for roller skating, and National Institute of Sports, Patiala.

Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib

It is situated very close to Bus Stand, Patiala. According to local tradition, supported by an old handwritten document
preserved in the Gurdwara, one Bhag Ram, a jhivar of Lehal, waited upon ninth guru of Sikhs Guru Tegh Bahadur during
his sojourn at Saifabad (now Bahadurgarh), and made the request that he might be pleased to visit and bless his village
so that its inhabitants could be rid of a serious and mysterious sickness which had been their bane for a long time. The
Guru visited Lehal on Magh sudi 5, 1728 Bikram/24 January 1672 and stayed under a banyan tree by the side of a
pond.[1] The sickness in the village subsided. The site where Guru Tegh Bahadur had sat came to be known as Dukh
Nivaran, literally meaning eradicator of suffering. Devotees have faith in the healing qualities of water in the sarovar
attached to the shrine. It is still believed that any kind of illness can be cured by 'ishnaan' on 5 consecutive panchmi

Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala.

Gurdwara Moti Bagh Sahib

GURUDWARA SHRI MOTI BAAG SAHIB is situated in the Patiala City. When SHRI GURU TEG BAHADUR
Rajindra Kothi, Patiala located in the
SAHIB JI started his journey towards Delhi, he came here via Kiratpur Sahib, Bharatgarh Sahib, Roap Makar,
Baradari Gardens, now a heritage hotel
Kabulpur etc. Saint Saif Ali Khan was great follower of GURU SAHIB, To fullfill his wish GURU SAHIB came to his
Place Saifabad (Bahadur Garh). GURU SAHIB stayed here for 3 Months. Saif Ali Khan Served GURU SAHIB with
great Devotion. In day time GURU SAHIB used to meditate on the Place inside the Qila(Fort) and used to come here in the night time. From here GURU SAHIB
left towards Samana, GURU SAHIB took rest for some time this place. From here GURU SAHIB left towards Samana and stayed in the Haveli of Muhamad
Bakhsish. From there onwards GURU SAHIB left towards Cheeka Via Karhali, Balbera.

Bahadurgarh Fort
The Bahadurgarh Fort is 6 kilometres away from Patiala city. It is situated on the Patiala-Chandigarh road. The fort was constructed by Nawab Saif Khan in
1658 A.D and later renovated by a Sikh ruler Maharaja Karam Singh in 1837. The construction of the entire fort was completed in eight years. A sum of ten lakh
rupees was spent on its construction. It covers an area of 2 km2. The fort is enclosed within two rounded walls and a moat. The circumference of the fort is
slightly over two kilometres. The name Bahadurgarh fort was given by Maharaja Karam Singh as a tribute to the Sikh Guru Teg Bahadur who stayed here for
three months and nine days before leaving for Delhi. The fort consist of a historical Gurdwara Sahib (a Sikh temple) named Gurdwara Sahib Patshai Nauvin.This
Gurudwara shows fine Sikh architecture. This gurudwara is controlled by the Shiromini Gurdwara Prabhandak Committee. People visit this gurdwara on the
occasion of the festival of Baisakhi on 13 April, every year.

Qila Mubarak Complex

The Qila Mubarak complex stands on a 10-acre ground in the heart of the city and contains the main palace or Qila Androon (literally, 'inner fort'), the
guesthouse or Ran Baas and the Darbar Hall. Outside the Qila are the Darshani Gate, a Shiva temple, and bazaar shops which border the streets that run around
the Qila and sell precious ornaments, colourful hand-woven fabrics, 'jootis' and bright 'Parandis'.
It was the principal residence of the Patiala royals until the construction of Old Moti Bagh Palace.
The entrance is through an imposing gate. The architectural style of the palace is a synthesis of late Mughal and Rajasthani. The complex has 10 courtyards along
the north-south axis. Each courtyard is unique in size and character, some being broad, others very small and others mere slits in the fabric of building. Though
the Androon is a single interconnected building, it is spoken of as a series of palaces. Each set of rooms makes a cluster around a courtyard, and each carries a
name: Topkhana, Qila Mubarak, Sheesh Mahal, Treasury and Prison. Ten of the rooms are painted with frescoes or decorated intricately with mirror and gilt.
In a tiny portion of the complex is a little British construction with Gothic arches, fireplaces made of marble and built-in toilets perched on the Mughal
Rajasthani roof. Burj Baba Ala Singh has a fire smoldering ever since the time of Baba Ala Singh, along with a flame brought by him from Jwalaji. Every year its
decorated beautifully for the Heritage Festival.

Sheesh Mahal
A part of the Old Moti Bagh Palace built in the 19th century by the Maharajas is the famous Sheesh Mahal, literally meaning the Palace of Mirrors. The mahal
contains a large number of frescoes, most of which were made under His Highness Maharaja Narinder Singh. A lake in front of the palace adds to the beauty.
Lakshman Jhula, a bridge built across the lake, is a famous attraction. A museum housing the largest collection of medals from the world collected by His
Highness Maharaja Bhupinder Singh is here.

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Currently the museum along with the main building is closed for public viewing because of renovation. However, tourists can access the surroundings of the
Mahal along with the Lakshman Jhula.

Baradari Gardens
The Baradari Gardens are in the north of old Patiala city, just outside Sheranwala Gate. The garden complex, set up during the reign of Maharaja Rajindera
Singh, has extensive vegetation of rare trees, shrubs, and flowers dotted with impressive Colonial buildings and a marble statue of Maharaja Rajindera Singh. It
was built as a royal residence with a cricket stadium, a skating rink and a small palace set in its heart named Rajindera Kothi.
After extensive restoration it opened as a heritage hotel run by Neemrana Hotels group in 2009. It is Punjab's first heritage hotel. It is near Press Club Patiala.
Press Club Patiala was established in 2006 and now headed by Parveen Komal, president.[13]

National Institute of Sports

Founded in 1961, Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports (NIS) is Asia's largest sports institute in princely city of Patiala. The institute was renamed as Netaji
Subhas National Institute of Sports in January 1973.
NIS is housed in the Old Moti Bagh palace of erstwhile royal family of Patiala, which was purchased by government of India after Indian Independence. Today,
several sport memorabilia, like a hass (doughnut shaped exercise disc), weighing 95 kg, used by the Great Gama for squats, Major Dhyan Chand's gold medal,
from 1928 Amsterdam Olympics, and PT Usha 1986 Seoul Asiad shoes, are housed at the National Institute of Sports Museum.[14]

Patiala is home to numerous inter-state sporting teams in tournaments like Black Elephants. The city has facilities for cricket, swimming, shooting, skating and
hockey. The city has stadiums such as Dhruv Pandove Ground and other venues such as Yadavindra Public School, Raja Bhalinder Stadium and National
Institute of Sports.
The latest addition to sports is the state-of-the-art shotgun shooting ranges housing New Moti Bagh Gun Club at village Maine. Founded by the royal family of
Patiala, these ranges are home to the Indian Shotgun Shooting team who routinely trains here. It has recently hosted the 2nd Asian Shotgun Championship.[15]

Patiala Municipal Corporation (PMC) is the local body responsible for governing, developing and managing the city. (PMC) is further divided into 50 municipal
wards. Patiala Development Authority (PDA) is an agency responsible for planning and development of the greater Patiala Metropolitan Area, which is revising
the Patiala Master Plan and Building Bylaws. Patiala Development Department, a special department of the Government of Punjab, has been recently formed
for overall development.
Patiala consists of three assembly constituencies: Patiala Urban, Patiala Rural, Sanaur.

As per provisional data of 2011 census Patiala city had a population of 850,987. The literacy rate was 84.39% per cent.[16]
As of 2001 India census,[17] Patiala had a population of 303,151. Males constituted 54% of the population, and females 46%. Patiala had an average literacy rate
of 81%, higher than the national average of 64.9%. In Patiala, 10% of the population was under 5 years of age.

Patiala's sway over the Malwa area extended beyond merely political influence. Patiala was equally the set of religious
and cultural life. Educationally, Patiala was in the forefront. Patiala was the first town in this part of the country to have a
degree college the Mohindra College in 1870.
Patiala has seen the evolution of a distinct style of architecture. Borrowing from the Rajput style, its beauty and elegance
are moulded according to the local traditions.
With the active patronage of the Maharajas of Patiala, a well-established style
of Hindustani music called the "Patiala Gharana" came into existence and has
held its own up to the present times. This school of music has had a number of
Phulkari from Patiala
famous musicians, many of whom came to Patiala after the disintegration of
the Mughal Court at Delhi in the 18th century. At the turn of the century, Ustad
Ali Bux was the most renowned exponent of this Gharana. Later, his sons Ustad Akhtar Hussain Khan and Ustad Bade
Ghulam Ali Khan achieved world wide fame and brought glory to the Patiala Gharana.

Phul Cinema on the Mall facing the

Fountain Chowk is built in Art Deco style

After partition of British India, Muslims were forced to flee the city en masses to Pakistan, while many refugees
migrated from Pakistan and settled on the Muslim properties in Patiala. The then Maharaja of Patiala, His Highness
Yadavindra Singh, Rajpramukh of PEPSU with his wife Her Highness Maharani Mohinder Kaur organised a large
number of camps and worked tirelessly for the people.

The Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service, is the overall in-charge of the General Administration in the district. He is
assisted by a number of officers belonging to Punjab Civil Service and other Punjab state services.
The brand-new Mini Secretariat on Nabha Road, which houses all the major offices including that of the DC and the SSP, was completed in record time, owing to
the initiative of the member of parliament of Patiala and local administration.

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In India, an Inspector General (IG) of Police is a two-star rank of the Indian Police Service. The ranks above this are Additional Director General (Addl.DG) and
Director General (DG) of police. In Patiala, joint commissioner's are at the rank of DIG and only additional commissioner's are at the rank of IG.
The Senior Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service, is responsible for maintaining law and order and related issues in the
district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Police Service and other Punjab Police officials.
The Divisional Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the Indian Forest Service, is responsible for the management of the Forests, Environment and Wild-Life in
the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Forest Service and other Punjab Forest officials and Punjab Wild-Life officials.
Sectoral development is looked after by the district head officer of each development department such as PWD, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal
husbandry, etc. These officers are from Punjab state services.

Patiala has one of the highest number of vehicles per capita in India.[18] Wide, well-maintained roads and parking spaces are all over the city.
It is connected to cities like Ambala, Chandigarh, Amritsar, Delhi etc. by road. Patiala is well connected to cities like Ludhiana, Jalandhar and Amritsar, on NH 1
via State Highway no. 8 till Sirhind, which is on NH 1. Patiala is well connected to Delhi by road as well as by rail. NH 64 (Zirakpur Patiala Sangrur
Bhatinda) connects Patiala with Rajpura (on NH 1 and very well connected to Delhi) and Zirakpur (near Chandigarh). Patiala has both a railway station and
Patiala Airport, which is not operational. The nearest domestic airport is Chandigarh Airport, which is approximately 62 km from the city.
Patiala is connected by road to all the major towns.
Distance between the major towns and Patiala:
Ambala - 51 km
Chandigarh 67 km
Ludhiana 93 km
Jalandhar 155 km
Bathinda - 156 km
Shimla 173 km
Delhi 233 km
Amritsar 235 km
Agra 437 km
Jaipur 454 km
Lucknow 669 km
Mumbai 1627 km
Kolkata 1637 km

Patiala is home to numerous inter state sporting teams like Black Elephant Cricket Club in the Domestic Cricket. The city has following single screen cinema
halls: Phul, Malwa, Capital. While it has malls and multiplexes like SRS Omaxe mall, Tagore Multiplex, City Multiplex Mall, Kaintal Mall are proposed.

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Name

Occupation

Mahendra Singh of Patiala

Maharaja of Princely State Patiala

Maharaja Rajinder Singh

Maharaja of Princely State Patiala]

Bhupinder Singh

Grandfather of Captain Amarinder Singh and Maharaja of Princely State Patiala

Yadavindra Singh

Father of Captain Amarinder Singh and Cricketer

Mohinder Kaur

Rajmata of Patiala and Mother of Captain Amarinder Singh

Captain Amarinder Singh

29th Chief Minister of Punjab

Preneet Kaur

MP & Minister of State for External Affairs (Central Govt. under PM Manmohan Singh)

Bibi Amtus Salam

Social Worker

Pawan Kumar Bansal

four times MP, Union Minister of India (twice)

Surjit Singh Rakhra

Member of Lagislative Assembly

Dalip Kaur Tiwana

Punjabi writer

Damandeep Singh Baggan

Dub-Over Voice Actor

Roopinder Singh

Asst Editor, The Tribune & a writer

Harpal Tiwana

Actor, Writer and director

Abhinav Bindra

the first Indian to win an individual gold medal at the Olympics

Gul Panag

Actor

Gugu Gill

Actor

Samiksha

Actor

Smeep Kang

Actor, Writer and director

Raninder Singh

President National Rifle Association of India (NRAI)

Bhupinder Singh (musician)

Singer and musician

Madan Puri

Actor

Amrish Puri

Actor

Om Puri

Actor

Jimmy Shergill

Actor

Binnu Dhillon

Actor

Gulzar Inder Chahal

Actor and Cricketer

Gavie Chahal

Actor

Rakesh Sharma

The first Indian and 138th person to travel in space

Satwinder Bitti

Famous female Punjabi singer

Harbhajan Mann

Punjabi singer and actor

Mika Singh

Punjabi singer and actor

Dilshad Khan

husband of Parveen Sultana, Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Fateh Ali Khan

Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Hamid Ali Khan

Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Jagdish Prasad

Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Johar Ali Khan

Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Kaushiki Chakrabarty

daughter of Ajoy Chakraborty, Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Lakshmi Shankar

Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Munawar Ali Khan

son of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Nirmala Devi

Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Parveen Sultana

Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Raza Ali Khan

grandson of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Sanjukta Ghosh

Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Shafqat Amanat Ali

Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer

Mohammad Hussain Sarahang from Afghanistan Member of Patiala Gharana and Singer
Daler Mehandi

Punjabi singer

Pammi Bai

Punjabi Singer

Malkit Singh

Punjabi Singer

Vinaypal Buttar

Punjabi Singer

Rana Ranbir

Comedian, writer and actor

Navjot Singh Sidhu

Former cricketer, actor, commentator and politician

Mohinder Amarnath

Cricketer

Sandeep Sharma

Cricketer

Sarabjit Ladda

Cricketer

Inderbir Singh Sodhi

Cricketer

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Ravi Inder Singh

Cricketer

Jiwanjot Singh

Cricketer

Deepak Thakur

Hockey Player

Heena Sidhu

Shooter

Kamal Khan (singer)

Singer

Navneet Kaur Dhillon

Femina Miss India 2013

Patalia has the following sister cities:

Milwaukee, United States[19]

Patiala and East Punjab States Union

Chandigarh
Mohali
Panchkula
Rajpura
Fatehgarh Sahib
Mandi Gobindgarh
List of twin towns and sister cities in India

1. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990" (http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html). United States Census Bureau. 12 February 2011. Retrieved
23 April 2011.
2. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names" (http://geonames.usgs.gov). United States Geological Survey. 25 October 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2008.
3. ^ a b "History of Patiala" (http://patiala.nic.in/html/history.htm#introduction). Official Website of District Patiala. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
4. ^ "U.S. and Russian Human Spaceflights, 1961-Sep. 30, 1995" (http://history.nasa.gov/presrep95/c1b.htm). NASA. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
5. ^ "Biographies of International Astronauts" (http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/sharma_rakesh.htm). SpaceFacts. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
6. ^ "Falling Rain Genomics, Inc Patiala" (http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/23/Patiala.html).
7. ^ http://www.thapar.edu
8. ^ http://universitypunjabi.org
9. ^ http://www.rgnulpatiala.org
10. ^ http://www.khalsacollegepatiala.org
11. ^ http://www.gbcpatiala.org
12. ^ rgnulpatilala.org
13. ^ "Fort right" (http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090806/ttlife1.htm). The Tribune. 6 August 2009.
14. ^ NIS
15. ^ http://thenrai.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=323
16. ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2
/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
17. ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)" (http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http:
//www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999). Census Commission of India. Archived from the original (http://www.censusindia.net/results
/town.php?stad=A&state5=999) on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
18. ^ Top Ten Towns with Highest Nos. of Car Ownership in India (http://www.mapsofindia.com/top-ten-cities-of-india/top-ten-highest-no-of-car-ownership.html)
19. ^ "Presentation on the City of Patiala, India relative to establishing a friendly exchange leading to a sister city relationship with the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee,
given by Dr. Pradeep K. Rohatgi." (http://milwaukee.legistar.com/MeetingDetail.aspx?ID=173633&GUID=9230474B-A34F-4360-974A-DF7F0EF0E344&Search=)
(Sister cities commitee meeting minutes). City of Milwaukee. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 2012-01-04.

Patiala travel guide from Wikivoyage

Official Website of Patiala (http://patiala.nic.in/)
Official Website of Media (http://pressclubpatiala.com/index.php)
Facebook fan page of Patialvis (http://www.facebook.com/patialatheroyalcity)
Website of international shayri/poetry (http://azadshayri.com/)

Wikimedia Commons has

media related to Patiala.
Wikisource has the text of
the 1911 Encyclopdia
Britannica article Patiala.

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