ACTA MECHANICA SINICA, Vol.

10, No:l, February 1994

Science Press, Beijing, China
Allerton Press, INC., New York, U.S.A.

ISSN 0567-7718

HIGHER-ORDER ANALYSIS OF NEAR-TIP FIELDS

AROUND AN INTERFACIAL CRACK BETWEEN
TWO DISSIMILAR POWER LAW HARDENING MATERIALS*
Xia Lin ( ~ )

Wang Tzuchiang (~E ~ ~ )

(LNM, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China)

By means of an asymptotic expansion method of a regular series,
an exact higher-order analysis has been carried out for the near-tip fields of an interfacial crack between two different elastic-plastic materials. The condition of plane
strain is invoked. Two group of solutions have been obtained for the crack surface
conditions: (1) traction freeand (2) frictionless contact, respectively. It is found that
along the interface ahead of crack tip the stress fields are co-order continuous while
the displacement fields are cross-order continuous. The zone of dominance of the
asymptotic solutions has been estimated.
ABSTRACT:

KEY WORDS:

interfacial crack, elastic-plastic, near-tip fields, higher-order asymp-

totic analysis

I. I N T R O D U C T I O N
Up to now, the elastic problems in interface fracture mechanics have been widely investigated. A detailed review of its advances can be found in Ruhle et al. [1]. By comparison,
less work has been done for the elastic-plastic problems.
Recently Shih and Asaro [u-5] have made some numerical finite element analyses of the
near-tip fields, for elastic-plastic interracial crack, and found that the asymptotic behaviors
of the near-tip fields directly depend on the lower hardening material. As r approaches zero,
the behaviors of interracial crack are much more similar to those of the crack lying along
the interface between a plastic solid and rigid substrate. They finally obtained a nearly
separable form of near-tip fields of the H R R type.
Wang[ 6] presented an exact asymptotic analysis for a crack lying on the interface between an elastic-plastic material and an elastic material. A separable singular stress field
of the H R R type has been found. These solutions only correspond to the certain mixity
parameter M p. Some other advances in this field can be found in Gao and Lou [7].
Based on the work of Wang [6], Xia and Wang Is] not only extensively analyzed the
interracial crack problem with the traction vanishing on crack surfaces and obtained the
full-continuons, separable form of solutions of the H R R type, but also obtained the similar solutions with the frictionless contact of crack surfaces. Furthermore, for any given
mixity p a r a m e t e r value M p the solution of the H R R type has been found with the weak
discontinuity of the third-order derivative.
Received 28 January, 1993, revised '23 July, 1993
* The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA

28

1994

As for the interfacial crack problem with the frictionless contact of the crack surfaces,
Xia and Wang [9] have also made a high-order asymptotic analysis for its near tip fields.
Aravas and Sharma[ 1~ also got some results in this aspect.
In this paper an asymptotic expansion method of regular series was introduced to
implement the high-order analysis of the near-tip fields for the interfacial crack in elasticplastic power-law hardening bimaterials. Two different solutions in separable form have been
obtained: Among them, one corresponds to the traction free condition of the crack surfaces,
and another one corresponds to the frictionless contact condition of the crack surfaces. Our
results indicated t h a t along the interface ahead of crack tip, the stress fields are co-order
continuous while the displacement fields are cross-order continuous.
Using the high-order asymptotic solutions obtained here, the rational zone has been
estimated in which the solutions in separable form of asymptotic series dominate.

II. BASIC EQUATIONS

Fig. 1 shows an interfacial crack between two materials. These two materials are all elastic-plastic powerlaw hardening materials but with different hardening
properties. Under the plane strain condition their constitutive relations can be written as

/
,/
/
(

~-~
X\

material

Yo ~ / / ~

Dt r ,
where a o - - min{aol, Cro2} is the smaller one of the
yield stresses of two materials. E and u are the Young's
modulus and Poisson's ratio, respectively, n is hardening exponent: & can be expressed by the hardening

]
/

Fig.1 Interface crack tip region

coefficient a, i.e. 61
C~l(ffo/ffol) nl-1 for upper part, and 62 = a 2 ( a o / a o 2 ) n 2 - 1 for lower
part. All properties mentioned abvove will take different values for upper material 1 and
lower material 2. respectively, i.e. (El, vl, nl, 61) and (E2, v2, n2, 62).
In (2.1),
1
=

aoo = cr,, - - ao

P~,~ = aB,~ - ~oop6~,~

where r = - ( 1 - v ) v ~ ( 1
v ) 2 in the asymptotic sense; cre is the effective stress. For our
high-order analysis it is accurate enough to write the effective stress in the following form
ere = 1 4 ( 0 " ,

0"0)2+ 3"r20

(2.2)

Note that Greek letters are used for subscript indices running over 1, 2.
The stresses can be expressed in terms of the stress functions

i {0r

1 02r

02r
go = Or 2

~-ro= - N t - ; N /

(2.3)

Vol.lO, No.1

Xia & Wang: Higher-Order Analysis of Near-Tip Fields

29

where r = ~)/L 2 is the nondimensional stress function, r = ~/L is the nondimensional radial
coordinate. A n d L is the characteristic length of crack.
Let

r = aogr2r

O)

(2.4)

we have

ao = a o K ( 2 r + 3r
T~O = croK[-((~ +

(2.5)

+ r

D
0
where (') = _2_(), (') -- _h__~,( ) .

Op

OU

dp
a = r-dr

(2.6)

Suppose
7_ ~

(2.7)

Ckp k _.= c i p + c2p 2 + c3p 3 + ...

k=,

and

r = 1F.(O) + Fo(O) + pF~(O)+ p2F2(O) +

(2.8)

. . .

Therefore, stresses can be written as

crz,y = aoK{~b~,y. + b~,yo + b~,y1 + ...}

(2.9)

where
~ro : & + (2 -- e l ) F ,

(2.102)

ao. = (2 - ci)(1 - c i ) F ,

~0.=

- ( 1 - el)P,

~ o = F, + 2Fo - c2F,

(2.10b)

a0o = 2F0 + (Cl - 3)c2F,

~ 1 = F1 + (2 + r

- c3F,

(2.i0c)

~o~ = (2 + cl)(1 + c i ) F i - 3c3F,

e~01=

- ( i + el)F1 + c3&

Substituting (2.9) into (2.2) yields an expression for the effective stress

( ~ I ~= K21--y~
p~. . .2.

+ (p~o +

p~

p~o~ +

.-.)]

(2.ii)

30

1994

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA

where

. = ~ ( ~ . - 5.o.

a,o = 2[~(5.~. - 5.e.)(a~o - 5.eo) +,3"~ro.~Oo]

3 _

-2

3_

5.el ---- ~(O-ro -- GrOo) + 37-;0 o qL 2 [ ~ ( g r .

3

_ (To.)(t:Trl

(2.12)

-- ~81 ) -~- 3 T r s . Trel}

5.,z = 2[a(a~. - qe.)(ara - qo=) + 3r~o.r~o=

+3(&o

- 5.eo)(a~ - 5 . < ) + 3~rOo~O,]

As r --~ 0, the q u a n t i t y in parentheses is much Smaller than the first t e r m in (2.11), so

that

) n--1

Kn_ 1

~re
~o
where

pn--1

(A, + h o p + h , p 2 + ...)

(2.13)

A. = (5.~.)(n-1)/~

n - 1 , - 2 ,(n-3)/2 ~
Ao = - - ~ ( a ~ . )
a~o
A1 =

(n - 1)(n - 3) =2 ,(n-5)/2=2
~1
_
_
_
8
(~
~176+ - - ( c r e 2 * ) ( ~ 3)/2(~r

(2.14)

F r o m (2.1), we can get the strains

~ o K ._r
cn ~ -- -~P (en~ * + pen~
"r ~ + p 2 ~~ ,

- K n
+ ...) + acro
- - ~ T n (r-p

+ p~V~,~o + p2gP3,n + ...)

(2.15)

(/=.,

(2.16)

where

~~., = (1 + . ) ( 5 . ~ , - ~ . . 5 . . , , )
vt-bl

gp

~.

zP

= -~<

.p
er~ =

0,1)

~*

3"'~- ~ ~-1 .~
= - - f - - g ~ ,(o'~. - 5"e.)

(2.17a)

3-~ . . . .
4

1 .
g ~ 2rre.

gPo = -g~o = Al(5.,-o- 5.~o) + A2rreo

(2.17b)

~p
A2 "or
C~eo = -~-(%o - 5.eo) + AaGeo
zP
~p

evS1

"~

(2.17c)
~--~( ~

- &e~) + A3~e~ + Be

where ~ and coefficients A1, A2, Aa, B1, B2 are given in A p p e n d i x A.

T h e strain compatibility equation is
i 02
1 02
1 0
2 02
r Or 2 (ree) + - ~ - ~ f f e r - r-~re~ - r 2 cOroo(re~e) = 0
S u b s t i t u t i n g (2.15) into (2.18), we can obtain the governing equations of all orders

(2.18)

Xia

Vol.lO, No.1
1

(1) ~-~:
pn-l

Wang: Higher-Order Analysis of Near-Tip Fields

2)grP.

o~=P
r. - ncl(ncl

1
(2)

&

2(1

- n c l ) e r-P
e.

= 0

(2.19)

"=P . (n . 1)Cl[(n
~rO
.
. 1)Cl . 2]ErP0-- 211 -- (n

= n[(2n
1

':P

(3) pn-2:

1)clc2 - 2c2]gP~. --

( n - - 2)c1[(n

= {2nc3[(n

3)
.

+ ( n . 1)[c1(2n
.

-P
1)Cl]Er00

2 n c 2 c "P
re *

(2.20)

2)cl -- 2]EPl -- 211

1)cl - 1] +

nc2(n

(n

-P

1)}g~.

2]c2~Po
re.
.
. 2 n c 3 ~-P
-

31

2(n

1)e2r-P

(2.21)

In addition , there is a t e r m whic~a is related with the elasticity of the material:

1
.=e
(2.22)
(4) - :
~ . + Clg~. - c1(1 - c l ) g $ . - 2(1 - cl)E~s
-~ *
P
(2.22) will be added to the right side of the governing equation of the order 1 after
P
divided by ( ~ K n - 1 .
T h e b o u n d a r y conditions have two different cases:
(1) Traction free condition on the crack face

aele=~=~ = 0

~-~ela=+ ~ = 0

(2.23)

(2) Frictionless contact condition on the crack face

(2.24)

T h e traction continuity on interface requires

0 = 0

(2.25)

And the displacement continuity on interface requires

(2.26)

(~

- 2~

- 2a~'~)l~=+

0 - (~

- 2~

- 2~'~)1~__

o = 0

Eqs.(2.19)-(2.26) comprise the governing equations for the a s y m p t o t i c expansion.

III. SOLUTION

OF GOVERNING

EQUATIONS

It is noted that, our analysing m e t h o d is only suitable to the cases where b o t h nl and
n2 take integer values. In w h a t follows a interfacial crack p r o b l e m with nl -- 5, n2 = 3 will
be investigated in detail.
For the first-order near-tip field, its governing equation is (2.19), in which n = nl
within 0 _< 0 < ~r while n = n2 in 0 < 0 < 7r. T h e corresponding b o u n d a r y condition on
crack faces can be expressed by the stress function as
(1) Traction free
F.(+r) =/~.(
= 0
(3.1a)

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1994

A C T A M E C H A N I C A SINICA

(2)

Frictionless c o n t a c t

A(+~)

= ~,(~)

= 0

F,(~) = F,(-.)

< 0

(3.1b)

T h e t r a c t i o n continuity on the interface

_~,- (o)

P+(O) = _#,-(o)

(3.2)

T h e displacement continuity on the interface

g~. [0=+o = 0

[ ~ . - 2(1 - n z c l ) g ~ o . l l e = +

(3.3)

o = 0

The solution of the first-order near-tip fields has been obtained by Xia and W a n g Is]
using the normalization max{5~. } = 1, shown in Fig.2(a) and Fig.3(a), .The results proved
t h a t the singular exponent Cl is determined by the lower hardening material (i.e. the material
with larger n), i.e. Cl -- 1 / ( n l + 1).
I

/L

t g/r:
1.!

a0

!:, /"

'J

o
1,5

'"" ~'~'~

~E

tO00

~-

/
-

9l

\..... /

--0.5
180

--

I
100

i00

-- 180 -- 100

180

100

180

'

T h e f i r s t - o r d e r stress field

I
.... . ,. "'": .!,
"',,,

0.5

,~

x\/~,\\
-

II
II
0

. (b) T h e s e c o n d - o r d e r stress field( I )

180

(C) T h e second order s t r e s s field (2)

= 3, M p

-~

0.937284

0,51

I
.. ......

......

Y /\
\~,,,
t'~ / \/ \

Y 11.

0.5

"~

:t ,, V!

7 ;

'(t

E~

o.5F

-0.5

IJ

]
-

100 ~

'

I/
II
II
II

I
- 100

- ~80

Fig.2 Traction free condition on the crack faces nl ---5, n 2

II

(?

(a)

0.5

' ;'

100C

"]

180

- I00

100

180

-- 1 8 0

-- I 0 0

lO0

lSJJ

-11
. 180

a r2

-- 100

I
IUO

180

(a) T h e first-order stress field( 1 )

(b)

The second-0rder stress field(I)

(c) The second-order stress field( 2

Fig.3 Frictionless contact condition on the crack faces nl -- 5, n2 ----3, M p -- -0.515412

Vol.10, No.1

Xia & Wang: Higher-Order Analysis of Near-Tip Fields

33

Fig.2(a) and Fig.3(a) correspond to the ~raction free Condition and frictionless contact condition on the crack faces, respectively. Their mixity parameters are MoPpen =
0.937284 and M~o~t~t = -0.515412. (The mixity parameter is defined by Shih[i3]: M p =
2 t g _ 1 [ 5"0(0) "~
\~0(0)/
The analogous analysis can be carried out for the second-order near-tip fields. Its
governing equation is (2.20). Here n -- ni in the upper part and n = n2 in the lower part.
The boundary conditions on the crack faces and the traction continuity conditions on
the interface are the same as (3.1a), (3.1b) and (3.2) except that F. is replaced by F0.
The second-order displacement continuity on the interface is
(3,4)
{e~o - 211 - (n 1

1)cl~P00 -4- 2nlC2grO.}[O=+O = 0

Through a simple analysis, we find that, the solutions of the second-order fields are
c2(ni + 1) times as large as those of the first order fields, i.e.
(3.5)

~.~. = c2(ni + 1)5~n.

However, the situation becomes relatively complicated for the third-order near-tip
fields. Using (2.21) and (2.22) directly yields the governing equation
0<8<~

D1/~I + D2-Pl + D3F~ + D4Fi +D5F~ = c 3 D a

D I F i + D2Fi + D3[~1 + D4/71 + D5Fi = c3Da

1
C~2Kn2_ I Db

(3.6)
~<0<0

where the coefficients Da to Ds, Da and Db are the functions of F. and its corresponding
derivatives, given in Appendix A.
The boundary conditions of the third-order fields are
(1) Traction free
(3.7)
P~(

= o

(2) Frictionless contact

Pl(+~) = 0
FI(~) = F l ( - ~ ) < 0
C~Ig n i

E1

f -p

~1

- 211 - (n~ - 2)cdgL1 + 2(nl - 1)c2gPoo +2nlc3gPo. } 10=~

C~2g n 2

:p

E2

[%*

2gP~

rV'.

(3.s)

IU~--Tr

The traction continuity on the interface

Y~+(o) = F ; ( o )
F~(O)

F~-(O)

(3.9)

34

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA

1994

The displacement continuity on the interface

~1Knl
~2 Kn2
E1 (gP~)lo=+o- E2 (gP-)[0--o
6zlgn~ {~P1
E1

(nl-2)Cl]gPt~--2(nl

211

~2 K TM

- 2C0" + 2n2c

1)c2gPr0o+2nlc3g~o.

} Io-.o

(3.10)

C0.]10=_0

(3.10) can be further expressed in ~erms of the stress functions as

alF+(O)
blP:(0)

a2F~-(O) + a3F~(O) = 5~2EIKn2-nla4

&IE2
+ b3P +(0) - b4F; (0) -

c3a5

I
/

(3.10')

2E Kn'-"lb5 + c3b

~lE2

where the coefficients al to a5 and bl to b6 are only associated with the first-order fields.
Their expressions are given in Appendix A.
Similarly, the third equation of (3.8) can be written as

bi~'l(Tr)247

b~Fl(Tr) ---- ~2Elh"n2-mh'-}-C3 b'6

~1E2

~5

(3.11)

where b~ to b~ can be found in Appendix A. Analogous to the method used by Xia and
Wang [14]. we may solve (3.6) (3.11) to get the third-order stress field
_
a~Y1

(~2E1 r ~ " n 2 - - n l ~(1)

g~2

~k

a~l

1
--

(~2Kn2--i

5.(2)
#'~[I

C 5.(3)
--

(3.12)

/~1

where 5.~:~ bears a relationship with the first-order fields

5.(3)

f~'Y1 - -

(nl -- 1)
2

5~.

(3.13)

(1) and 5.(2)

~1
Z~I are shown as in Fig.2(b), (c) and Fig.3(b), (c). Here Figs.2 correspond to the
case when crack faces open freely while Figs.3 the case when crack faces contact each other
without friction.
IV. DISCUSSION

Sum up the computation and analyses of above section, we can obtain the stress field
around the interracial crack tip
o-B.y--o-oK{ [~ -t-c2(nl + 1) - e 3 ~ p ] 5 . B T .

r6~2El~Kn2_n,5(x )
_1
5.(2) ]
PLs---~
~"YI + (~2Kn2--1 ~"YlJ}

(4.1)

where eigenvalue Cl has been determined through the solution of the first-order fields, i.e.
cl - 1/(nl 1). c2 and c3 are two arbitrary coefficients. Their values can be decided by the
comparison with the numerical .full-field solutions of the finite element computations.
Letting both c2 and c3 equal to zero will lead to a simple form of the stress field

Vol.10, No.1

Xia & Wang: Higher-Order Analysis of Near-Tip Fields

[a:E2

~2K~-1

35

/~"rl j

(4.2)

Provided that the elastic moduli of two interface materials are equal to each other, i.e.
E: = E2; furthermore,/21 = u2 = 0.3; a : = (~2 = 0.!; but
r 0"02; n: = 5, n 2 = 3; we have

0"o~

(~:

OL:

= 0.1

:2 = a , (0.~ ~ ~2-1 = 0.1 ( 0"ol~'~2-:

\ 0"02/
\ 0"02/

(4.3)

According to Shih and Asaro [3], the amplitude K is

K=( Jo~l)oeoL)l/(n,+:)

(4.4)

Under the small yielding condition [31

J - AKc/~

(4.5)

where Kc is the complex stress intensity factor, and

A= \

E1

(4.6)

/(2 cosh2~re)

As mentioned above, we have assumed that E : = E2, P:

----- //2.

Therefore e = 0. It leads to

1 -- /22

A-

(4.6)

If the characteristic length is further taken to be L =

K

(Keffc)/0"2, then

( 1 - v 2 ~ "::+~
= 1.44
\ cq /

(4.7)

Moreover,
t~2E1 K n 2 - n : .=

~:E2

1
0"0:
K2 \0"02/

1
C~2Kn2-:

--

10(0"o2")2
K2 \0"ol]
- -

(4.8)

Therefore, (4.2) can be written as

{(1)

1/6

(0.o2~2r:/6[(0"o:~4b(:)10&(2)

1}

(4.9)

In what follows, two different cases will be considered: (1) O'o2/O'ol = 2; ( 2 ) 0"o2/0"ol = 5.
The angular distributions of
for above two cases are shown by Fig.4
and Fig.5, respectively. Here Fig.4(a) and Fig.5(a) correspond to r = 10 -8 while Fig.4(b)
and Fig.5(b) to r -- 10 -6. Moreover, Fig.6(a), (b) present the radial distributions of
for two cases. They indicate that the leading singular term of the stress
solution (corresponding to the first term of (4.9)) will dominate within the range of r < 10 -s.

a~.~/(1.440"o/r})

0"~/(1.44aor:/6)

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA

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1994
i

i I

II ~,

. l' V

io,/.,

/"-"X%"
~.~

./

',~,
o~

,/' r~o

./ ~ ,o

\,\ //

0
-

IBm)

|t)O

100

180

180

I00

100

180

(a) r = 1 0 -~

.(b)

r=lO -~

Fig.4 Angular distribution of the stresses for the traction free condition
o n the crack faces (a02/(r01 = 2)

~ elf

1.5

4-

\\
~
g

0.5

\.\
\

/
\

--0.5

/'4

/
'\ .ff
I

-- 180

I
0

-- 100

I
1(1~)

180

18(]

I
I00

0
(a)

7 =

/
C,

I
100

180

8
10

(b)

r =

10-s

Fig.5 Angular distribution of the stresses for the traction free condition
on the crack faces (~r02/~r01 5)
Based on the principle t h a t the second t e r m has t o b e smaller t h a n the leading singular
term (~)1/65~.

in (4.8), we can e s t i m a t e the rational existing zone of the stress solution

(4.9)
(1)

r < 2 . 5 7 10 - 6

for

(2)

r < 1 10 - 6

for

0"o210"ol=
.o2//0"ol =

(4.10)

(4.11)

It can be found t h a t the extent of the rational zone will change for different values
of the" ratio O ' o 2 / / 6 o l . B u t generally speaking, the separable form of near-tip fields for the
interfacial crack discussed h e r e only d o m i n a t e within a very small range ( r < 10-6). This
result coincides with t h a t of Shih[ 11].

Vol.10, No.1

Xia & Wang: Higher-Order Analysis of Near-Tip Fietds

37

C o m p a r e d with the above discussed case (i.e. the crack faces open freely), the range
in which the a s y m p t o t i c solutions d o m i n a t e will be m u c h larger for the frictionless c o n t a c t
condition on the crack faces. This feature can be seen clearly in Fig.3.
I

err

......

.............

fir

r vt~
0

I
--12

--lO

I
--

log[r/g/~/~.2)1
a)

I
-

--12

--10

-- 8

-- 6 --

log[r/ K,~/a~)]

do2./aOl = 2

(b)

oo~/ao~= 5

Fig.6 Radial distribution of the stresses for the traction free condition
on the crack faces (0 = 0 ~ nl = 5, n2 = 3)
V. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper an a s y m p t o t i c expanding m e t h o d of a regular series is introduced to
investigate the interfacial crack in two different elastic power-law hardening materials. A n
exactly higher-order analysis is carried out for its near-tip stress strain fields. T h e solutions
including first three terms are derived for a s y m p t o t i c series of the stress field, with two
different b o u n d a r y conditions on the crack faces being considered: (1) traction free and (2)
frictionless contact.
O u r analyses show t h a t along the interface ahead of the crack tip the stress fields of
the u p p e r part will keep co-order continuous with those of the lower part. But for the
displacement fields, the first-, the second-order fields of the u p p e r part are equal to zero on
the interface; the third-order field of the u p p e r part will be continuous with the first-order
one of the lower part. These co-order continuity of the stress field and cross-order continuity
of the displacement field are i m p o r t a n t features of the near-tip stress strain fields of the
interfacial crack in two dissimilar elastic-plastic materials.
According to our investigations, the solutions of the fully continuous, first-order stress
field can be only obtained for two specific mixity p a r a m e t e r M p. For n l = 5, n2 : 3, t h e y
are MoPpen -- 0.937284, McPontact = -0.515412.
T h e second-order stress field is simply equal to c2(nl + 1) times the first-order stress
field, i.e. 6Z~o -- c2(n 1 -t- 1)6/3~,.. For the third-order stress field, its solution is c o m p o s e d of
three parts (see (3.12)).
In the case of nl -- 5, n2 -- 3, the rational existing range of the a s y m p t o t i c series
solutions is estimated for the t r a c t i o n free condition on the crack faces. It is shown t h a t if
O'o2/O'ol --- 2; r < 2.57 10-6; and if O'o2/O'ol = 5, r < 1 10 -6.
REFERENCES

[1] Ruhle M, Evans AG, Ashby MF and Hirth JP. Metal-Ceramic Interfaces. Acta Scripta Metallurgica Proceedings Series 4. New York: Peraman Press, 1990
[2] Shih CF, Asaro RJ. J Appl Mech, 1988, 55:299-316
[3] Shih CF, Asaro RJ. J Appl Mech, 1989, 56:763-779

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA

38

1994

[4] Shih CF, Asaro RJ, O'Dowd NP. J Appl Mech, 1991, 58:450-463
[5] Shih CF, Asaro RJ. Int J Fract, 1990, 42:101-116
[6] Wang TC. Engng Fract Mech, 1990, 37:525-538
[7] Gao YC, Lou ZW. Int J Fract, 1990, 43:241-256
[8] Xia L, Wang TC. Acta Mechanica Solida, 1992, 8:245-258
[9] Xia L, Wang TC: Elastic-Plastic stress field of frictionless contact at interfacial crack tip, submitted to publication, 1991
[10] Xia L, Wang TC. Acta Mechaniea Sinica, 1992, 8:147-155
[11] Aravas N, Sharma SM. J Mech Phys Solids, 1991, 39:311-344
[12] Shih CF. Mater. Sci Engng, 1991, A143:77-90
[13] Shih CF. STP 560, ASTM. 1974, 187-210
[14] Xia L, Wang TC. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 1992, 8:156-164
APPENDIX

Note that n ----nl for upper part while n = n2 for lower part.
~o = A: (5.o - b~o) + A2Gt~o

(A.1)
~Oo -- A_~2(6~0
2

~0: =
where

boo) + A3~Oo

.(St: 0"0:) + A3"r~'ol

"

3(n+1)/2

A1 -- ~ 3 ( " - 3 ) / 2 [ ( n -

(A.2)
+ B2

1)g~. + 32]

}
(A.3)

3(n+1)/2

A3 ' ~ 3 ( = - 3 ) 2 1 2 ( n -

-2

~2

g = 8~. + ~.

n-

~-1

(~.)(~-~)/2 ~oo~o +
(~)(~-z)/~_

~ . = ~ ( ~ . - ~0.)

3 ~ n - 1 (5~.)(=7a>/2 3
Bz = ~ ( - - - - ~
[~(&~o
+ -~-

1)~2e. + 3)]

5%) ~ + 3"~o]S~.

( n - 1 ) ( n - 3 ) (5~.)(n-5)/2 ar o-2~ . }

(~-1)(~-3)

(A.4)
(~.)(~-~)/~_~

In (3.6)

D1 = A1
1

D2 = 2A1 - (1 + el)A2 -- ~cbA2

I.
D3 = A1 - 2(1 + cl)A2 - ( 2 + cl)clA1 - c,~A1 - Cb[~A2 -- (1 + cl)A3]
04 = ' [ ( 1 + cl)A2 + 2(2 + c:)clA1] + c~(1 + c:)A2 + cb[(1 + c:)A3 + 1(2 + cx)clA2]

9"

D~ = - ( 2 + cl)ClA1 + e,~(2 + o ) c l A 1 + ~cb(2 + cl)e1r

(A.5)

Vol.10, No.1

Xia & Wang: Higher-Order Analysis of Near-Tip Fields

39

Da = 2n[(n - 1)cl -- 1]k~. - 2n~re *

-{2(A1F.

+ 2 2 1 # . + A~l~.) + A 2 # . + 2 2 2 # . + A 2 F . )

(A.~)

+ c ~ ( 2 A 1 F . + A 2 # . ) + Cb(22F. + A 2 F . + 2 3 # . + A 3 F . )
9.Le

D~ = .~.

Le

+ c~L

~(1

c~)~ L

20

*~)~o.

where
ca = (n - 2)c1[(n - 2)cl - 21 ,
In

cb = 211 - (n - 2)cl]

(3.10')
al = Allo=+ o
a2 = - ( 1 + cl)A21o=+ ~
a3 = - ( 2 + el)ClAl[e=+o

(A'7)

a4 ----~ . [o=-o
a5 ---- ( 2 F . A 1 + F.A2)[o=+o.
bl ---- A110=+0
b2 = - [ ( 1 + c l ) A 2 + (1 - (nl - 2 ) c l } A 2 - A1]]e=+o
b3 = - { ( 2 + c l ) c l A 1 + (1

Cl)~l.2

211 - ( n l - 2)cl](1 +

c,)As}lo:+o

b4 = - { ( 2 + e l ) c l A 1 - [1 - (nl - 2)cl](2 + c l ) c l } [ o = + o

(A.8)

b 5 = {~P. -- 2~Po. + 2 n 2 C 1 ~ o . } t o = _ 0

b6 = { 2 n l ~ L .
+(221

+ A2L + (2A1 + 22 - 211 -

~1 -

2)cl]A3>L

- [1 - (nl - 2 ) c l I A 2 ) A 2 F . } I O = + 6

T h e expressions of b~ to b~ in (3.11) are t h e s a m e as (A.8) e x c e p t t h a t values t a k e n at 0 ---- + 0 a n d

- 0 s h o u l d b e t a k e n a t 0 ---- ~ a n d -~r, respectively.