[MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON

LIVINGS THINGS]
1.1 Classification of microorganisms

Microorganis
m

Microorganism
Bacteria

Fungi

Protozoa

Viruses

Algae

Characteristic

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Bacteria
1. The classification of bacteria based on their shapes
a. Coccus ( spherical)
b. ..
c. ..
d. ..
2. Bacteria are classified as living things as they carry out life process such as
., .,
.. and
3. Bacteria reproduce asexually through ..

4. Bacteria reproduce sexually through

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5. Bacteria can be classified into three groups based on different types of nutrition
obtained:

Paratism

Autotrophism

Saprophytism

Fungi
1. Fungi are a group of plants which are not green in colour because they do not
contain chloroplast.
2. Asexually reproduction of fungi :
a) Spore formation

b).

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3. Sexually reproduction of fungi is ..
4. They obtain their nutrients through and

Protozoa
1. Protozoa are the biggest unicellular microorganism. They show the characteristics
of animal. They are classified as
2. Protozoa exist in various shapes such as oval ( ex:) and
round ( ex: ..) and also exist in indefinite shapes ( ex:
.)

b)

a)

c)

g)

d)
f)

e)
Structure of amoeba

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c)

a)
b)
d)

e)
f)

3. Protozoa obtain their nutrients by carrying out saprophytism ,

. and .
4. Protozoa multiply through
a) asexual reproduction: ..
b) sexual reproduction : ..

Viruses
1. Viruses are the smallest microorganism.
2. The structure of virus consists of two main parts
a. Genetic material ( DNA or RNA)
b. Protein coat ( capsid)

a)
b)

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3. Viruses are parasitic as they use substances in living cells of organisms to
reproduce.
4. A viruses replicates itself only when it is inside a host cell.

Algae
1. Algae are simple plants which do not have real roots, stems and leaves.
2. Algae are found in places which are bright, damp or moist like in soil or on the
bark of tree.
3. Algae are .because they can manufacture their own food
through photosynthesis.
4. Example of algae :

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5. Asexual reproduction of algae :

a. ..
b. ..
c. ..
6. Sexual reproduction of algae :
a. ..

1.2 Factors that affect the growth of microorganisms

factors

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1.3 Useful microorganisms

Food
digestion

Decompositi
on

Agricultural

Industry

Medicine

[MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON

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1.4 Harmful effects of microorganisms

Pathogen

Disease
Tuberculosis

Bacteria
Cholera

Gonorrhea

Syphilis

Common cold
Viruses
Dengue fever

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

AIDS

Tinea
Fungi
Ringworm

Protozoa

Malaria

Dysentery

Method of infection

symptom

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1.5 Ways to prevent infection caused by microorganisms
ways
to prevent
prevent
ways to
infection
infection

vector
vector control
control

Immunity
Immunity

strelisition
strelisition

Heat
Heat

Radiation
Radiation
active
immunity
active immunity

passive
passive immunity
immunity

chemical
chemical

1.6 ways to treat disease

1. Some of the disease caused by microorganisms can be treated using antibiotics
and
.
2. Antibiotics are

3. Other methods:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Vaccines
Antisera
Synthetic drugs
Radiotherapy

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e. Surgery

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