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5 con la mayor
exactitud posible. Calcule las diferencias divididas finitas como en la figura 18.5 y ordene sus
puntos para obtener exactitud ptima y convergencia.
x
y
0
2
1
5.4375
2.5
7.3516
3
7.5625
4.5
8.4453
5
9.1875
6
12
Para el punto x = 3.5, se escogi el punto inicial x = 3 entonces la tabla queda de la siguiente
manera:
x
y
3
7.5625
b0 =f [x 0 ]
b0 =7.5625
b1=f [ x 1 , x 0 ]
b1=
f ( x 1 )f (x 0)
x 1x 0
b1=
8.44537.5625
4.53
b1=0.5883
b2=f [ x 2 , x 1 , x 0 ]
b2=
f [ x 2 , x 1 ] f [ x 1 , x 0 ]
x 2x 0
b2 =
1.48440.5883
53
b2=0.44805
b3 =
b3 =f [ x 3 , x 2 , x 1 , x 0 ]
f [ x 3 , x2 ] f [ x 2 , x 1 ] f [x 1 , x 0 ]
x 3x 0
4.5
8.4453
5
9.1875
6
12
b3 =
2.81250.448050.5883
63
b3 =0.59205
f ( x )=b 0+ b1 ( x x 0 ) +b 2 ( xx 0 ) ( xx 1 ) +b 3 ( xx 0 ) ( x x 1 ) (xx 2)
f ( x )=7.5625+0.5883 ( x3 ) + 0.44805 ( x3 )( x4.5 ) +0.59205 ( x3 ) ( x 4.5 ) ( x5)
Para x = 3.5
f ( 3.5 ) =7.5625+ 0.5883 (3.53 ) +0.44805 ( 3.53 )( 3.54.5 )+ 0.59205 ( 3.53 ) ( 3.54.5 ) (3.55)
f ( 3.5 ) =7.5625+ 0.294150.224 +0.222
f ( 3.5 ) =7.85465
18.11 Use el polinomio de interpolacin de Newton para determinar y en x = 8 con la mayor
exactitud posible. Calcule las diferencias divididas finitas como en la figura 18.5 y ordene sus
puntos para obtener exactitud ptima y convergencia.
x
y
0
0.5
1
3.134
2
5.3
5.5
9.9
11
10.2
13
9.35
16
7.2
18
6.2
Para el punto x = 8, se escogi el punto inicial x = 5.5 entonces la tabla queda de la siguiente
manera:
x
y
b0 =f [x 0 ]
b0 =9.9
b1=f [ x 1 , x 0 ]
b1=
f ( x 1 )f (x 0)
x 1x 0
b1=
10.29.9
115.5
b1=0.0545
5.5
9.9
11
10.2
13
9.35
16
7.2
18
6.2
b2=f [ x 2 , x 1 , x 0 ]
b2=
f [ x 2 , x 1 ] f [ x 1 , x 0 ]
x 2x 0
b2=
0.4250.0545
135.5
b2=0.0639
b3 =f [ x 3 , x 2 , x 1 , x 0 ]
b3 =
f [ x 3 , x2 ] f [ x 2 , x 1 ] f [x 1 , x 0 ]
x 3x 0
b3 =
0.7167+0.06390.0545
165.5
b3 =0.06736
b 4=f [ x 4 , x 3 , x 2 , x 1 , x 0 ]
b 4=
f [ x 4 , x3 ] f [ x 3 , x 2 ]f [ x 2 , x 1 ]f [ x1 , x0 ]
x 3x 0
b 4=
0.5+ 0.06736+0.06390.0545
185.5
b 4=0.03385
f ( x )=b 0+ b1 ( x x 0 ) +b 2 ( xx 0 ) ( xx 1 ) +b 3 ( xx 0 ) ( x x 1 ) ( x x 2 ) +b 4 ( xx 0 ) ( xx 1 ) ( xx 2)( xx 3)
f ( x )=9.9+ 0.0545 ( x5.5 )0.0639 ( x5.5 ) ( x11 )0.06736 ( x5.5 )( x11 ) ( x13)0.03385 ( x5.5 ) ( x
Para x = 8
f ( 8 )=9.9+0.0545 ( 85.5 )0.0639 ( 85.5 ) ( 811 )0.06736 ( 85.5 )( 811 )(813)0.03385 ( 85.5 ) ( 8
f ( 8 )=9.9+0.13625+ 0.479252.526+10.155
f ( 8 )=17.186
2
0.5
3
0.3333
4
0.25
5
0.2
6
0.1667
7
1.1429
1.1429
7
0.1667
6
0.2
5
0.25
4
0.3333
3
0.5
2
0.1667
6
0.2
5
0.25
4
Tabla inversa:
f(x)
x
Interpolacin cubica:
Se escogen 4 valores de la tabla inversa:
f(x)
x
1.1429
7
b0 =f [x 0 ]
b0 =1.1429
b1=f [ x 1 , x 0 ]
b1=
f ( x 1 )f (x 0)
x 1x 0
b1=
0.16671.1429
67
b1=0.9762
b2=f [ x 2 , x 1 , x 0 ]
b2 =
b2=
f [ x 2 , x 1 ] f [ x 1 , x 0 ]
x 2x 0
0.03330.9762
57
b2=0.50475
b3 =
b3 =f [ x 3 , x 2 , x 1 , x 0 ]
f [ x 3 , x2 ] f [ x 2 , x 1 ] f [x 1 , x 0 ]
x 3x 0
b3 =
0.050.03330.9762
47
b3 =0.3532
f ( x )=b 0+ b1 ( x x 0 ) +b 2 ( xx 0 ) ( xx 1 ) +b 3 ( xx 0 ) ( x x 1 ) (xx 2)
f ( x )=1.1429+0.9762 ( x7 ) +0.50475 ( x7 )( x6 )+ 0.3532 ( x7 )( x6 ) ( x5)
Para f(x) = 0.23
0
0
f (x)
1
0.5
2
0.8
3
0.9
x2
=0.85
1+ x 2
x 2=( 1+ x 2 ) .0,85
x 20,85. ( x2 ) =0,85=0.15 x 2
x=
0.85
=2.380476143
0.15
4
0.941176
f ( x )=
x2
2
(1+ x )
5
0.961538
.
1 2 4
1 3 9
1 4 16
] [ ]
=
0.8
0.9
0.941176
x=
b 2 b24 ac
2a
x=
[ ][ ]
1 2 4 8
1 3 9 27
1 4 16 64
1 5 25 125
0.8
0.9
0.941176
0.961538
a0 =0.271488
a1= 0.41177
a2= -0.086427
a3 = 0.006335
0=a0 + a1 + a2
0=0.93+ 0.271488+0.41177 x0.086427 x 2 +0.006335 x3
2
Reemplazamos x
2
x=2.3798794
Ejercicio 18.15
Desarrolle trazadores cuadrticos para los siguientes primeros cinco puntos en la tabla del
ejercicio 18.5 y pronostique f(3,4) y f(2,2).
x
f(x)
1.6
2
2
8
2.5
14
3.2
15
4
8
4.5
2
DESARROLLO
m= 5(puntos)
n= 4 intervalos
x condiciones necesarias = 3n = 3(4) = 12 condiciones
a) 2n-2 condiciones 2(4)-2 = 6 condiciones
4(a1)+2(b1)+c1=8
4(a2)+2(b2)+c2=8
6.25(a2)+2.5(b2)+c2=14
6.25(a3)+2.5(b3)+c3=14
10.24(a3)+3.2(b3)+c3=15
10.24(a4)+3.2(b4)+c4=15
b) Evaluando primera y ltima funcin 2 condiciones
2.56(a1)+1.6(b1)+c1=2
16(a4)+4(b4)+c4=8
c) Continuidad de derivadas n-1 = 4-1 = 3 condiciones
4(a1)+(b1)=4(a2)+(b2)
5(a2)+(b2)=5(a3)+(b3)
6.4(a3)+(b3)= 6.4(a4)+(b4)
d) Ultima condicin (a1)=0 1 condicin
Resolvindola Matriz
a1 = 0
b1 = 15
c1 = -22
a2 = -6
b2 = 39
c2 = -46
a3 = -10.8163
b3 = 63.0816
c3 = -76.1020
a4 = -1.0952
b4 = -0.8657
c4 = 28.9833
Formulando las ecuaciones tenemos entonces:
3
19
5
99
7
291
8
444
m= 6 (puntos)
n= 5 intervalos
x condiciones necesarias = 4n = 4(5) = 20 condiciones
a Nodos interiores 2n-2 condiciones 2(5)-2 = 8 condiciones
8(a1)+4(b1)+2(c1)+d1=6
8(a2)+4(b2)+2(c2)+d2=6
27(a2)+9(b2)+3(c2)+d2=19
27(a3)+9(b3)+3(c3)+d3=19
125(a3)+25(b3)+5(c3)+d3=99
125(a4)+25(b4)+5(c4)+d4=99
343(a4)+49(b4)+7(c4)+d4=291
343(a5)+49(b5)+7(c5)+d5=291
b
1(a1)+1(b1)+1(c1)+d1=3
512(a5)+64(b5)+8(c5)+d5=444
c
12(a1)+4(b1)+c1=12(a2)+4(b2)+c2
27(a2)+6(b2)+c2=27(a3)+6(b3)+c3
75(a3)+10(b3)+c3= 75(a4)+10(b4)+c4
147(a4)+14(b4)+c4=147(a5)+14(b5)+c5
d
12(a1)+2(b1)=12(a2)+2(b2)
18(a2)+2(b2)=18(a3)+2(b3)
30(a3)+2(b3)=30(a4)+2(b4)
42(a4)+2(b4)=42(a5)+2(b5)
e
6(a1)+2(b1)=0
48(a5)+2(b5)=0
Resolviendo la Matriz:
a1 = 2.0156
b1 = -6.0476
c1 = 7.0313
d1 = 0
a2 = -0.0769
b2 = 6.5200
c2 = -18.1000
d2 = 16.7556
a3 = 2.3721
b3 =-15.5385
c3 = 48.0667
d3 =-49.4118
a4 = -3.6711
b4 = 75.1111
c4 = -405.1667
d4 = 705.9756
a5 = 0.6613
b5 = -15.8667
c5 = 279.2857
d5 = -1.1132e+03
Formulando las ecuaciones tenemos entonces:
f 2 ( 3)
3
f 2(3) f 3(3)
Ejercicio 18.18
Desarrolle los coeficientes de la parbola que pasa por los tres ltimos puntos del ejercicio 18.5.
x0
x1
x2
x
1.6
2
f(x)
2
8
DESARROLLO
2.5
14
3.2
15
4
8
4.5
2
c=f ( x 0 ) =15
c=15
b=
f ( x 1 )f ( x 0 ) 815 35
=
=
x 1x 0
43.2
4
b=-8.75
f ( x 2 )f ( x 1) f ( x 1 )f (x 0)
28 35
+
x 2x 1
x 1x 0
4.54 4 5
a=
=
=
x 2 x 0
4.53.2
2
a=-2.5
Parabola de la forma:
y=ax +bx +c
Entonces:
a=2.5
b=9.25
c=11
Ejercicio 18.19
Determine los coeficientes de la ecuacin cubica que pasan por los cuatro primeros puntos del
ejercicio 18.6.
x
f(x)
x0
x1
x2
1
3
2
6
3
19
x3
5
99
7
291
8
444
DESARROLLO
b=f ( x 0 )=3
b=3
b 1=f [ x 1, x 0 ] =
b1=3
f [ x 2, x 1 ] =
f ( x 1 ) f ( x 0 ) 63
=
=3
x 1x 0
21
196
=13
32
b 2=f [ x 2, x 1, x 0 ] =
b2=5
f [ x 3, x 2 ]=
f [ x 2, x 1 ] f [ x 1, x 0 ] 133
=
=5
x 2x 0
31
9919
=40
53
b 3=f [ x 3, x 2, x 1, x 0 ] =
b 3=
f [ x 3, x 2, x 1 ]f [ x 2, x 1, x 0 ] ( f [ x 3, x 2 ] f [ x 2, x 1 ] ) (f [ x 2, x 1 ] f [x 1, x 0])
=
=
x 3x 0
x 3x 0
( 4013 ) (133)
=4.25
51
b3=4.25
a=4.25
d=15.5
b=20.25
c=34.75