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The $IJKDQ2SLDWH7UDIFNLQJWKURXJKWKH6RXWKHUQ5RXWH report is an output of the Afghan Opiate Trade Project
in the Statistics and Surveys Section, Research and Trend Analysis Branch, Division for Policy Analysis and Public
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Table of Contents:
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Introduction
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2. Afghanistan
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Annexes
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UNODC (2013). World Drug Report 2013, p.30. Vienna: United Nations publication.
UNODC (2013). World Drug Report 2013, p.30. Vienna: United Nations publication.
5
A subset of opioids comprised of the various products derived from the opium poppy plant, including opium, morphine and heroin.
6
Government of India, Ministry of Shipping, Maritime Agenda: 2010 2020, January 2011, p. 6.
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UNODC (2014), The Illicit Drug Trade through South-Eastern Europe, p. 74-75. Vienna: United Nations publication.
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21,265
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Table 5: 5HSRUWHGKHURLQVHL]XUHVLQ,UDQLDQSURYLQFHVUHOHYDQWWRWKHVRXWKHUQURXWH
Province
Number of Seizures
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TOTAL
65
6187
100
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700 000
600 000
500 000
400 000
300 000
200 000
100 000
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
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52
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90
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Frequency of route
detected
Seizure
DPRXQWNJ
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Africa
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16
1,707
100
Destination region
TOTAL
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107
108
109
110
111
ANGA Report of 2013.
112
113
ANGA Report of 2013.
114
in various countries of the Middle East and the Gulf States.
115
Regional report on the Near East, 2012, p.39.
116
Converted from euros using the exchange rate in June 2012 Council of the European Union, Report to the Mini-Dublin Group by the
106
58
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60
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Destination
region
Number of Cases
Amount of heroin
VHL]HGNJ
Approx. % of total
amount seized
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TOTAL
45
100
314.5
100
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Africa
124
125
126
122
123
61
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UNODC (2013). World Drug Report 2013, Annex I. Vienna: United Nations publication.
146
UNODC (2013). World Drug Report 2013, p.27. Vienna: United Nations publication.
147
143
65
66
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4 000
3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
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1 000
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0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
Heroin
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2011
2012
2013
67
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737
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60
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69
6RXUFH$QQXDO5HSRUW1DUFRWLFV&RQWURO%XUHDX,QGLD
158
Deepali Gaur Singh, Afghan Women in the Diaspora: Surviving Identity and Alienation, Centre for Non-Traditional Security Studies,
NTS - Asia research paper No 4.
159
India, Narcotics Control Bureau, Annual Report 2013, p. 10.
160
UNODC (2011), The global Afghan opium trade: a threat assessment, p.108-109. Vienna: United Nations publication.
154
155
68
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400
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3 500
500
0
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Heroin cases
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163
India, Narcotics Control Bureau, Annual Report 2011, p. 50.
161
162
69
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100
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2010
Myanmar
2011
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Nepal
Nigeria
2012
South Africa
2013
Tanzania
Others
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Date
Amount
Location
5HPDUNV
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173
174
175
176
177
178
Annual Report 2014..
172
72
2009
India
Year
Pakistan
2011
2012
Others
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73
184
185
186
Airports Council International (2011), Cargo Volume: Loaded and unloaded freight and mail in metric tonnes.
187
188
UNODC (2014). World Drug Report 2014, Annex 1. Vienna: United Nations publication.
189
UNODC (2014). World Drug Report 2014, p.28. Vienna: United Nations publication..
190
UNODC (2010). World Drug Report 2010, p.50. Vienna: United Nations publication.
191
IDS database, reported by WCO).
192
2014.
193
Council of the European Union, Report to the Mini-Dublin Group by the Australian Chair, Regional report on South East Asia and China,
October 2013, p.34.
182
183
74
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
1 800
1 600
300
1 200
200
1 000
150
800
600
1 00
Weight (kg)
Number of seizures
1 400
250
400
50
200
0
0
2009
2010
Heroin cases
2011
Year
2012
2013
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$WDUHJLRQDOOHYHOVHL]XUHGDWDVXJJHVWVWKDW$IJKDQKHURLQUHDFKLQJ(6($XVHVERWKVHDDQGDLUWUDQVSRUW
)LJXUHVKRZVWKHQXPEHURIRIFLDOO\UHSRUWHGKHURLQVHL]XUHVLQ(DVWDQG6RXWK(DVW$VLDEHWZHHQ
DQGLQFRPSDULVRQZLWKWKHJOREDOWRWDO$VDSHUFHQWDJHRIWKHJOREDOWRWDOWKHUHJLRQVVKDUHXFWXDWHV
VLJQLFDQWO\EHWZHHQSHUFHQWDQGSHUFHQW,QKHURLQVHL]XUHVLQWKHUHJLRQWRWDOOHGNJHTXDO
WRDSSUR[LPDWHO\SHUFHQWRIWKHJOREDOWRWDO0RVWRIWKHVHL]XUHVZHUHUHSRUWHGLQ&KLQD0DOD\VLD0\DQPDU
7KDLODQGDQG9LHWQDP
75
90 000
80 000
70 000
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
Global Total
0DSVKRZVWKHORFDWLRQRIVHL]XUHVLQYROYLQJKHURLQRULJLQDWLQJLQ$IJKDQLVWDQWKDWFRXOGEHDVVRFLDWHGZLWK
WKHVRXWKHUQURXWH7KHUHSRUWHGVHL]XUHVDUHFRQFHQWUDWHGLQPDLQODQG&KLQD+RQJ.RQJ,QGRQHVLD-DSDQ
0DOD\VLD0RQJROLD6LQJDSRUHDQG7KDLODQG0RVWRIWKHVHVHL]XUHVZHUHPDGHDWRUFORVHWRWUDQVSRUWDWLRQ
KXEVVXFKDVDLUSRUWVDQGVHDSRUWV
76
77
7KHPRVWFRPPRQVHDURXWHVVHHPWREHRULJLQDWLQJIURP3DNLVWDQ%\DLUKRZHYHUWKHZHERIWUDMHFWRULHV
PRYLQJ KHURLQ IURP $IJKDQLVWDQ 3DNLVWDQ DQG WKH ,VODPLF 5HSXEOLF RI ,UDQ WR (6($ DUH GLYHUVH ZLWK WKUHH
JHQHUDOSDWWHUQV)LUVWKHURLQLVWUDIFNHGWKURXJK6RXWK$VLDQDLUSRUWV6HFRQGWUDIFNHUVXVHDLUFRQQHFWLRQV
IURP3DNLVWDQ$IJKDQLVWDQDQGWKH,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQWRWKH0LGGOH(DVWDQG*XOIUHJLRQDVWUDQVLWSRLQWV
WR(6($GHVWLQDWLRQV7KLUGVHYHUDOVHL]XUHVLQGLFDWHWKDW$IULFDQFRXQWULHVDUHDOVRWUDQVLWSRLQWV7KHPRVW
FRPPRQO\ PHQWLRQHG KDYH EHHQ 7DQ]DQLD DQG (WKLRSLD DQG OHVV IUHTXHQWO\ 6RXWK $IULFD /LEHULD DQG 7RJR
7KHVHFRQVLJQPHQWVZHUHHLWKHUWUDIFNHGGLUHFWO\WR(6($RUWUDQVLWHG4DWDURU+RQJ.RQJ6RXWK(DVW$VLDLV
QRWRQO\DGHVWLQDWLRQIRUWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHLWLVDOVRDWUDQVLWSRLQW'DWDSURYLGHGWR812'&VXJJHVWVWKDW
DSRUWLRQRIWKHKHURLQVHL]HGLQ6RXWK(DVW$VLDLVLQWHQGHGIRURQZDUGVKLSPHQWDSULPDU\GHVWLQDWLRQEHLQJ
2FHDQLD&KLQHVHDXWKRULWLHVDOVRREVHUYHWKDW6RXWK(DVW$VLDLVRIWHQXVHGDVDWUDQVLWSRLQWIRUWUDIFNLQJ
LQWR&KLQDSDUWLFXODUO\YLDPDLODQGDLUWUDYHO
,QWKHFDVHRIKHURLQEHLQJWUDIFNHGE\PDLOLWXVXDOO\GHSDUWVIURP$IJKDQLVWDQ3DNLVWDQDQG,QGLDZLWKWKHPRVW
IUHTXHQWO\UHSRUWHGGHVWLQDWLRQEHLQJ&KLQD2WKHUURXWHVIRUKHURLQWUDIFNHGE\PDLOKDYHEHHQIURP$IJKDQLVWDQ
DQG3DNLVWDQWR7KDLODQGIURP,QGLDWR,QGRQHVLDIURP$IJKDQLVWDQWR9LHWQDPDQGIURP3DNLVWDQWR+RQJ.RQJ
7DEOHDQG7DEOHVKRZEUHDNGRZQVRIVHL]XUHGDWDE\UHJLRQVRIGHSDUWXUHDQGGHVWLQDWLRQ
Table 13: 6HL]XUHVRIKHURLQWUDIFNHGDORQJWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHGHVWLQHGIRU(DVWDQG6RXWK(DVW$VLDE\
UHJLRQRIGHSDUWXUH
Origin/departure
region
No. of
seizures
Amount of heroin
VHL]HGNJ
Distribution (%)
of no. of seizures
Distribution (%)
of amount of heroin seized
Africa
0LGGOH(DVWDQG
*XOI6WDWHV
248
2,439
100%
100%
3DNLVWDQ
TOTAL
Amount of heroin
VHL]HGNJ
Distribution %
of no. of seizures
Distribution %
of amount of heroin seized
South Asia
Africa
Oceania
1RUWK$PHULFD
(urope
58
424
100%
100%
Destination
0LGGOH(DVWDQG
*XOI6WDWHV
TOTAL
195
196
2014.
194
78
7KHVRXWKHUQURXWHDQGWKHHFRQRPLFLQWHJUDWLRQRI$VLD
&DOFXODWLQJWKHVKDUHRI(6($RSLDWHXVHDWWULEXWDEOHWRWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHLVFKDOOHQJLQJ7KH*RYHUQPHQWRI
&KLQDKDVHVWLPDWHGWKDWSHUFHQWRILWVKHURLQVXSSO\FRPHVIURP$IJKDQLVWDQ7KLVZRXOGURXJKO\
WUDQVODWHLQWRDQHVWLPDWHGPHWULFWRQVRI$IJKDQKHURLQWUDIFNHGLQWRWKHFRXQWU\DFFRUGLQJWRDUHFHQW
&KLQHVHQDWLRQDOVXUYH\
)RUWKHEURDGHUSRSXODWLRQRIRSLDWHXVHUVLQ(6($WKHXLGLW\RIVXSSO\FKDLQVVHHPVOLNHO\WRGHYHORSIXUWKHU
7KHPDQ\WUDMHFWRULHVDQGQRGHVRIWUDIFNLQJURXWHVUHDFKLQJDQGWUDQVLWLQJ(6($HFKRWKHFUHDWLRQRIFRPSOH[
WUDGHVXSSO\FKDLQVLQWKHUHJLRQDQGLWVHFRQRPLFLQWHJUDWLRQERWKLQWHUQDOO\DQGZLWKRWKHUUHJLRQVRIWKH
ZRUOG)RUH[DPSOHLQWKHWHQ\HDUVSULRUWR2FWREHU3DNLVWDQVDZLPSRUWVIURPPDLQODQG&KLQDPRUH
WKDQGRXEOHUHDFKLQJSHUFHQWZKLOHLWVH[SRUWVWR&KLQDTXDGUXSOHGUHDFKLQJSHUFHQW7KLVZDVLQD
SHULRGGXULQJZKLFKWKHRYHUDOOH[SRUWVDQGLPSRUWVRI3DNLVWDQGRXEOHG2QDGLIIHUHQWQRWHWKHYROXPHRIDLU
SDVVHQJHUWUDIFLQ0DOD\VLDDQG7KDLODQGLVFRPSDUDEOHWRWKDWLQ%HLMLQJ
7KH LQWHQVLFDWLRQ DQG GLYHUVLFDWLRQ RI WUDGH DQG WUDYHO URXWHV EHWZHHQ (6($ 6RXWK$VLD WKH 0LGGOH (DVW
DQG$IULFDOLNHO\UHHFWWKHWUDIFNLQJURXWHVWKDWIHHG(6($VRSLDWHPDUNHWV0\DQPDURSLDWHVVWLOOHQMR\DQ
DGYDQWDJHLQWHUPVRISUR[LPLW\KLVWRU\DQGHVWDEOLVKHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWKPDQ\KHURLQUHWDLOHUVLQ(6($EXW
VRXWKHUQURXWHWUDIFNHUVPLJKWVWLOOEHQHWIURPLQFUHDVHGRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRGHOLYHUVXSSOLHVWKURXJKRXWWKH
UHJLRQ7UDGHDJUHHPHQWVWKDWIDFLOLWDWHHFRQRPLFJURZWKKDYHDOVREHHQKHOSIXOWRWUDQVQDWLRQDORUJDQL]HG
FULPH7KHUDSLGJURZWKRIDLUFRQQHFWLRQVSURYLGHVORJLVWLFDOHIFLHQF\DQGDQH[SDQGLQJPHQXRIRSWLRQVIRU
WUDIFNHUVZLWKDFRUUHVSRQGLQJFKDOOHQJHIRUGUXJODZHQIRUFHPHQWDJHQFLHV
Table 15: 6LJQLFDQWKHURLQVHL]XUHVUHSRUWHGE\0DOD\VLD
Date
Weight
NJ
3DNLVWDQ
Malaysia
NJ
,UDQLDQQDWLRQDOV
Malaysia
NJ
3DNLVWDQLQDWLRQDOV
3DNLVWDQ
NJ
3DNLVWDQLQDWLRQDOV
Nigeria
NJ
1LJHULDQQDWLRQDO
Thailand
NJ
0DOD\VLDQQDWLRQDOV
NJ
,QGLDQ0DOD\VLDQ
NJ
3DNLVWDQLQDWLRQDOV
6RXUFH0LQLVWU\RI+RPH$IIDLUV0DOD\VLD
198
199
200
Including both domestic and international aircraft passengers of air carriers registered in the country. Data obtained from the World
201
197
79
0DOD\VLDKDVEHHQYHU\RSHQLQVKDULQJGDWDDQGVHHNLQJFRRSHUDWLRQLQFRXQWHUQDUFRWLFVRSHUDWLRQV$VHULHV
RI UHSRUWV IURP 0DOD\VLD SURYLGH H[DPSOHV RI (6($V FRQQHFWLRQV WR WKH VRXWKHUQ URXWH IRU ORFDO XVH DQG
RQZDUGWUDIFNLQJRIKHURLQ8QWLO0DOD\VLDQDXWKRULWLHVEHOLHYHGWKDWKHURLQLQWKHFRXQWU\ZDVDOPRVW
H[FOXVLYHO\RULJLQDWLQJIURP0\DQPDUEXWVLQFHWKHQWKH\EHJDQQRWLFLQJLWZDVEHLQJLQFUHDVLQJO\WUDIFNHGYLD
WKHVRXWKHUQURXWHIURPWKH,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQDQGHVSHFLDOO\3DNLVWDQ Malaysia has also reported an
LQFUHDVHLQORRVHO\RUJDQL]HG1LJHULDQJURXSVWKDWGHDOLQDYDULHW\RIGUXJVLQFOXGLQJ$IJKDQKHURLQVPXJJOHG
DORQJWKHVRXWKHUQURXWH
Figure 37:+HURLQVHL]XUHVLQ0DOD\VLD
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
'XULQJWZRVHSDUDWHVHL]XUHVLQ$SULONJRIKHURLQZHUHLQWHUFHSWHGLQ0DOD\VLD,QWKHUVWFDVH
NJRIKHURLQZHUHFRQFHDOHGLQIUHLJKWHQURXWHIURP3DNLVWDQWR0DOD\VLD,QWKHVHFRQGVHL]XUHNJRI
KHURLQZHUHFRQFHDOHGLQDER[DQGZHUHSDUWRIVHDIUHLJKWWUDQVLWLQJ3DNLVWDQ/DWHULQ0D\NJRI
KHURLQZHUHVHL]HGDW.DUDFKLVHDSRUWIROORZHGE\DVHL]XUHRINJLQ2FWREHUIURPDZDUHKRXVHLQ
.HODQWDQSURYLQFHLQ0DOD\VLD7KHFRQVLJQPHQWKDGGHSDUWHGIURP3DNLVWDQDQGZDVLQWHQGHGIRUWKHORFDO
0DOD\VLDQPDUNHWD3DNLVWDQLQDWLRQDOZDVDUUHVWHGDVDUHVXOWRIWKLVVHL]XUH
0RUHUHFHQWO\LQ-DQXDU\NJRIKHURLQZHUHVHL]HGDWDVHDSRUWLQ6HODQJRUSURYLQFHWRWKHZHVWRI
.XDOD/XPSXU7KHFRQVLJQPHQWZDVEHLQJWUDQVSRUWHGIURP3DNLVWDQWR0DOD\VLDDQGWKHVHL]XUHUHVXOWHGLQ
WKHDUUHVWRISHRSOHLQFOXGLQJ0RQJROLDQQDWLRQDOVDQGQDWLRQDOVIURP:HVW$IULFDQFRXQWULHV'XULQJWKH
IROORZXSLQYHVWLJDWLRQDIXUWKHUNJRIKHURLQZDVUHFRYHUHGWKURXJKDVHL]XUHLQ0DUFKDQG1LJHULDQ
QDWLRQDOVZHUHDUUHVWHG0DOD\VLDQDXWKRULWLHVKDYHDOVRQRWHGWKHFROODERUDWLRQEHWZHHQ1LJHULDQDQG3DNLVWDQL
RUJDQL]HGFULPHJURXSVLQVPXJJOLQJKHURLQIURP$IJKDQLVWDQWR0DOD\VLDZLWKDYLHZWRWUDIFNLQJLWRQZDUGWR
$XVWUDOLDDQG&KLQD0HDQZKLOHLQ3DNLVWDQNJDQGNJRIKHURLQZHUHVHL]HGLQWZRVHSDUDWHLQVWDQFHV
LQ-DQXDU\DQGLGHQWLHGDVFRQWDLQHUVKLSPHQWVGHVWLQHGWR0DOD\VLD,Q$SULORIWKDWVDPH\HDUDQ
DGGLWLRQDONJRIKHURLQZHUHVHL]HGIROORZLQJDFRQWDLQHUSUROLQJDW.DUDFKLVHDSRUW)LQDOO\LQNJ
RIKHURLQGHVWLQHGIRU0DOD\VLDZHUHVHL]HGDW.DUDFKL,QWHUQDWLRQDOFRQWDLQHUSRUW
2014.
203
2014.
204
205
206
207
208
209
2014.
210
211
202
80
$FFRUGLQJWRWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDYDLODEOHWR812'&0DOD\VLDKDVDOVREHHQDFRPPRQGHSDUWXUHSRLQWUHSRUWHG
IRUKHURLQWUDIFNLQJE\PDLOZLWKDVLJQLFDQWQXPEHURIPDLOFRQVLJQPHQWVFRQWDLQLQJKHURLQEHLQJVHL]HGLQ
&DQDGDDQGKDYLQJWUDQVLWHGWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV$XVWUDOLDDQG(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVKDYHDOVREHHQGHVWLQDWLRQV
IRUKHURLQWUDIFNHGE\PDLOIURP0DOD\VLDZLWKFRQVLJQPHQWVRIWHQWUDQVLWLQJ*HUPDQ\DQGWKH5HSXEOLFRI
6LQJDSRUH
6XPPDU\
7KHODUJHVWSRWHQWLDOUHYHQXHVIRUVRXWKHUQURXWHWUDIFNHUVLQ(6($DUHWREHIRXQGLQ&KLQD7KHODVWGHFDGH
KDVVHHQDQLQFUHDVHLQWKHSURPLQHQFHRI$IJKDQVXSSOLHVLQ&KLQHVHKHURLQPDUNHWVZLWKFRQFUHWHH[DPSOHV
RIWKHVHEHLQJGHOLYHUHGYLDWKHVRXWKHUQURXWH7KURXJKRXW(6($WKHUHDUHSUHVXPDEO\WUDGHRIIVEHWZHHQ
VRXWKHUQ URXWH VXSSOLHV DQG VXSSOLHV IURP 0\DQPDU 6R ORQJ DV 0\DQPDU FRQWLQXHV WR SURGXFH RSLDWHV LW
LV UHDVRQDEOH WR H[SHFW WKDW VRXWKHUQ URXWH VXSSOLHV ZLOO EH FRPSOHPHQWDU\ WR VXSSOLHV IURP 0\DQPDU QRW
YLFHYHUVD1HYHUWKHOHVVWKLVVWLOOOHDYHVRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWKRVHLPSRUWLQJDQGWUDQVVKLSSLQJVRXWKHUQURXWH
KHURLQWKURXJKWKHUHJLRQ'HYHORSLQJFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK3DNLVWDQLVWKHPRVWSUHVVLQJSULRULW\LQUHODWLRQWRWKLV
SUREOHPZLWKDQDGGLWLRQDOQHHGWRVWUHQJWKHQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK,QGLDDQGFRXQWULHVLQWKH*XOIUHJLRQWRGHDO
ZLWKVRXWKHUQURXWHWUDIFNLQJE\DLU
212
81
8. Oceania
$VPDOOSURSRUWLRQRIRSLDWHVWUDIFNHGDORQJWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHDUHGHVWLQHGWR2FHDQLDSULPDULO\$XVWUDOLD'DWD
IURPWKH$XVWUDOLDQ)HGHUDO3ROLFH$)3VXJJHVWVWKDWWKHEDODQFHDPRQJVRXUFHVRIRSLDWHVXSSO\WR$XVWUDOLD
LVVXSSOHDQGFDSDEOHRIVKLIWLQJTXLWHUDSLGO\,QDGGLWLRQWKHUHLVHYLGHQFHRIGRPHVWLFDOO\SURGXFHG heroin
RQWKHPDUNHW$VVKRZQLQ7DEOHWKHFRXQWU\LVDPL[HGPDUNHW%HJLQQLQJLQWKHSURSRUWLRQ
RI KHURLQ IURP 6RXWK:HVW$VLD JUHZ UHODWLYH WR WKDW RULJLQDWLQJ LQ 6RXWK(DVW$VLD 7KLV EDODQFH WKHQ VHH
VDZHGLQDQGWKHODWHVWGDWDVHHPVWRKHDYLO\IDYRXU6RXWK(DVW$VLD7KHVRXWKHUQURXWHFHUWDLQO\
DSSHDUVFDSDEOHRISURYLGLQJDVLJQLFDQWSURSRUWLRQRIWKH$XVWUDOLDQKHURLQPDUNHWEXWFDQEHFURZGHGRXWE\
6RXWK(DVW$VLDQVXSSOLHV,WDOVRDSSHDUVWKDWERWKVRXUFHVRYHUODSLQ6RXWK(DVW$VLDQWUDQVLWSRLQWVVXFKDV
0DOD\VLD,WLVXQFOHDUZKHWKHUVKLIWVEHWZHHQVRXUFHVRIVXSSO\DUHWKHUHVXOWRIFKDQJLQJLPSRUWHUSUHIHUHQFHV
RUSHUKDSVGXHWRGLVFRUGDPRQJSURPLQHQWLQGLYLGXDOVLQFKDUJHRILPSRUWLQJZKREULQJGLIIHUHQWFRQQHFWLRQV
WRRYHUVHDVVXSSOLHUV
Table 16: *HRJUDSKLFDORULJLQRIKHURLQERUGHUVHL]XUHVLQ$XVWUDOLD
Proportion of heroin originating in
South-East Asia (%)
8QNQRZQ
origin (%)
-DQ-XQ
Year
6RXUFH$XVWUDOLDQ)HGHUDO3ROLFH)RUHQVLF'UXJ,QWHOOLJHQFH7KHSHUFHQWDJHVDUHFDOFXODWHGDVSURSRUWLRQVRIWRWDOEXONZHLJKWRIKHURLQ
VHL]XUHVDQDO\VHGE\$)3
,QFRQWUDVWWRWKHXFWXDWLQJVXSSO\VRXUFHVVXJJHVWHGLQ7DEOHRSLDWHXVHLQ$XVWUDOLDDQG1HZ=HDODQG
DSSHDUVUHODWLYHO\ORZDQGVWDEOHHVWLPDWHVLQGLFDWHWKHDQQXDOSUHYDOHQFHRIRSLDWHXVHLQWKHUHJLRQLV
DWSHUFHQWRUDSSUR[LPDWHO\SHRSOH2QWKHRWKHUKDQG2FHDQLDLVDKLJKSULFHGPDUNHWIRURSLDWHV
UHODWLYH WR$IJKDQLVWDQ DQG VXUURXQGLQJ FRXQWULHV 7KH SULFH GLIIHUHQWLDO EHWZHHQ D NLORJUDP RI KHURLQ VROG
LQ$XVWUDOLD$XVWUDOLDQLQDQGRQHVROGLQ3DNLVWDQ86LQSURYLGHVDFOHDU
LOOXVWUDWLRQRIWKHHFRQRPLFVLQYROYHGLQWKLVVFHQDULRVKRZLQJDNLORJUDPRIKHURLQLQ3DNLVWDQLQFUHDVLQJLQ
SULFHE\DWOHDVWWLPHVRQFHLWLVWUDQVSRUWHGGLOXWHGDQGSUHSDUHGIRUVDOHRQWKHVWUHHWLQ$XVWUDOLD7KH
SUHFLVHFRVWVWUXFWXUHIDFLQJVRXWKHUQURXWHWUDIFNHUVWDUJHWLQJ2FHDQLDLVQRWNQRZQEXWWKHSULFHGLIIHUHQWLDO
VXJJHVWVWKDWLWFRXOGEHKLJKO\SURWDEOHIRUVHYHUDOLQWHUPHGLDULHVLQWKHFKDLQPRYLQJDQGGLVWULEXWLQJWKH
SURGXFWIURP3DNLVWDQRUWKH,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQ
process using acetic anhydride.
214
215
216
213
82
180 000
160 000
140 000
120 000
100 000
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
0
Pakistan (2011)
Australia (2012)
6RXUFH$XVWUDOLD$543DNLVWDQ$541RWHJXUHVDUHURXQGHGSULFHVDUHQRWSXULW\DGMXVWHG
,Q&XVWRPVRIFLDOVLQ6\GQH\UHSRUWHGDNJVHL]XUHRIKHURLQVKLSSHGIURP3DNLVWDQ/DWHUWKDW\HDU
DFRQVLJQPHQWRIRSLXPDQGKHURLQZDVUHSRUWHGO\VHL]HGLQ6\GQH\GLVFRYHUHGLQDFDUJRDOOHJHGO\FRQVLVWLQJ
RIVDPRYDUVRZQIURPWKH,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQ$QRWKHUVHL]XUHRFFXUUHGWKDW\HDUDW3RUW%RWDQ\LQ6\GQH\
FRQVLVWLQJRINJRIKHURLQFRQFHDOHGZLWKLQDVKLSPHQWIURPWKH,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQVDLGWREHFDUU\LQJ
UHGUDLVLQV,Q)HEUXDU\DQ,UDQLDQERUQ$XVWUDOLDQFLWL]HQDQGDQ$XVWUDOLDQ,UDQLDQGXDOFLWL]HQZHUH
UHSRUWHGO\ DUUHVWHG LQ 6\GQH\ IRU VPXJJOLQJ KHURLQ ZLWKLQ MXLFH ER[HV 6HL]XUHV XSVWUHDP DUH PRUH UDUH
812'&LVDZDUHRIRQO\RQHVHL]XUHRIKHURLQLQ3DNLVWDQWKDWZDVUHSRUWHGO\GHVWLQHGIRU$XVWUDOLD,Q6HSWHPEHU
3DNLVWDQLRIFLDOVUHFRYHUHGNJRIKHURLQSRZGHUIURPDFRQVLJQPHQWRIIXUQLWXUHGHVWLQHGIRU6\GQH\
$XVWUDOLDDWWKH3HVKDZDUGU\SRUW
Table 17: 6HOHFWHG VHL]XUHV UHSRUWHG LQ 2FHDQLD LQYROYLQJ RSLDWHV WUDIILFNHG IURP 3DNLVWDQ DQG WKH
,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQ
Date
Drug
$PRXQWNJ
Transportation
Seized Country
7UDIFNHGIURP
0DU
Heroin
0DULWLPH
Australia
3DNLVWDQ
-XO
2SLXP
$LU)UHLJKW
Australia
,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQ
1RY
Heroin
0DULWLPH
Australia
,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQ
)HE
Heroin
QD
Australia
,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQ
6HL]XUHVUHSRUWHGLQ2FHDQLDDFFRXQWIRURQO\DVPDOOSHUFHQWDJHRIWKHJOREDOWRWDO:LWKMXVWXQGHUSHUFHQW
RIWKHZRUOGVSRSXODWLRQLQLWVVKDUHRIJOREDOKHURLQVHL]XUHVE\YROXPHLQZDVSHUFHQW
9LUWXDOO\DOORIWKHVHSHUFHQWZHUHUHSRUWHGLQ$XVWUDOLD7DEOH2IFLDOO\UHSRUWHGVHL]XUHVLQ$XVWUDOLD
XFWXDWHGEHWZHHQDQGUHPHPEHULQJWKDWWKHSURSRUWLRQRI$IJKDQKHURLQKDVYDULHG6LQFH
WKHWRWDOKDVJURZQQRWLFHDEO\UHDFKLQJNJLQZKLFKZDVDOPRVWGRXEOHWKDWUHFRUGHGIRU
0RVWVHL]XUHVWRRNSODFHDWVHDSRUWVRQWKHHDVWHUQFRDVWRI$XVWUDOLDRUDWDLUSRUWV6HH0DS$FFRUGLQJWR
Australian agencies,GHVSLWHDUHGXFWLRQLQWKHQXPEHURIKHURLQVHL]XUHVLQUHFHQW\HDUVWKHZHLJKWRIWKH
FRQVLJQPHQWVKDVEHHQODUJH
219
220
221
222
217
218
83
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Australia
194.5
513.5
609
1,090
429
1HZ=HDODQG
TOTAL
6RXUFH812'&$QQXDO5HSRUW4XHVWLRQQDLUHDQG'DWDEDVHRQ(VWLPDWHVDQG/RQJWHUP7UHQG$QDO\VLV'(/7$
Map 23:/RFDWLRQRIKHURLQVHL]XUHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHPDGHLQ2FHDQLDDVUHSRUWHGWR
812'&SUHVHQWHGLQJRYHUQPHQWUHSRUWV
%\ZHLJKWSHUFHQWRIWKHKHURLQVHL]HGLQ$XVWUDOLDZDVWUDQVSRUWHGE\DLUSHUFHQWWUDQVSRUWHGE\VHD
DQGSHUFHQWE\PDLO7UDIFNLQJE\VHDKDVLQYROYHGKHURLQKLGGHQLQIXUQLWXUHDSSOLDQFHVDQGIRRGLWHPV
WUDIFNLQJE\DLUKDVLQYROYHGKHURLQFRQFHDOHGDVSRZGHURUOLTXLGLQWHDFRIIHHKDLUSURGXFWVDQGERRNV,Q
WHUPVRIWKHQXPEHURIFDVHVWKHPRVWIUHTXHQWO\UHSRUWHGPHWKRGRIWUDIFNLQJLVE\PDLO
3DWWHUQV RI WUDIFNLQJ E\ PDLO WR 2FHDQLD SURYLGH D VWULNLQJ GHPRQVWUDWLRQ RI WKH JOREDOL]HG WUDGH LQ$IJKDQ
RSLDWHVDQGWKHFRQYROXWHGOLQNVLQWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHFKDLQ)RUH[DPSOHLQ$XVWUDOLDUHSRUWHGWKDWDW
OHDVWSHUFHQWRIKHURLQVHL]HGRQLWVWHUULWRU\FDPHIURPWKH1HWKHUODQGVZKLFKLVQRWDKHURLQSURGXFLQJ
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FHUWDLQO\HPHUJLQJ7KHLQIRUPDWLRQDYDLODEOHDWSUHVHQWVXJJHVWVWKDWGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVRI$IULFDDUHGHYHORSLQJ
LPSRUWDQWUROHVLQIDFLOLWDWLQJWKHWUDQVLWRIVRXWKHUQURXWHKHURLQDQGQHWZRUNVIURPWKRVHUHJLRQVKDYH
WDNHQFRQWURORIVRPHWUDIFNLQJURXWHV
304
103
10. Europe
(XURSHKDVEHHQDOXFUDWLYHPDUNHWIRUWUDIFNHUVRI$IJKDQKHURLQIRUPRUHWKDQ\HDUV7KHODWHVW812'&
HVWLPDWHV ZRXOG VXJJHVW D KHURLQ PDUNHW YDOXH RI VRPH 86 ELOOLRQ SHU \HDU LQ :HVWHUQ DQG &HQWUDO
(XURSH/DWHVWGDWDDYDLODEOHVXJJHVWWKDWWZRWKLUGVRIWKHKHURLQPDUNHWLQ:HVWDQG&HQWUDO(XURSHZRXOG
EHDFFRXQWHGIRUE\RQO\IRXUFRXQWULHVWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRP,WDO\)UDQFHDQG*HUPDQ\LQWHUPVRIQXPEHURI
XVHUV,QWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRPDORQHODZHQIRUFHPHQWDJHQFLHVHVWLPDWHWKDWWRQVRIKHURLQDUHLPSRUWHG
DQQXDOO\DYDVWPDMRULW\RIZKLFKFRPHVIURP$IJKDQRSLDWHV
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RUODWHVW\HDUDYDLODEOH
Rest of Western
and Central
Europe 31%
United Kingdom
(England and
Wales) 25%
Italy 17%
Germany 15%
France
12%
6RXUFH812'&$QQXDO5HSRUW4XHVWLRQQDLUHV$54V:RUOG'UXJ5HSRUW
From
Seized in
8QLWHG.LQJGRP
(QJODQGDQG:DOHV
2SLDWHVPD\LQFOXGH
PHWKDGRQHXVHUV
,WDO\
Opiates
)UDQFH
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Opiates
TOTAL
774,810
812'&:RUOG'UXJ5HSRUW
HVWLPDWHV
812'&EHVWHVWLPDWH:RUOG'UXJ
5HSRUWDQQH[
Country
:HVWHUQDQG&HQWUDO
(XURSH
305
306
104
7UDGLWLRQDOO\(XURSHDQRSLDWHXVHUVKDYHEHHQVHUYHGE\WUDIFNLQJURXWHVWKURXJKWKH,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQ
DQG7XUNH\WKH%DONDQURXWH0RUHUHFHQWO\LWKDVEHFRPHFOHDUWKDW(XURSHVSHFLFDOO\:HVWHUQDQG&HQWUDO
(XURSHLVLQFUHDVLQJO\DGHVWLQDWLRQIRUKHURLQWUDIFNHGIURP$IJKDQLVWDQDORQJWKHVRXWKHUQURXWH
8QWLO WKH HDUO\ V 7XUNLVK RUJDQL]HG FULPH JURXSV ZHUH YHU\ DFWLYH LQ KHURLQ WUDIFNLQJ WRJHWKHU ZLWK
JURXSV LQ 6RXWK(DVWHUQ (XURSH /DZ HQIRUFHPHQW DFWLYLW\ KDV LPSDFWHG7XUNLVK GRPLQDQFH ZKLOH 3DNLVWDQL
QHWZRUNVKDYHEHFRPHLQFUHDVLQJO\DFWLYH)XUWKHUPRUHWKHXVHRIWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHKDVEURXJKWZLWKLW
QHZWUDIFNLQJPRGXVRSHUDQGLLQFOXGLQJWKHXVHRIQHZUHJLRQVVXFKDVWKH0LGGOH(DVWDQG*XOIFRXQWULHV
SDUWLFXODUO\'XEDLDQG(DVWDQG:HVW$IULFDDVWUDQVLWSRLQWV
1RWDEOH WDUJHWV IRU WUDIFNLQJ YLD WKH VRXWKHUQ URXWH KDYH EHHQ WKH 8QLWHG .LQJGRP %HOJLXP DQG WKH
1HWKHUODQGV 7KHUH DUH JRRG UHDVRQV WR EHOLHYH WKDW D SDUW RI WKH KHURLQ WUDIFNHG WR %HOJLXP DQG WKH
1HWKHUODQGVLVDOVRGHVWLQHGIRUWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRP(XURSROKDVDOVRVXJJHVWHGWKDWVRPHJURXSVZRUNLQJ
ZLWKVRXWKHUQURXWHVXSSOLHVDSSHDUWREHWU\LQJWRDYRLG7XUNLVKJURXSVDQGOLNHO\DOVRODZHQIRUFHPHQW
DORQJWKH%DONDQURXWHE\VHQGLQJGLUHFWVKLSPHQWVE\VHD
)LJXUHVXJJHVWVWKHSRWHQWLDOQDQFLDOLQFHQWLYHVIRUWKLVNLQGRIWUDIFNLQJNJRIKHURLQFRVWVDURXQG
86LQ3DNLVWDQEXW86LQWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRP'LVLQWHUPHGLDWLRQE\JURXSVZRUNLQJGLUHFWO\
ZLWKVXSSOLHVIURP3DNLVWDQFXWWLQJRXWWKHIDFLOLWDWRUVLQWKH,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQ7XUNH\DQGWKH%DONDQV
PD\JHQHUDWHDGGLWLRQDOSURW7KLVPD\DOVRUHVXOWLQJUHDWHUVSHFLDOL]DWLRQRIVXSSO\URXWHVVLQFHLWZRXOG
LPSO\ WKDW VRPH RI WKH RSLDWHV WUDQVLWLQJ WKURXJK WKH ,VODPLF 5HSXEOLF RI ,UDQ DUH LQWHQGHG VROHO\ IRU GUXJ
PDUNHWV FORVHU WKDQ (XURSH $ORQJ WKH %DONDQ URXWH VKLSPHQWV QHHG WR FURVV EHWZHHQ YH DQG WHQ ERUGHUV
EHIRUHUHDFKLQJWKHLUQDOGHVWLQDWLRQ2QWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHGHVSLWHOHVVGLUHFWLWLQHUDULHVVKLSPHQWVFDQEH
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50 000
45 000
40 000
35 000
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
Pakistan (2011)
UK (2012)
UNODC (2014), The Illicit Drug Trade through South-Eastern Europe, p.14. Vienna: United Nations publication.
309
310
311
307
308
105
7KH %ULWLVK PDUNHW KDV IRU VRPH \HDUV EHHQ VXSSOLHG E\ WKH %DONDQ URXWH YLD7XUNH\ ,Q WKH 8QLWHG
.LQJGRPUHSRUWHGDUHGXFWLRQLQKHURLQHQWHULQJWKHFRXQWU\YLD7XUNH\DQGDQLQFUHDVHLQKHURLQGHSDUWLQJ
IURP3DNLVWDQDGGLQJWKDWKHURLQVHL]HGDWRUQHDU8QLWHG.LQJGRPERUGHUVKDGEHHQSUHGRPLQDQWO\WUDIFNHG
GLUHFWO\IURP3DNLVWDQ2IFLDOUHSRUWVIURP3DNLVWDQDOVRDSSHDUWRLQGLFDWHWKDWWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRPLVD
PDLQGHVWLQDWLRQ
+HURLQKDVORQJEHHQWUDIFNHGE\DLUWRWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRPIURP3DNLVWDQZKHUHDVWKHODUJHYROXPHVRI
KHURLQDUULYLQJYLDWKHPDULWLPHURXWHIURP3DNLVWDQDSSHDUVWREHDQHZSKHQRPHQRQ,QPRVWRI
WKHFRXQWU\VKHURLQVHHPHGWRDUULYHLQFRQWDLQHUVIURP3DNLVWDQHLWKHUGLUHFWO\RUWKURXJK%HOJLXPDQGWKH
1HWKHUODQGV)LJXUHVKRZVWKDWSHUFHQWRIVHL]XUHVRINJRUPRUHHIIHFWHGDWWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRP
ERUGHULQLQYROYHGKHURLQWUDIFNHGIURP3DNLVWDQ,WVKRXOGEHQRWHGKRZHYHUWKDWDVRIWKH8QLWHG
.LQJGRPDVVHVVHVWKDWZKLOHKHURLQFRQWLQXHVWREHLPSRUWHGIURP3DNLVWDQLWDSSHDUVWKDW7XUNLVKFRQWUROOHG
WUDIFNLQJLVLQFUHDVLQJZKLFKZRXOGVXJJHVWDUHYLYDORIWKHXVHRIWKH%DONDQURXWH
Figure 49: 'HSDUWXUHFRXQWU\IRU8QLWHG.LQJGRPERUGHUVHL]XUHVNJRUPRUH
2011
2012
Unknows 7%
Czech republic 5%
Netherlands 2%
Belgium 4%
Belgium 9%
Netherlands 27%
Pakistan 61%
Pakistan 84%
Kosovo
(territory) 1%
6RXUFH,OOLFLWGUXJWUHQGVWKURXJK6RXWK(DVWHUQ(XURSH812'&0DUFK%DVHGRQVHL]XUHVRINJ
2WKHUFRXQWULHVWKDWZRXOGWUDGLWLRQDOO\UHSRUWEHLQJVXSSOLHGIURPWKH%DONDQURXWHKDYHUHFHQWO\UHSRUWHG
VXSSOLHVIURPWKHVRXWKHUQURXWH6SDLQWUDGLWLRQDOO\FLWHGWKH%DONDQURXWHDVEHLQJGRPLQDQWXSWR
7KLVDSSHDUHGWRFKDQJHDVRIZKHQIRUWKHUVWWLPHWKHPDLQGHSDUWXUHWUDQVLWFRXQWULHVIRUKHURLQ
PHQWLRQHGLQRIFLDO6SDQLVKUHSRUWVZHUH3DNLVWDQ%HOJLXPDQGSHUKDSVXQH[SHFWHGO\8JDQGD,Q
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
106
Kenya 43%
Tanzania 38%
6RXUFH'DWDSURYLGHGE\&KDUOHV'H*DXOOH$LUSRUW3DULV)UDQFH812'&5HJLRQDO2IFHIRU:HVW$IULFD
322
UNODC (2014), The Illicit Drug Trade through South-Eastern Europe, Vienna: United Nations publication.
323
DCSA, Annual Report 2012.
324
048d5554ca16aeb780682f008)
325
via large goods vehicles and Ro-Ro ferries.
326
326
320
321
107
4W\NJ
Departure
Transit
Destination
Arrests
Route
Uganda
%HOJLXP
Spain
&DPHURRQQDWLRQDO
(QWHEEH%UXVVHOV
7DQ]DQLD
(WKLRSLD
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Benin
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&RWRXQRX%UXVVHOV
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7DQ]DQLDQQDWLRQDO
1DLUREL%UXVVHOV
/MXEOMDQD
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6RXUFH%HOJLDQ)HGHUDO3ROLFH
$OWKRXJKWRRHDUO\WRWHOOZKHWKHUWKLVLVDWUHQGVRXWKHUQURXWHWUDIFNLQJKDVDOVRDIIHFWHG(DVWDQG&HQWUDO
(XURSHZKLFKLVXQSUHFHGHQWHG,Q6ORYHQLDUHSRUWHGLWVUVWVHL]XUHVRIKHURLQWUDYHOOLQJIURP(DVW$IULFD
E\DLUDQGGHVWLQHGIRU,WDO\7ZRRIWKHVHL]XUHVZHUHRIKLJKSXULW\SHUFHQWDQGFXWZLWKFDIIHLQH$Q
DGGLWLRQDONJRIKHURLQWUDYHOOLQJIURP1DLURELDQGGHVWLQHGIRU6ORYHQLDZDVVHL]HGLQ%UXVVHOVRQ-XQH
,WLVDOVRLQWHUHVWLQJWRQRWHWKDW.HQ\DQDXWKRULWLHVUHSRUWHGDVHL]XUHRINJRIKHURLQLQ-DQXDU\
GLUHFWHGWR+XQJDU\E\DLU
Table 28: +HURLQVHL]XUHVLQ6ORYHQLDOLQNHGWR(DVW$IULFD
Date
Amount
J
J
J
Method
Route
5HPDUNV
+HURLQK\GURFKORULGHSHUFHQW
SXULW\FXWZLWKFDIIHLQH
Air
1DLUREL6ORYHQLD,WDO\
+HURLQK\GURFKORULGHSHUFHQW
SXULW\FXWZLWKFDIIHLQH
+HURLQK\GURFKORULGHSHUFHQW
SXULW\FXWZLWKFDIIHLQH
6RXUFH*HQHUDO3ROLFH'LUHFWRUDWH&ULPLQDO3ROLFH'LUHFWRUDWHRIWKH0LQLVWU\RIWKH,QWHULRURI6ORYHQLD)HEUXDU\
327
2013.
328
Information provided by the Central Drug Service of Belgium, July 2013.
329
108
)XUWKHU HDVWZDUG LQ 1RYHPEHU WKH 8NUDLQLDQ SROLFH LQ .KDUNLY VHL]HG NJ RI KHURLQ 7KH FDUJR ZDV
WUDIFNHGE\VHDWR8NUDLQHIURP3DNLVWDQLQDVKLSSLQJFRQWDLQHU)URPWKHVHDSRUWRI2GHVVDWKHFRQWDLQHU
ZDVGHOLYHUHGWR.KDUNLYDQGZDVGHVWLQHGIRU,WDO\8SVWUHDP3DNLVWDQKDVUHSRUWHGDVLQJOHVHL]XUHRINJ
DW.DUDFKLGHVWLQHGIRU8NUDLQHE\PDULWLPHWUDIFNLQJ-XQH
:KLOHLWLVXQZLVHWREDVHEURDGFRQFOXVLRQVRQWKHVHVLQJOHHYHQWVWKHVHLQFLGHQWVPD\LQGLFDWHWKDW(DVWHUQ
DQG&HQWUDO(XURSHDUHLQFUHDVLQJO\ZLWKLQWKHUHDFKRIWKHVRXWKHUQURXWH8QWLOQRZQRVHL]XUHVKDYHEHHQ
UHSRUWHGLQWKH5XVVLDQ)HGHUDWLRQVXJJHVWLQJWKDW$IJKDQKHURLQPD\EHLPSRUWHGYLDWKHVRXWKHUQURXWH
Figure 51:'HSDUWXUHFRXQWULHVIRUKHURLQVHL]HGLQ,WDO\
2011
2012
Benin 3% Ghana 2%
France 3% Belgium 2%
Spain 2%
Germany 3%
Turkey 5%
Belgium 1%
Cameroon 3%
Kenya 4%
Pakistan 8%
Pakistan 6%
Greece 29%
Greece 31%
Kenya 11%
Albania 13%
Uganda 16%
Tanzania 21%
Netherland 13%
Tanzania 25%
Turkey 1%
West Africa 3%
South and South East Asia 4%
West and Central Europe 4%
331
332
330
109
7KDWVDLGLWDSSHDUVWKDWLWZLOOEHFRPHLQFUHDVLQJO\GLIFXOWWRGLVHQWDQJOHWKH%DONDQURXWHIURPWKHVRXWKHUQ
URXWH7KHODUJHVWKHURLQVHL]XUHLQ*UHHNKLVWRU\ZDVHIIHFWHGLQ-XQH,WFRQVLVWHGRIRYHUWRQVRI
KHURLQWKDWZHUHWUDQVSRUWHGDERDUGDPDULWLPHRLOWDQNHUYHVVHOWKDWDOOHJHGO\WUDYHOOHGIURPWKH*XOIRI2PDQ
YLDWKH6XH]&DQDOLQWRWKHSRUWRI(OHIVLQD*UHHFH*UHHNODZHQIRUFHPHQWUHSRUWWKDWWKHKHURLQRULJLQDWHGLQ
$IJKDQLVWDQDQGWUDQVLWHGWKH,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQRU3DNLVWDQEHIRUHEHLQJSODFHGRQWKHPDULWLPHYHVVHO
LQWKH*XOIRI2PDQ$YDLODEOHLQIRUPDWLRQLQGLFDWHVWKDWWKHKHURLQZDVGHVWLQHGIRU:HVWHUQ(XURSHPDLQO\
WR %HOJLXP DQG WKH SXULW\ RI WKH KHURLQ EDVH ZDV UHSRUWHG DW RYHU SHU FHQW 7KDW VDPH\HDU VHYHUDO
LPSRUWDQWVHL]XUHVRIKHURLQWUDIFNHGGLUHFWO\IURP3DNLVWDQZHUHUHSRUWHGLQ*UHHFH,WLVVLJQLFDQWWRQRWH
WKDWVXFKVHL]XUHVFRXOGVLPSO\EHWKHUHVXOWRIPRUHWDUJHWHGVFUHHQLQJE\WKH+HOOHQLFDXWKRULWLHVKRZHYHU
LQWKHFRQWH[WRIRWKHUVRXWKHUQURXWHVHL]XUHVDFURVV(XURSHLQFUHDVHGWUDIFNLQJIURP3DNLVWDQYLD*UHHFH
FDQQRWEHH[FOXGHG
Table 29: 6HOHFWHGVHL]XUHVLQ*UHHFHZLWK3DNLVWDQDVDGHSDUWXUHWUDQVLWFRXQWU\
Date
Amount
Method
Route
NJ
$LUWUDIFNLQJIDOVHERWWRPOXJJDJH
3DNLVWDQLQDWLRQDODUUHVWHG
/DKRUH3DNLVWDQ,VWDQEXO$WKHQV
8QLWHG.LQJGRP
NJ
NJ
$LUWUDIFNLQJIDOVHERWWRPOXJJDJH
3DNLVWDQLQDWLRQDODUUHVWHG
/DKRUH'RKD$WKHQV
NJ
$LUWUDIFNLQJOXJJDJH3DNLVWDQL
national arrested
.DUDFKL'RKD$WKHQV
6RXUFH1DUFRWLFV6XEGLYLVLRQJHQHUDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQRIFH+HOOHQLF3ROLFHJXUHVKDYHEHHQURXQGHG
7UDIFNHUV EDVHG LQ 3DNLVWDQ DOVR DSSHDU WR KDYH WDUJHWHG 7XUNH\ IRU FRQWDLQHU WUDIFNLQJ )RU H[DPSOH LQ
$XJXVW NJ RI KHURLQ GHVWLQHG IRU7XUNH\ ZHUH VHL]HG DW 4DVLP ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQWDLQHU7HUPLQDO
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RFFXUVLPXOWDQHRXVO\
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FRXQWULHV $XVWULD %HOJLXP WKH &]HFK 5HSXEOLF 'HQPDUN )LQODQG )UDQFH *HUPDQ\ *UHHFH ,UHODQG ,WDO\
/LWKXDQLD1HWKHUODQGV3RUWXJDO6HUELD6ORYHQLD6SDLQ6ZHGHQ6ZLW]HUODQG8NUDLQHDQGWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRP
,WLVQRWFOHDUZKHWKHUWKLVLVVLPSO\DUHVSRQVHWRRSSRUWXQLWLHVSUHVHQWHGE\ORZHUSHUFHLYHGOHYHOVRIODZ
HQIRUFHPHQWDORQJWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHRUDVLJQLFDQWGXUDEOHFKDQJHLQWKHLOOLFLWWUDIFNLQJRIRSLDWHV
7KLUW\VLJQLFDQWVHL]XUHVRINJDQGDERYHZHUHUHSRUWHGWR812'&E\WKHVHFRXQWULHVRYHU
LQYROYLQJDWRWDORINJRIKHURLQVRPHRIZKLFKDUHOLVWHGLQ7DEOH,QSDUWLFXODUDQXPEHURIODUJH
VHL]XUHVZHUHPDGHDWVHDSRUWVLQ%HOJLXP6SDLQDQGWKH1HWKHUODQGVLQFOXGLQJDVHL]XUHDW5RWWHUGDPRI
NJRIKHURLQLQDQGDVHL]XUHRINJLQ$QWZHUS%HOJLXPDOVRLQ7DEOH7KLVODVWFDVH
GLGQRWVLPSO\LQYROYHVHQGLQJVKLSPHQWVWRDFRQWDLQHUSRUWLQWKHKRSHWKDWWKH\ZRXOGEOHQGLQWROLFLWWUDGH
RZV 7UDIFNHUV KDG UHFUXLWHG KDFNHUV WR EUHDN LQWR FRPSXWHUV WKDW WUDFNHG DQG PRQLWRUHG WKH PRYHPHQW
DQGORFDWLRQRIVKLSSLQJFRQWDLQHUVDUULYLQJDW$QWZHUSVHDSRUW6LPLODUWRRWKHUVHL]XUHVGLVFXVVHGLQWKLV
UHSRUWWKHKHURLQZDVRIKLJKSXULW\RYHUSHUFHQWEXWDOUHDG\FXWZLWKDGXOWHUDQWVGH[WURPHWKRUSKDQDQG
FDIIHLQH
provided by the US DEA, 7 January 2015.
334
335
336
Information provided by Belgian Customs, March 2013.
333
110
Amount
Method
Route
5HPDUNV
NJ
&RQWDLQHU
0DODZL0R]DPELTXH%HOJLXP
the Netherlands
3XULW\FXWZLWK
caffeine
6RXUFH%HOJLXP&XVWRPV
6HYHUDO VPDOOHU VHL]XUHV ZHUH DOVR PDGH DW DLUSRUWV LQ FRXQWULHV LQFOXGLQJ 'HQPDUN )UDQFH *HUPDQ\ ,WDO\
3RUWXJDO 6SDLQ DQG WKH 8QLWHG .LQJGRP RYHU )RU VPDOOHU VHL]XUHV WKH PRVW FRPPRQ PRGHV RI
WUDIFNLQJKDYHEHHQDLUDQGPDLO2IWKHVHDOPRVWSHUFHQWRIFRQVLJQPHQWVOLVWHG3DNLVWDQDVWKHFRXQWU\
RIGHSDUWXUHWUDQVLW
Table 31: 6HOHFWHGVRXWKHUQURXWHKHURLQVHL]XUHVLQ6SDLQ%HOJLXPDQGWKH1HWKHUODQGVNJ
Country of
seizure
Date
Transportation
method
Departure
(transit).country
Destination
Amount
%HOJLXP
'HF
&RQWDLQHU
,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQ
Netherlands
%HOJLXP
$SU
&RQWDLQHU
3DNLVWDQ
Netherlands
%HOJLXP
)HE
&RQWDLQHU
3DNLVWDQ
Netherlands
%HOJLXP
0DU
&RQWDLQHU
0R]DPELTXH
Netherlands
Netherlands
$XJ
&RQWDLQHU
3DNLVWDQ
8QLWHG.LQJGRP
Netherlands
0D\
&RQWDLQHU
,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQ
YLD8QLWHG$UDE(PLUDWHV
Netherlands
Spain
6HS
&RQWDLQHU
3DNLVWDQ
QD
Spain
-DQ
&RQWDLQHU
3DNLVWDQ
QD
6RXUFH62&$%HOJLDQ&XVWRPV:&2812'&&&3<HDU(QG5HSRUWS2IFLDOZHEVLWHRIWKH0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRURI6SDLQ./3'&HQWUDO
8QLW&HQWUDO,QWHOOLJHQFH'LYLVLRQGDWDIRUZDVXQDYDLODEOHDWWKHWLPHRIZULWLQJ
0DSLOOXVWUDWHVKHURLQVHL]XUHVDFURVV(XURSHIRUDOOURXWHVDQGFRXQWULHVRIRULJLQIURPWR7KH
PDMRULW\ RI ODUJH LQWHUFHSWLRQV RFFXUUHG DW VHDSRUWV ZLWK KHURLQ RULJLQDWLQJ IURP VRXWKHUQ URXWH GHSDUWXUH
SRLQWV
337
stop in Spain. Information provided by Spanish Customs, April 2013.
111
Map 29: /RFDWLRQ RI KHURLQ VHL]XUHV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK WKH VRXWKHUQ URXWH PDGH LQ (XURSH DV UHSRUWHG WR
812'&DQGSUHVHQWHGLQJRYHUQPHQWUHSRUWV
0DMRUURXWHVDQGPHWKRGV
$QDO\VLVRIVHL]XUHFDVHGDWDFRQFHUQLQJKHURLQHQURXWHWR(XURSHYLDWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHVKRZV
WKDWFRQVLJQPHQWVZHUHVHQWLQFRQWDLQHUVDQGKLGGHQDPRQJVWGLIIHUHQWZDUHVRUZLWKLQWKHFRQWDLQHUZDOOV
RUERDUGV:LWKUHJDUGWRKHURLQWUDIFNHGE\DLULWZDVKLGGHQLQGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIKDQGDQGFKHFNHGOXJJDJH
2QO\DVPDOODPRXQWRIWKHKHURLQVHL]HGZDVLQJHVWHG2IWKHFRQVLJQPHQWVVHQWE\PDLOKHURLQZDVRIWHQ
FRQFHDOHGLQSDUFHOVFRQWDLQLQJSHULVKDEOHIRRGLWHPVRULQPHUFKDQGLVHVXFKDVDMHZHOOHU\ER[HV6RPHWLPHV
KHURLQFRQVLJQPHQWVZHUHVLPSO\JURXSHGLQWRVPDOOSDFNHWVDVSDUWRIDSDUFHO
%DVHGRQWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDYDLODEOHDERXWSHUFHQWRIWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHKHURLQVHL]HGLQ(XURSHEHWZHHQ
DQGZDVWUDIFNHGIURP3DNLVWDQSHUFHQWIURP(DVW$IULFDSHUFHQWIURP6RXWK$VLDDQGSHU
FHQWIURP6RXWKHUQ$IULFD
112
Table 32: +HURLQ WUDIFNHG LQWR DQG VHL]HG LQ (XURSH YLD WKH VRXWKHUQ URXWH E\ UHJLRQ RI RULJLQWUDQVLW
No. of
seizures
Distribution (%) of
no. of seizures
6RXWK:HVW$VLD
$IJKDQLVWDQ
3DNLVWDQ
,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQ
South Asia
(DVW$IULFD
:HVWDQG&HQWUDO$IULFD
Southern Africa
North Africa
(DVWDQG6RXWK(DVW$VLD
0LGGOH(DVWDQG*XOI6WDWHV
762
100
6348.5
100
Origin/transit region
TOTAL
Quantity of heroin
Distribution (%) of
VHL]HGNJ quantity of heroin seized
0DSVXPPDUL]HVGHPRQVWUDWHGRUVXVSHFWHGURXWHVWKDWKDYHEHHQXVHGWRWUDIFKHURLQDORQJWKHVRXWKHUQ
URXWHWR(XURSH
113
1RWH 7KH ERXQGDULHV VKRZQ RQ WKLV PDS GR QRW LPSO\ RIFLDO HQGRUVHPHQW RU DFFHSWDQFH E\ WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 'DVKHG OLQHV UHSUHVHQW
XQGHWHUPLQHGERXQGDULHV7KHGRWWHGOLQHUHSUHVHQWVDSSUR[LPDWHO\WKH/LQHRI&RQWUROLQ-DPPXDQG.DVKPLUDJUHHGXSRQE\,QGLDDQG3DNLVWDQ
7KHQDOVWDWXVRI-DPPXDQG.DVKPLUKDVQRW\HWEHHQDJUHHGXSRQE\WKHSDUWLHV7KHQDOERXQGDU\EHWZHHQWKH6XGDQDQG6RXWK6XGDQKDV
QRW\HWEHHQGHWHUPLQHG
6RXUFH812'&EDVHGRQVHL]XUHGDWDIURP'UXJ0RQLWRULQJ3ODWIRUP'03,QGLYLGXDO'UXJ6HL]XUHV,'6DQG$54VXSSOHPHQWHGE\QDWLRQDO
JRYHUQPHQWUHSRUWVDQGRWKHURIFLDOUHSRUWV
7KHQXPHURXVVWRSRYHUVLQWKH0LGGOH(DVWLQYROYHGWUDIFNLQJE\DLULQSDUWLFXODU7KHUHKDYHDOVREHHQPDQ\
DWWHPSWVWRVPXJJOHKHURLQYLD$IULFDVRPHDSSDUHQWO\GHVWLQHGWR(XURSHDQGVRPHLQWUDQVLWWR&DQDGD7KH
PRVWFRPPRQURXWHVIRUWKHVHWZRWUDMHFWRULHVDUHVKRZQLQ7DEOH
114
Table 33:0RVWIUHTXHQWDLUDQGPDLOKHURLQWUDIFNLQJURXWHVIURPWKH0LGGOH(DVWDQG*XOIFRXQWULHVDQG
IURP$IULFDWR(XURSH
Destination
,UDT/HEDQRQ4DWDU6\ULDQ$UDE5HSXEOLF
'HQPDUN*HUPDQ\,WDO\6ZLW]HUODQG8NUDLQH
From Africa
Origin
(WKLRSLD.HQ\D0DGDJDVFDU
7DQ]DQLD8JDQGD
0R]DPELTXH6RXWK$IULFD
%HQLQ*KDQD&WHG,YRLUH
Mali, Nigeria
Destination
,WDO\)UDQFH6ORYHQLD6ZLW]HUODQG
%HOJLXP1HWKHUODQGV
&DQDGD
%HOJLXP1HWKHUODQGV
&DQDGD
%HOJLXP)UDQFH*HUPDQ\,WDO\
Netherlands
&DQDGD
Morocco
,WDO\1HWKHUODQGV
,Q WHUPV RI TXDQWLW\ WKH PDMRULW\ RI VLJQLFDQW VHL]XUHV RI NJ DQG DERYH UHSRUWHG WR 812'& LQ (XURSH
RYHUFRQFHUQHGKHURLQWUDIFNHGE\VHDWKHVHVHL]XUHVDFFRXQWHGIRUSHUFHQWRIWKHKHURLQ
VHL]HGE\TXDQWLW\EXWRQO\FRQVLVWHGRISHUFHQWRIFDVHV7KHPDMRUPDULWLPHDWWHPSWVKDYHFLUFOHG$IULFDLQ
FRQWDLQHURURWKHUFRPPHUFLDOFDUJR.QRZQURXWHVLQFOXGH3DNLVWDQWRWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRPZLWKWUDQVLWLQ
%HOJLXPDQGWKH1HWKHUODQGV
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6WDWHVVXFKDVWKH.LQJGRPRI%DKUDLQRUWKH8QLWHG$UDE(PLUDWHV7KHSURPLQHQFHRI*HUPDQ\DQGWKH8QLWHG
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E\WKH%DONDQURXWHWUDIFNLQJURXWHWKURXJKWKH,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI,UDQDQG7XUNH\3DNLVWDQLQHWZRUNVKDYH
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WDUJHWVIRUWUDIFNLQJYLDWKHVRXWKHUQURXWH$QXPEHURIRWKHUFRXQWULHVWKDWLQWKHSDVWZHUHPDLQO\EHLQJ
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SURPLQHQWVRXUFHVRIRSLDWHVLQWUDQVLWIURP$IJKDQLVWDQ$OWKRXJKLWPD\EHHDUO\WRWHOOZKHWKHUWKLVLVDWUHQG
KHURLQWUDIFNHGYLDWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHKDVDOVREHHQVHL]HGLQ(DVWDQG&HQWUDO(XURSHZLWKVSHFLFVHL]XUHV
LQ6ORYHQLDDQG8NUDLQHVKRZLQJWKHQHHGWRFORVHO\PRQLWRUGHYHORSPHQWVLQWKLVUHJDUG
338
339
115
11 . North America
*HRJUDSKLFDOSUR[LPLW\DQGWKHVXSSRUWRIWUDIFNLQJFRQQHFWLRQVGHYHORSHGIRUWKHFRFDLQHWUDGHPDGH/DWLQ
$PHULFDWKHWUDGLWLRQDOVRXUFHRIKHURLQIRURSLDWHXVHUVLQ1RUWK$PHULFD*HRJUDSKLFDOO\LWLVKDUGWRQGDQ\
PDMRU KHURLQ PDUNHW WKDW LV IXUWKHU DZD\ IURP$IJKDQLVWDQ WKDQ 1RUWK$PHULFD 7KH GHYHORSPHQW RI RSLDWH
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IRU$IJKDQKHURLQLQWKHQHDUIXWXUHEXWFDQSURYLGHDOXFUDWLYHQLFKHIRUVRPHWUDIFNLQJJURXSV
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RI,UDQ$VRI6RXWK$IULFDLVDOVROLVWHGDVDPDLQGHSDUWXUHFRXQWU\E\&DQDGLDQDXWKRULWLHVZLWKWKH
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Figure 53:+HURLQVHL]XUHVLQ&DQDGDNJ
250
200
150
100
50
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
,QDQG86DXWKRULWLHVVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKHDYDLODELOLW\RI6RXWK:HVW$VLDQKHURLQZDVJURZLQJEXW
HVWLPDWHVRILWVVKDUHRIWKHKHURLQPDUNHWVKRZLWUHPDLQLQJEHORZSHUFHQWRIWKHWRWDOPDUNHWLQ
7KH86$UHSRUWVWKDW:HVW$IULFDQJURXSVDUHWKHSULPDU\WUDIFNHUVLQKHURLQIURP6RXWK:HVW$VLDRSHUDWLQJ
LQPDQ\PDMRUFLWLHVDGHYHORSPHQWQRWHGLQVHYHUDOPDUNHWVVHUYHGE\WKHVRXWKHUQURXWH,WLVLPSRUWDQW
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XVHUVPD\EHWXUQLQJWRKHURLQGXHWRORZHUSULFHDQGHDVLHUDFFHVV
UNODC (2011), The global Afghan opium trade: a threat assessment, p.73. Vienna: United Nations publication.
342
343
344
345
US Drug Enforcement Administration, National Drug Threat Assessment Summary 2014.
346
347
348
US Drug Enforcement Administration, National Drug Threat Assessment Summary 2014.
340
341
116
7KH86$DFFRXQWVIRUDVXEVWDQWLDOPDMRULW\RIRYHUDOOKHURLQVHL]XUHVLQ1RUWK$PHULFD7KHTXDQWLW\RIKHURLQ
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FRQWUDVWVHL]XUHVLQ&DQDGDKDYHXFWXDWHGRYHUWKLVSHULRGUHPDLQLQJZLWKLQWKHUDQJHRINJWRNJ
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WRGLVWDQWGHVWLQDWLRQVVXFKDVWKH0LGGOH(DVW,QWKH86$$IJKDQKHURLQLVIRXQGSUHGRPLQDQWO\LQPDMRU
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6WDWHVDVUHSRUWHGWR812'&DQGSUHVHQWHGLQJRYHUQPHQWUHSRUWV
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1RUWK$PHULFDEHWZHHQDQG7KHPDMRULW\XVHGDLUFRXULHUVRUZHUHWUDIFNHGE\PDLO%H\RQGWKHVH
ODUJHUVHL]XUHVQXPHURXVVPDOOHUDWWHPSWVZHUHVHL]HGLQWKH86$WRWDOOLQJNJRIKHURLQDQGLQ
&DQDGDLQYROYLQJNJRIKHURLQ,QDGGLWLRQDQXPEHURIHIIRUWVWRVPXJJOHKHURLQDORQJWKHVRXWKHUQURXWH
WR1RUWK$PHULFDKDYHEHHQLQWHUGLFWHGLQRWKHUUHJLRQV)RUH[DPSOHNJRIKHURLQZDVVHL]HGLQ0DUFK
DW3RUW4DVLPLQ.DUDFKL3DNLVWDQZLWKDQLQGLFDWHGGHVWLQDWLRQRI7RURQWR&DQDGD This is echoed in
WKHPRVWUHFHQWRIFLDOUHSRUWVLVVXHGE\3DNLVWDQZKHUH&DQDGDIHDWXUHVDVDPDLQGHVWLQDWLRQIRUKHURLQ
National Drug Threat Assessment, 2014, p.8.
350
351
349
117
Mode of
7UDIFNLQJ
Seized In
Departed From
Intended
Destination
Information Source
0DULWLPH
&DQDGD
3DNLVWDQ
&DQDGD
0$5,1)2
Air
&DQDGD
3DNLVWDQ
&DQDGD
&DQDGD%RUGHU
Services Agency
Air
&DQDGD
3DNLVWDQ
&DQDGD
01&3DNLVWDQ
USA
3DNLVWDQ
&DQDGD
:&2
Air
&DQDGD
3DNLVWDQ
8QNQRZQ
&DQDGD%RUGHU
Services Agency
&DQDGD
3DNLVWDQ
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Services Agency
0DULWLPH
USA
8QLWHG$UDE(PLUDWHV
USA
:&2
Air
USA
3DNLVWDQ
USA
:&2
Air
&DQDGD
3DNLVWDQ
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Services Agency
Air
USA
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USA
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Air
&DQDGD
3DNLVWDQ
8QNQRZQ
&DQDGD%RUGHU
Services Agency
Air
&DQDGD
3DNLVWDQ
&DQDGD
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Services Agency
Date
7UDIFNLQJURXWHVDQGPHWKRGV
,Q&DQDGDUHSRUWHGWKDWDSSUR[LPDWHO\SHUFHQWRIKHURLQVHL]XUHVKDGDUULYHGE\DLUDQGSHUFHQW
E\PDLO'HVSLWHWKLVSURPLQHQFHRIDLUDQGPDLOWUDIFNLQJWKH&DQDGLDQVHDSRUWVKDYHEHHQDVVHVVHGDV
YXOQHUDEOH WR RSLDWH WUDIFNLQJ IURP 3DNLVWDQ WKH ,VODPLF 5HSXEOLF RI ,UDQ DQG$IJKDQLVWDQ As previously
PHQWLRQHGDODUJHVHL]XUHRINJRIKHURLQZDVPDGHLQLQ3DNLVWDQGHVWLQHGIRU&DQDGDE\VHD7DEOH
VKRZVVHOHFWHGVHL]XUHVDW&DQDGLDQPDULQHSRUWVEHWZHHQDQG
Table 35: 6HOHFWHGKHURLQVHL]XUHVDW&DQDGLDQPDULQHSRUWV
Quantity
NJ
Smuggling /
Concealment Methods
Source
-XO\
,QGLD
&RQWDLQHU
$PRQJEDJVRIULFH
5&03D
2FWREHU
3DNLVWDQ
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LQZDOOVRIER[HV
5&03
-XO\
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8QLWHG$UDE(PLUDWHV
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5&03
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3DNLVWDQ
Date of Seizure
&RQWDLQHU
0RQWUDO3ROLFH
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6RXUFH(FRQRPLF6HFWRUV9XOQHUDEOHWR2UJDQL]HG&ULPH0DULQH3RUW2SHUDWLRQV-DQXDU\PRUHUHFHQWGDWDZDVQRWDYDLODEOHDWWKHWLPH
RIZULWLQJ
352
353
118
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WRWKH86$7UDQVLWSRLQWVLQFOXGHG*KDQD1LJHULDDQG,QGLDZLWKH[DPSOHVRIFDVHVDOVRWUDQVLWLQJ(WKLRSLD
4DWDU7DQ]DQLD0DOLWKH8QLWHG$UDE(PLUDWHVDQG(XURSH,Q2FWREHU&DQDGLDQODZHQIRUFHPHQWRIFLDOV
reportedlyVHL]HGNJRIKHURLQVPXJJOHGE\DLUIURP3DNLVWDQLQDER[)RUWUDIFNHUVWKLVKDQGVRIIPHWKRG
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VHL]XUHKDGDQHVWLPDWHGYDOXHRIDOPRVW86PLOOLRQ,WVKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDWDWOHDVWRQH&DQDGLDQVHL]XUH
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7KHYHSDFNDJHVRULJLQDWHGLQ7DQ]DQLD
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VXJJHVWVWKDWWKHPDMRULW\RIWKHKHURLQTXDQWLW\LQWHUGLFWHGDORQJWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHGHVWLQHGWR1RUWK$PHULFD
ZDVWUDIFNHGE\PDLOYLDWUDQVLWFRXQWULHVVXFKDV)UDQFH*HUPDQ\,QGLD1LJHULD3DNLVWDQDQG6ZLW]HUODQG
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DPRQJVWWKHVRXWKHUQURXWHWUDQVLWSRLQWVRQWKHZD\WR1RUWK$PHULFDDWWHPSWVWKURXJK(XURSHDQG3DNLVWDQ
DUHWKHPRVWFRPPRQIRU&DQDGDZKHUHDV6RXWK:HVW$VLDDQG$IULFDDUHPXFKPRUHUHOHYDQWIRUWKH86$,W
UHPDLQVXQFOHDUZK\WKHUHZRXOGEHGLVWLQFWOLQNVIRUHDFKFRXQWU\LQ1RUWK$PHULFDWKLVPD\VXJJHVWSDUDOOHO
DQGSHUKDSVORFDOL]HGFRQQHFWLRQVIRFXVLQJRQ&DQDGDDQGWKH86$UDWKHUWKDQVWURQJFRRUGLQDWLRQRIVRXWKHUQ
URXWHWUDIFNLQJWR1RUWK$PHULFD
2XWVLGHRI1RUWK$PHULFDKHURLQWUDIFNHUVDUUHVWHGLQDWWHPSWVWRWDUJHW&DQDGDRUWKH86$ZHUHLGHQWLHG
DVSHUFHQW1LJHULDQQDWLRQDOVSHUFHQW3DNLVWDQLQDWLRQDOVSHUFHQW,QGLDQQDWLRQDOVDQGSHUFHQW
Dutch nationals7KHODUJHSURSRUWLRQRI1LJHULDQVLVOLNHO\H[SODLQHGE\WKHREVHUYDWLRQE\WKH86$WKDWLWV
6RXWK:HVW$VLDQKHURLQLVSULPDULO\LPSRUWHGDQGGLVWULEXWHGE\:HVW$IULFDQJURXSV
356
Canada Border Services Agency.
357
354
355
119
No. of cases
Distribution
(%) of cases
Quantity of heroin
seized
Distribution (%) of
quantities seized
Canada
3DNLVWDQ
0LGGOH(DVWDQG*XOI6WDWHV
Africa
(XURSH
TOTAL
119
100%
1453.065
100%
0LGGOH(DVWDQG*XOI6WDWHV
Africa
(XURSH
TOTAL
236
100%
360
100%
South Asia
(DVWDQG6RXWK(DVW$VLD
USA
3DNLVWDQ
South Asia
(DVWDQG6RXWK(DVW$VLD
6XPPDU\
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SRVVLEOHIRU&DQDGDZKHUHDWOHDVWSHUFHQWRIWKHKHURLQVHL]HGEHWZHHQDQGRULJLQDWHGIURP
$IJKDQLVWDQ
120
121
/DZHQIRUFHPHQWFDSDFLW\DQGFRRSHUDWLRQ
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Resolution 1244 (1999).
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