The Central Core is found in all vertebrates.

Its five main regions help regulate basic life

processes, including breathing, pulse, arousal, movement, balance, sleep, and the early stage of
processing sensory information.

The Medulla is the center for breathing, waking, sleeping, and beating of the
heart.

The Pons triggers dreaming and waking from sleep.

The Reticular Formation signals the cerebral cortex to attend to new

stimulation and to remain alert even during sleep.

The Thalamus begins the process of interpreting sensory information. It

determines fundamental properties, such as whether something is good or
bad, and then forwards the information to the appropriate area of the cerebral
cortex, where information processing continues.

The Cerebellum coordinates body movements, controls posture, and maintains equilibriump

Neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Endorphins
Norepinephrine
GABA

Major functions

Excess is
Deficiency is
associated with associated with
Alzheimers
disease

Muscle movement, attention, arousal,

memory, emotion
Voluntary movement, learning, memory,
Schizophrenia
emotion
Sleep, wakefulness, appetite, mood,
aggression, impulsivity, sensory perception,
temperature regulation, pain suppression
Pain relief, pleasure
Learning, memory, dreaming, awakening,
emotion, stress-related increase in heart rate,
stress-related slowing of digestive processes
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

Parkinsonism
Depression

Depression

Glutamate

Main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Multiple
sclerosis

Neurons: Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body.

Dendrites: These tiny protrusions receive information from other neurons and transmit electrical
stimulation to the soma.
Synape: Allows information to pass from one neuron to the next.
Axon: Transmits the neural signal. The larger the axon, the faster it transmits information.
Operant Conditioning: This involves a selection from many response of the one situation that habitually
will be given in a stimulus
Classical Conditioning: The simplest form of learning insightful condition. The concept of insight.
Stimulus: Energy that produces a response in a sense organ
Reward: A stimulus that will maintain or increase the strength of response
Punishment: Any stimulus that decreases the probability that the previous behaviour will occur again
Extinction: Response that is no longer reinforced. Tend to disappear from the organism.
Reinforcement: The process by which a stimulus increases the probability the preceeding behaviour will
be repeated.