DRUG

Generic Name:
Gliclazide
Brand Name:
Diamicron
Drug Classification
:
Oral AntiDiabetic agent
Dosage:
Diamicron MR is for
use in adults only.
Dose may
vary from 30-120mg,
taken once daily
Should be
taken with food,
preferably at
breakfast time
Tablets are
modified release,
therefore should not
be broken or chewed
Always titrate
dose according to
individual patient
requirements, in

INDICATIONS
Diamicron MR is
used in the
treatment of
type II (noninsulin
dependent)
diabetes that
cannot be
controlled with
diet and
exercise.

ACTIONS
Gliclazide is a
blood glucoselowering agent.
Non-insulin
dependent
diabetes (NIDDM)
is due to a
decreased
sensitivity of the
body cells to
insulin, but the
pancreas still has
the ability to
produce insulin.
Gliclazide
stimulates the
islet cells of the
pancreas to
secrete insulin,
and also
increases their
sensitivity to their
normal stimulus,
glucose. These
effects restore the
(first-phase)
insulin secretion
that has become
diminished in

CONTRAINDICATIONS
This medication
must not be used in
the following cases:
-if you are allergic to
gliclazide
-if you have diabetes
requiring treatment
with insulin,
-in case of diabetes
complicated by
ketosis and acidosis,
diabetic precoma
-if you suffer from
severe liver or
kidney disease.
-in case of porphyria:
accumulation of
pigments (porphyria)
in the body
-if you are presently
taking a treatment
with miconazole (see
interactions with
other medications)
-if you are breast
feeding

SIDE EFFECTS
Medicines and
their possible
side effects
can affect
individual
people in
different ways.
The following
are some of
the side effects
that are known
to be
associated with
this medicine.
Just because a
side effect is
stated here
does not mean
that all people
using this
medicine will
experience
that or any
side effect.
Disturb
ances of the
gut such as
diarrhoea,
constipation,

NURSING CARE
Patients who are NPO may
need to have their dose
held to avoid hypoglycemia

steps of 30mg
Daily dose
should not exceed
120mg
Diamicron MR
can replace other
Gliclazide 80mg
tablets, one for one

NIDDM patients.
Gliclazide also
has effects
outside the
pancreas, where
it improves
insulin-stimulated
usage of glucose.
This combined
with its continuing
ability to
stimulate insulin
secretion, allow
Gliclazide to have
long-term blood
glucose-lowering
ability.Diamicron
MR is a modified
release tablet,
meaning the
blood
concentrations of
Gliclazide
increase slowly.
This produces
steadier insulin
release and more
moderated
diabetic control.

indigestion,
nausea,
vomiting or
abdominal
pain.
Tempor
ary visual
disturbances
at start of
treatment.
Low
blood glucose
level
(hypoglycaem
ia.
Skin
reactions such
as rash and
itch.
Disturb
ances in the
normal levels
of blood cells
in the blood.
Yellowin
g of the skin
and eyes
(jaundice).
Disturb
ance in liver
function.

Metformin
(Glucophage,
Glucophage XR)
Classification:
Metformin ;
biguanides,
Antidiabetic Agents

Diabetes Mellitus
type 2

Biguanide oral
hypoglycemic
agent. Unlike
sulfonylureas,
biguanides do not
stimulate the
release of insulin
from the beta
cells of the
pancreas.
Mechanism of
action is thought
to be due to both
increasing the
binding of insulin
to its receptor
and potentiating
insulin action.
Improves tissue
sensitivity to
insulin, increases
glucose transport
into skeletal
muscles and fat,
and suppresses
gluconeogenesis
and hepatic

Inflamm
ation of the
liver
(hepatitis).

Hypoglycemia
headache
or muscle
pain;
weakness;
or
mild
nausea,
vomiting,
diarrhea,
gas,
stomach
pain.

Give with food.

Swallow them
whole.
Do not break or
crush them.
Take exactly as
prescribed.
Monitor Blood
Glucose levels, to
evaluate
effectiveness.
Withhold drug if
patient develops
hypoxemia or sepsis
this will increase
the risk for lactic
acidosis.
Teach the patient to
avoid alcohol = will
increase the risk of
hypoglycemia.
Stress the importance
of diet, exercise,
controlling weight, and
monitoring blood
glucose is the regimen

production of
glucose, thus
lowering blood
glucose levels.

of treatment.