CNC of Machine Tools

COMPUTER
COMPUTER NUMERICAL
NUMERICAL CONTROL
CONTROL
OF
OF MACHINE
MACHINE TOOLS
TOOLS
Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation
University of Patras, Greece
Patra 2006
Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation
Dr.Dimitris Mourtzis
Mourtzis
Chapter 1:
An Introduction to Numerical Control
Machinery
Mourtzis
Objectives of Chapter 1
zz Describe
Describe the
the difference
difference between
between direct
direct and
and distributive
distributive
Numerical
NumericalControl
Control(NC)
(NC)
zz Describe
Describe the
the difference
difference between
between aa numerical
numerical control
control tape
tape
machine
machineand
andaaComputer
ComputerNumerical
NumericalControl
Control(CNC)
(CNC)machine
machine
zz Describe
Describe four
four ways
ways that
that programs
programs can
can be
be entered
entered into
into aa
computer
computernumerical
numericalcontroller
controller
zz Explain
Explaintwo
twotape
tapecode
codeformats
formatsin
inuse
usewith
withCNC
CNCmachinery
machinery
zz Give
Givethe
themajor
majorobjectives
objectivesof
ofNumerical
NumericalControl
Control
Mourtzis
zz Numerical
Numerical Control
Control (NC)
(NC) helps
helps solve
solve the
the problem
problem of
of making
making
Manufacturing
ManufacturingSystems
Systems(MFG)
(MFG)more
moreflexible
flexible
A
A Numerical
NumericalControl
Controlmachine
machineis
isaamachine
machinepositioned
positioned
automatically
-programmed path
automaticallyalong
alongaapre
pre-programmed
pathby
bymeans
meansof
of
coded
codedinstructions
instructions
zz Manual
: Manual
Manual Part
Part Programming
Programming:
Manual programming
programming of
of the
the
machines
machines
zz Computer
: Programming
Computer Aided
Aided Programming
Programming:
Programming done
done by
by aa
computer
computer
zz Manual
: AA manual
Manual Data
Data Input
Input (MDI)
(MDI):
manual program
program isis entered
entered into
into
the
s controller
themachine
machines
controller via
via its
its own
own keyboard
keyboard
Mourtzis
zz Computer
Computer isis used
used as
as the
the Control
Control Unit
Unit (CU)
(CU) of
of the
the modern
modern
Numerical
NumericalControl
Controlmachinery
machinery
zz Computer
Computer replaced
replaced the
the Tape
Tape Reader
Reader found
found on
on earlier
earlier NC
NC
machines
machines
zz Program
s
Program isis loaded
loaded into
into and
and executed
executed from
from the
the machine
machines
computer
computer
zz Computer
Computer Numerical
Numerical Control
Control (CNC)
(CNC) machines
machines are
are the
the NC
NC
machines
machinesof
oftoday
today
zz FOCUS
: MDI
FOCUSon
on:
MDIprogramming
programmingof
ofCNC
CNCmachinery
machinery
Mourtzis
The History of NC
zz 1947
:
1947:
J.
J. Parsons
Parsons (Parsons
(Parsons Corporation)
Corporation) began
began
experimenting
-axis curvature
experimenting for
for using
using 33-axis
curvature data
data to
to control
control
machine
machine tool
tool motion
motion for
for the
the production
production of
of aircraft
aircraft
components
components
zz 1949
: Parsons
1949:
Parsons awarded
awarded aa US
US Air
Air Force
Force contract
contract to
to build
build the
the
first
firstNC
NCmachine
machine
zz 1951
: MIT
1951:
MITwas
wasinvolved
involvedin
inthe
theproject
project
zz 1952
: NC
1952:
NC achieved
achieved when
when MIT
MIT demonstrated
demonstrated that
that
simultaneous
-axis movements
simultaneous 33-axis
movements were
were possible
possible using
using aa
laboratory
-build controller
laboratory-build
controller and
and aa Cincinnati
Cincinnati HYDROTEL
HYDROTEL
vertical
vertical spindle
spindle
zz 1955
: after
1955:
afterrefinements
refinementsNC
NCbecome
becomeavailable
availableto
toindustry
industry
Mourtzis
The History of NC
zz
zz
Early
EarlyNC
NCmachines
machinesrun
runoff
offpunched
punchedcards
cardsand
andtape
tape
Due
Due to
to the
the time
time and
and effort
effort for
for editing
editing and
and changing
changing tapes
tapes
Computers
Computerswhere
where introduced
introducedfor
forprogramming
programming
Computers
ComputersInvolvement
Involvement
Computer
ComputerAided
AidedProgramming
Programming
Languages
Languages
Direct
DirectNumerical
NumericalControl
Control
Mourtzis
The History of NC
Computer
Computer Aided
Aided Programming
Programming Languages
Languages::
zz Allow
Allow the
the development
development of
of an
an NC
NC program
program using
using aa set
set of
of
universal
pidgin English
commands
universal pidgin
English
commands
zz Computer
Computertranslate
translatecommands
commandsinto
intomachine
machinecodes
codes
zz Machine
Machinecodes
codesare
arepunched
punchedinto
intothe
thetapes
tapes
Direct
Direct Numerical
Numerical Control
Control::
zz AA computer
computer isis used
used as
as aa partial
partial or
or complete
complete controller
controller of
of one
one
or
ormore
moreNC
NCmachines
machines
Mourtzis
The History of NC
Direct
:
DirectNumerical
NumericalControl
Control(DNC)
(DNC):
zz Expensive
Expensive mainframe
mainframe or
or mini
minicomputers
computerswere
wererequired
requiredininthe
thepast
past
zz Due
Due to
to cost
cost the
the use
use of
of DNC
DNC was
was
limited
limitedto
tolarge
largecompanies
companies
zz Powerful
PowerfulPCs
PCsgiven
givenrise
riseto
toaffordable
affordable
PC
-based DNC
PC-based
DNCsystems
systems
-based DNC
zz Most
Most of
of PC
PC-based
DNC systems
systems
running
runningon
onMS
MSWindows
WindowsOS
OS
FIGURE
-1: Direct
11-1:
FIGURE1Directnumerical
numericalcontrol
control
Mourtzis
The History of NC
Distributed
:
DistributedNumerical
NumericalControl
Control(DNC)
(DNC):
zz AA network
network of
of computers
computers isis used
used to
to
coordinate
the
operation
of
a
number
coordinate the operation of a number
of
ofCNC
CNCmachines
machines
zz Ultimately
Ultimately an
an entire
entire factory
factory can
can be
be
coordinated
coordinatedininthis
thismanner
manner
zz Alternative
Alternative System
System 1:
1: NC
NC program
program isis
transferred
transferred inin its
its entirety
entirety from
from aa host
host
computer
directly
to
machines
computer directly to machines
controller
controller
zz Alternative
Alternative System
System 2:
2: NC
NC program
program isis
FIGURE
-2: Distributed
11-2:
FIGURE1Distributednumerical
numericalcontrol
control
transferred
transferred from
from aa mainframe
mainframe or
or aa
host
host computer
computer to
to aa PC
PC on
on the
the Shop
Shop
Floor,
stored
and
used
when
needed
Floor, stored and used when needed
transferred
transferredto
tomachine
machinecontroller
controller
Mourtzis
CNC Machines
zz AA CNC
CNC machine
machine has
has more
more programmable
programmable features
features than
than
older
olderNC
NCtape
tapemachinery
machinery
zz AA CNC
-alone unit
CNC machine
machine may
may be
be used
used as
as stand
stand-alone
unit in
in aa
network
network of
of machines
machines Flexible
Flexible Machining
Machining Centers
Centers or
or
Machining
Machining Cells
Cells
zz CNC
CNC machines
machines are
are easier
easier to
to program
program by
by more
more than
than one
one
method:
method:
zzOn
Onboard
boardcomputer
computerkeyboard
keyboard
zzTape
Tape reader
reader // electronic
electronic connector
connector to
to transfer
transfer aa
program
programto
toCNC
CNCmachine
machine
Mourtzis
CNC Machines
AACNC
-wired controller
CNCmachine
machineis
isaasoft
soft-wired
controller
zz Once
s
Once the
the CNC
CNC program
program isis loaded
loaded into
into the
the computer
computers
memory
memory no
no HW
HW isis required
required to
to transfer
transfer the
the NC
NC codes
codes to
to the
the
controller
controller
zz The
The controller
controller uses
uses aa permanent
permanent resident
resident program
program
EXECUTIVE
EXECUTIVE PROGRAM
PROGRAM to
to process
process the
the codes
codes into
into
electrical
electricalpulses
pulsesto
tocontrol
controlthe
themachine
machine
zz EXECUTIVE
executive software
or
EXECUTIVE Program
Program isis called
called executive
software
or
executive
executive firmware*
firmware*
zzEXECUTIVE
EXECUTIVE program
program resides
resides in
in ROM
ROM (Read
(Read Only
Only
Memory)
Memory)
zzNC
NCcode
coderesides
residesin
inRAM
RAM(Random
(RandomAccess
AccessMemory)
Memory)
Mourtzis
CNC Machines
ROM
ROM(Read
(ReadOnly
OnlyMemory)
Memory)
t
zz Is
Is an
an electronic
electronic chip
chip which
which can
can be
be accessed
accessed by
by aa computer
computer but
but no
not
altered
alteredwithout
withoutspecial
specialequipment
equipment
zz The
TheEXECUTIVE
EXECUTIVEprogram
programcan
cannot
notbe
beerased
erased
zz The
TheEXECUTIVE
EXECUTIVEprogram
programisisalways
alwaysactive
activewhen
whenmachine
machineisison
on
RAM
RAM(Random
(RandomAccess
AccessMemory)
Memory)
zz RAM
RAMcan
canbe
bealtered
alteredby
bythe
thecomputer
computer
zz NC
NCcode
codeisiswritten
writteninto
intoRAM
RAMby
bykeyboard
keyboardor
orother
otheroutside
outsidesource
source
zz The
Thecontent
contentof
ofRAM
RAMisislost
lostwhen
whenthe
thecontroller
controllerisisturned
turnedoff
off
t
zz Battery
Batterybackup
backupsystem
systemisisused
usedfor
forsaving
savingthe
theprogram
programininthe
theeven
event
of
ofpower
powerloss
loss
zz CMOS
Complementary metal
oxidesemiconductor) memory
CMOS ((Complementary
metaloxidesemiconductor)
memory
special
type
of
RAM
which
retains
the
information
content
special type of RAM which retains the information content inin the
the
case
caseof
ofpower
powerloos
loos
Mourtzis
CNC Machines
FIGURE
-3 AAhigh
-axis vertical
-4 AA high
-axis horizontal
11-3
44-axis
11-4
44-axis
FIGURE1highspeed
speed4verticalmachining
machining FIGURE
FIGURE 1high speed
speed 4horizontal
center
machining
center
center
machining center
Mourtzis
CNC Machines
FIGURE
-6
11-6
FIGURE1AA Tsugami
lightning
33 axis
lightning
Tsugami lightning
axis horizontal
horizontal
machining
center
machining center
FIGURE
-5 AA
11-5
FIGURE1331/12/ axis
axishorizontal
horizontalmachining
machiningcenter
center
2
Mourtzis
CNC Machines
FIGURE
-7 AAprecision
11-7
FIGURE1precisionNC
NClathe
lathe
FIGURE
-8 AANC
11-8
FIGURE1NClathe
lathe
Mourtzis
CNC Machines
FIGURE
-9
11-9
FIGURE1AAhorizontal
-pallet automatic
-change (Photo
eight
work
horizontalmachining
machiningcenter
centerequipped
equippedwith
withan
aneighteight-pallet
automaticworkwork-change
(Photocourtesy
courtesyof
of
Cincinnati
Machine)
Cincinnati Machine)
Mourtzis
CNC Machines
FIGURE
-10
11-10
FIGURE1AACNC
CNCcenterless
centerlessgrinding
grindingmachine
machinewith
withan
anepoxy
epoxy
granite
bed,
(Photo
courtesy
of
Cincinnati
granite bed, (Photo courtesy of Cincinnati
Machine)
Machine)
Mourtzis
Input Media
Input
InputMedia
Mediafor
forthe
theNC
NCcode
codeinto
intothe
theController
Controller
zz Are
Areused
usedto
toelectronically
electronicallyor
ormechanically
mechanicallystore
storethe
theNC
NCprograms
programs
to the
zz An
An NC
NC program
program isis read
read from
from the
the input
input medium
medium when
when itit isis loaded
loaded ininto
the
machine
machine
NC
zz Old
OldNC
NCmachinery
machinerycould
couldonly
onlyread
readprograms
programsfrom
frompunched
punchedtape
tapeor
orDDNC
zz CNC
CNCmachines
machinesmay
mayprocess
processmultiple
multiplemeans
meansof
ofprogram
programinput
input
Punched
PunchedTape
Tape
zz The
Theoldest
oldestmedium
mediumfor
forprogram
programstorage
storage
zz Made
Madefrom
frompaper
paperor
orMylar
Mylarplastic
plastic(stronger
(strongerthan
thanpaper)
paper)
zz The
TheNC
NCprogram
programcode
codeisisentered
enteredinto
intothe
thetape
tapeby
bytape
tapepuncher
puncherininaaform
form
of
ofaaseries
seriesof
ofholes
holesrepresenting
representingthe
theNC
NCcodes
codes
zz AA tape
tape reader
reader by
by electrical,
electrical, optical
optical or
or mechanical
mechanical means
means senses
senses the
the
holes
ter
holesand
andtransfers
transfersthe
thecoded
codedinformation
informationinto
intothe
themachine
machinecompu
computer
zz The
The NC
NC code
code isis entered
entered into
into CAM
CAM or
or Word
Word Processor
Processor program
program and
and
punched
punchedinto
intotape
tape
Mourtzis
Input Media
Magnetic
MagneticTape
Tape
nment
zz Early
Earlyexperiments
experimentswere
werenot
notsuccessful
successfuldue
dueto
tomachine
machineshop
shopenviro
environment
zz High
Highquality
qualitytapes
tapesof
oftoday
todaycan
canbe
beused
usedwith
withreasonable
reasonablecare
careininhandling
handling
zz The
Themost
mostcommonly
commonlyused
usedformat
formatisis
--inch
inchcomputer
computercassette
cassettetape
tape
zz Standards
Standards for
for tape
tape format
format and
and coding
coding have
have been
been developed
developed by
by the
the
Electronics
Industries
Association
(EIA)
Electronics Industries Association (EIA)
Floppy
FloppyDiskette
Diskette
zz Popularized
Popularizedby
bythe
theuse
useof
ofPCs
PCsininNC
NCprogramming
programming
zz The
The NC
NC program
program isis transferred
transferred into
into the
the CNC
CNC control
control by
by means
means of
of aa
portable
e CNC
portable diskette
diskette drive
drive attached
attached to
to the
the communication
communication port
port of
of th
the
CNC
machine
machine
zz The
Themost
mostcommon
commonused
usedport
portisisRS232
RS232(serial
(serialcommunication
communicationport)
port)
zz Floppy
Floppydiskettes
diskettesare
arecheaper
cheaperthan
thanother
otherprogram
programstorage
storageoptions
options
Mourtzis
Binary Numbers
How
Howcontroller
controllerprocesses
processesinformation?
information?
zz ItItisisimportant
importantininlearning
learningto
toprogram
programCNC
CNCmachinery
machinery
- Controlled
zz Computers
Computers and
and Computer
ComputerControlled machinery
machinery do
do not
not deal
deal inin Arabic
Arabic
symbols
or
numbers
symbols or numbers
ng binary
zz All
All of
of the
the internal
internal processing
processing isis done
done by
by calculating
calculating or
or compari
comparing
binary
numbers
numbers
zz Binary
Binarynumbers
numberscontain
containonly
onlytwo
twodigits:
digits:ZERO
ZERO(0)
(0)and
andONE
ONE(1)
(1)
zz Within
WithinCNC
CNCcontroller:
controller:
1 may
positive charge
or
zz Each
Eachbinary
binarydigit
digit1
mayrepresent
representaapositive
charge
or
0 may
negative charge
or
zz AAbinary
binarydigit
digit0
mayrepresent
representaanegative
charge
or
1 may
ON or
zz AA1
maybe
bethe
theON
or
0 may
OFF
zz AA0
maybe
bethe
theOFF
uter
zz The
TheCNC
CNCprogram
programcode
codeininbinary
binaryform
formmust
mustbe
beloaded
loadedinto
intothe
thecomp
computer
n
zz Programming
Programming formats
formats and
and languages
languages allow
allow the
the NC
NC code
code to
to be
be writte
written
using
-ten decimal
usingalphabetic
alphabeticcharacters
characters//base
base-ten
decimalnumbers
numbers
Mourtzis
Binary Numbers
zz When
When the
the NC
NC program
program isis
punched
punched or
or recorded
recorded on
on
tape
or
other
storage
media
tape or other storage media
the
information
isis
the
information
translated
translatedto
tobinary
binaryform
form
FIGURE
-11 Binary
11-11
FIGURE1Binarynumbers
numberscompared
comparedto
toArabic
Arabicnumbers
numbers
Mourtzis
Tape Formats
General
General
zz Toady
Toadypunched
punchedtape
tapeisisnot
notoften
oftenused
usedfor
forNC
NCprogram
programstorage
storage
s
zz Formats
Formatsused
usedininNC
NCprogramming
programmingare
arestill
stillreferred
referredas
asTape
TapeFormat
Formats
tape files
,
zz Computer
Computer files
files containing
containing the
the NC
NC programs
programs are
are referred
referred as
as tape
files,
punch
punch files
or
tape image
files
ortape
imagefiles
files
zz Old
Oldmachinery
machineryisisstill
stillused
usedininmachine
machineshops
shops
RS
-274 Format
RS-274
Format
zz Follows
FollowsElectronics
ElectronicsIndustries
IndustriesAssociation
Association(EIA)
(EIA)standard
standard
Blocks
zz Program
Programinformation
informationisiscontained
containedininprogram
programlines
linescalled
calledBlocks
Blocks are
zz Blocks
arepunched
punchedinto
intothe
thetape
tapeininone
oneor
ortwo
twotape
tapecode
codestandards
standards
-274 isisaavariable
variable block
format
zz RS
RS-274
blockcoding
coding
format
r
zz The
Theinformation
informationcontained
containedininaablock
blockmay
maybe
bearranged
arrangedininany
anyorde
order
Mourtzis
Tape Formats
RS
-244 Binary
RS-244
BinaryCoded
CodedDecimal
Decimal(BCD)
(BCD)
-244 standard
zz The
TheEIA
EIARS
RS-244
standardisisone
oneof
ofthe
thetwo
twotape
tapecodes
codesused
usedfor
forNC
NCtapes
tapes
zz Became
Becameaastandard
standardearly
earlyininthe
thedevelopment
developmentof
ofNC
NClimited
limitedpunctuation
punctuation
1 while
0
zz Each
Eachhole
holerepresents
representsthe
thedigit
digit1
whileeach
eachblank
blankthe
thedigit
digit0
zz The
-ten numbers
Thetape
tapecode
codeallows
allows alphabetic
alphabetic characters
charactersand
and base
base-ten
numbers to
to be
be
translated
translatedinto
intothe
thebinary
binarycode
codethe
thecontroller
controllerrequires
requires
RS
-358 Format
RS-358
Format
zz Government,
Government, telephone
telephone and
and Computer
Computer industries
industries required
required tape
tape code
code
containing
upper
and
lower
case
letters
containing upper and lower case letters
ing
zz The
Theexisting
existingtape
tapecoding
codingformats
formatswere
weresufficient
sufficientonly
onlyfor
formachin
machining
zz The
The standard
standard accepted
accepted was
was American
American Standard
Standard Code
Code for
for Information
Information
Interchange
Interchange(ASCII)
(ASCII)
-358 was
zz EIA
EIARS
RS-358
wasadopted
adopted
-358 isisalso
zz EIA
EIARS
RS-358
alsoas
asISO
ISOand
andASCII
ASCIIisisaasubset
subsetof
ofthe
theASCII
ASCIIcode
codeused
used
ininother
applications
Today
is
dominant
over
RS
244
other applications Today is dominant over RS-244
Mourtzis
Tape Formats
FIGURE
-12, 1-13 EIA
-244 tape
11-12,
11-13
RS
FIGURE1EIARSRS-244
tapecode
code
Mourtzis
Objectives of Numerical Control

Numerical
Numericalcontrol
control(NC)
(NC)was
wasdeveloped
developedwith
withthese
thesegoals
goalsin
inmind:
mind:
zzTo
Toincrease
increaseproduction
production
zzTo
Toreduce
reducelabor
laborcosts
costs
zzTo
Tomake
makeproduction
productionmore
moreeconomical
economical
zzTo
Todo
dojobs
jobsthat
thatwould
wouldbe
beimpossible
impossibleor
orimpractical
impracticalwithout
withoutNC
NC
zzTo
Toincrease
increasethe
theaccuracy
accuracyof
ofduplicate
duplicateparts
parts
Before
Beforedeciding
decidingto
toutilize
utilizean
anNC
NCor
orCNC
CNCmachine
machinefor
foraaparticular
particularjob
jobthe
the
requirements
and
economics
must
be
weighted
against
the
advantag
es
requirements and economics must be weighted against the advantages
and
anddisadvantages
disadvantagesof
ofthe
themachinery
machinery
Mourtzis

Advantages
Advantages
zz Increased
Increasedproductivity
productivity
zz Reduced
Reducedtool/fixture
tool/fixturestorage
storageand
andcost
cost
zz Faster
Fastersetup
setuptime
time
zz Reduced
Reducedparts
partsinventory
inventory
zz Flexibility
Flexibilitythat
thatspeeds
speedschanges
changesinindesign
design
zz Better
Betteraccuracy
accuracyof
ofparts
parts
zz Reduction
Reductionininparts
partshandling
handling
zz Better
Betteruniformity
uniformityof
ofparts
parts
zz Better
Betterquality
qualitycontrol
control
the digit
0
zz Improvement
Improvementininmanufacturing
manufacturingcontrol
controlthe
digit0
Mourtzis

Disadvantages
Disadvantages
zzIncrease
Increaseininelectrical
electricalmaintenance
maintenance
zzHigh
Highinitial
initialinvestment
investment
-hour operating
zzHigher
Higherper
per-hour
operatingcost
costthan
thantraditional
traditionalmachine
machinetools
tools
zzRetraining
Retrainingof
ofexisting
existingpersonnel
personnel
NC
NCis
isaageneral
generalterm
termused
usedfor
forNumerical
NumericalControl.
Control. CNC
CNCrefers
refers
specifically
to
COMPUTER
NUMERICAL
CONTROL.
CNC
machines
specifically to COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL. CNC machinesare
are
all
allNC
NCmachines
machinesbut
butnot
notall
allNC
NCmachines
machinesare
areCNC
CNCmachines
machines
Mourtzis
Applications in Industry
zz
zz
Originally
Originallydeveloped
developedfor
foruse
useininAerospace
Aerospaceindustries
industries
Widespread
Widespreadininmanufacturing:
manufacturing:
zz Aerospace
Aerospace
zz Defence
Defence
zz Automotive
Automotive
zz Electronic
Electronic
zz Appliance
Appliance
zz Tooling
Toolingindustries
industries
zz Advances
Advances inin microelectronics
microelectronics have
have lowered
lowered the
the cost
cost of
of acquiring
acquiring CNC
CNC
equipment
equipment
zz Bending,
Bending, Forming,
Forming, Stamping
Stamping and
and Inspection
Inspection Machines
Machines have
have been
been
produced
producedas
asNC
NCsystems
systems
Mourtzis
Summary 1/2
zz An
An NC
NC machine
machine is
is aa machine
machine positioned
positioned automatically
automatically along
along aa
preprogrammed
preprogrammedpath
pathby
byway
wayof
ofcoded
codedinstructions
instructions
zz DNC
DNC involves
involves aa computer
computer that
that acts
acts as
as aa partial
partial or
or full
full controller
controller to
to
one
oneor
ormore
moreNC
NCmachines
machines
zz Distributive
Distributive NC
NC is
is aa network
network of
of computers
computers and
and NC
NC machinery
machinery
coordinated
coordinatedto
toperform
performsome
sometask
task
-board computer
zz CNC
CNCmachines
machinesuse
usean
anon
on-board
computeras
asaacontroller
controller
zz Offline
Offline programming
programming is
is the
the programming
programming of
of aa part
part away
away from
from the
the
computer
-computer.
computerkeyboard
keyboard--usually
usuallydone
donewith
withaamicro
micro-computer.
Mourtzis
Summary 2/2
zz There
Thereare
arefour
fourways
waysto
toinput
inputprograms
programsinto
intoCNC
CNCmachinery:
machinery:
zzMDI
MDI(Manual
(ManualData
DataInput)
Input)
zzPunched
PunchedTape
Tape
zzMagnetic
MagneticTape
Tape
zzDNC
DNC(Direct
(DirectNumerical
NumericalControl
Control//Distributive
DistributiveNumerical
NumericalControl)
Control)
zz The
TheCNC
CNCprogram
programmust
mustbe
beloaded
loadedinto
intothe
thecontroller
controllerin
inbinary
binaryform
form
-244 and
-358 tape
zz RS
RS-244
andRS
RS-358
tapecodes
codesused
usedto
toplace
placeinformation
informationon
onpunched
punched
tape
tapeinformation
informationbeing
beingpunched
punchedinto
intothe
thetape
tapein
inbinary
binaryform
form
es
zz Before
Before deciding
deciding on
on aa NC
NC machine
machine for
for aa specific
specific job,
job, the
the advantag
advantages
and
and disadvantages
disadvantages of
of NC
NC must
must be
be weighed
weighed in
in view
view of
of the
the primary
primary
objectives
of
numerical
control
objectives of numerical control
Mourtzis
Vocabulary Introduced in this chapter

zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
ASCII
ASCII
Binary
Binarycoded
codeddecimal
decimal(BCD)
(BCD)
Computer
ComputerAided
AidedProgramming
Programming(CAP)
(CAP)
Computer
ComputerNumerical
NumericalControl
Control(CNC)
(CNC)
Direct
DirectNumerical
NumericalControl
Control(DNC)
(DNC)
Distributive
Distributivenumerical
numericalcontrol
control
Input
Inputmedia
media
Manual
ManualData
DataInput
Input(MDI)
(MDI)
Manual
Manualpart
partprogramming
programming
Numerical
Numericalcontrol
control(NC)
(NC)
Random
RandomAccess
AccessMemory
Memory(RAM)
(RAM)
Read
-only Memory
Read-only
Memory(ROM)
(ROM)
Word
Wordaddress
addressformat
format
Mourtzis

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COMPUTER

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Objectives of Numerical Control

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Objectives of Numerical Control

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Objectives of Numerical Control

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

Vocabulary Introduced in this chapter

Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation

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