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SPECIFYING MATERIALS?
By Charles J. Carter, PE ASTM A325. For convenience, the
Part marking system for these fasteners is
T
the more familiar A325 to avoid confu-
three in a HE MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS USED
IN BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUC- sion.
TION ARE ALMOST UNIVERSALLY DES- While still formally permitted in the
three- IGNATED by reference to an appropriate AISC Specification for Structural Steel
ASTM specification. This simplifies the Buildings, the use of other material
part design and construction process because specifications in steel-to-steel structural
all characteristics of the product speci- bolting applications has become quite
series: fied are defined by simple reference to uncommon. ASTM A307 is almost as
an approved standard. However, with uncommonly specified today as are
fastening dozens of ASTM specifications applica- ASTM A501 and A502 rivets, perhaps
ble in steel building construction alone, only in structurally nominal connections
products it is often a challenge to keep the stan- such as those at the ends of girts and
dard designations in contract docu- purlins.
ments current. Compounding this chal-
lenge, there have been several recent NUTS
additions to the roster of available The usual material specification for
ASTM specifications of which many heavy-hex nuts is ASTM A563. The
specifiers may be unaware. appropriate grade and finish is specified
This article (Part Three) provides a per ASTM A563 Table X1.1 according to
summary of the common ASTM and the bolt or threaded part with which the
other specifications used for fastening nut will be used. For steel-to-steel struc-
products in building design and con- tural bolting applications, the appropri-
struction. The usual and other applica- ate grade and finish is summarized in
ble ASTM specifications are addressed. RCSC Specification Section 2(c).
Parts One (January 1999 MSC) and Although ASTM A194 is permitted as
Two (February 1999 MSC) focused on an alternative in some applications,
structural shapes and plate, respective- they are generally more expensive and
ly. less available than ASTM A563 nuts.
BOLTS WASHERS
The usual material specification for The usual material specification for
conventional (heavy-hex) high-strength hardened steel washers is ASTM F436.
bolts in steel-to-steel structural connec- This specification provides for both flat
tions is ASTM A325, although ASTM and beveled washers. While standard
A490 can be specified when higher ASTM F436 washers are sufficient in
strength is desired. In either case, Type most applications, there are several spe-
1 is most commonly specified. When cific applications when special washers
atmospheric corrosion resistance is are required. Refer to RCSC Spec-
desired, Type 3 can be specified. ification Sections 7(c)(6) and 7(c)(7),
For some time now, alternative- which outline the special washer
design fasteners have been specified as requirements that apply when oversized
described in Section 2(d) of the Research and slotted holes are used in outer plies
Council on Structural Connections of steel-to-steel structural bolting appli-
Specification for Structural Joints Using cations. In anchor-rod and other embed-
ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts. Recently, ment applications, hole sizes are gener-
ASTM published its specification F1852, ally larger than those for steel-to-steel
which formalizes the material and prod- structural bolting applications (see
uct requirements for these twist-off-type LRFD Manual Table 11-3 for maximum
tension-control bolt assemblies in a anchor-rod hole sizes). Accordingly,
strength-level that is equivalent to washers used in such applications may
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author thanks Mike Friel of
Haydon Bolts Inc., Philadelphia, PA
and Bud Parka of Cleveland City Forge,
Wellington, OH for their input during
the preparation of this part.