Here the simple file alarm circuit based timer ID NE555.

The works is simple, th

e lamp give light to the LDR (Light Depending Resistor) as light sensor. When th
e light from the lamp covered with smoke then the LDR will change its resistance
value and then activated the alarm.
Simple fire alarm circuit using IC timer NE555
The thermistor offers a low resistance at high temperature and high resistance a
t low imperature. This phenomenon is employed here for sensing the fire.
The IC1 (NE555) is configured as a free running oscillator at audio frequency. T
he transistors T1 and T2 drive IC1. The output(pin 3) of IC1 is couples to base
of transistor T3(SL100), which drives the speaker to generate alarm sound. The f
requency of NE555 depends on the values of resistances R5 and R6 and capacitance
C2.When thermistor becomes hot, it gives a low-resistance path for the positive
voltage to the base of transistor T1 through diode D1 and resistance R2.
Capacitor C1 charges up to the positive supply voltage and increases the the tim
e for which the alarm is ON. The larger the value of C1, the larger the positive
bias applied to the base of transistor T1 (BC548). As the collector of T1 is co
upled to the base of transistor T2, the transistor T2 provides a positive voltag
e to pin 4 (reset) of IC1 (NE555). Resistor R4 is selected s0 that NE555 keeps i
nactive in the absence of the positive voltage. Diode D1 stops discharging of ca
pacitor C1 when the thermistor is in connection with the positive supply voltage
cools out and provides a high resistance path. It also inhibits the forward bia
sing of transistor T1.

summary
At times we forget to switch off our heating devices and eventually they get dam
aged. Therefore there is always a need of a device which can alert by sounding a
n alarm if the device temperature goes beyond a particular value. Same concept c
an be used in fire alarm. If a building catches fire then it will raise an alarm
and people could evacuate the building.

Description
This circuit is based around LM35 which is a temperature sensor and could be use
d to switch an alarm when temperature goes beyond a preset value. In this circui
t the output of LM35 is fed to the negative pin of comparator of LM339. The posi
tive input is connected to a preset VR1 of value 10K. This preset is used to set
the reference temperature. If output of LM 35 is less than V reference than the
output of comparator is low. The IC LM339 has four inbuilt comparators.
The output of comparator is fed to the base of transistor T1(BC547). As the outp
ut is low, T1 is in the cut off state and behaves like an open switch. As a resu

lt point A is at high potential. This in turn biases the transistor T2, which be
haves like a closed switch. The potential of point B is low, which in turn gives
a low signal to the reset pin 4 of the IC 555. When the reset pin is low, there
is no output at the output pin 3 and hence the buzzer does not sound.
When the temperature exceeds the reference temperature, the output of the compar
ator becomes high and T1 gets biased. The point A comes at a low potential there
by making the point B at higher potential. Since the point B is connected to the
reset pin, it also becomes high and the 555 timer which is configured in the as
table mode, starts producing pulses and the buzzer makes a sound to alert the ri
se in temperature.

Notification appliances: This component uses energy supplied from the fire alarm
system or other stored energy source, to inform the proximate persons of the ne
ed to take action, usually to evacuate. This is done by means of a flashing ligh
t, strobe light, electromechanical horn, speaker, or a combination of these devi
ces.

Notification appliances:
Main article: Fire alarm notification appliance
A Honeywell speaker and a Space Age Electronics V33 remote light.
* Audible, visible, tactile, textual or even olfactory stimuli (odorizer).[1
] to alert the occupants. Evacuation signals may consist of audible or visible a
ppliances with a distinct audible tone or speakers to deliver live or pre-record
ed instructions to the occupants.
* In the United States, fire alarm evacuation signals generally consist of a
standardized temporal code 3 audible tone, with visual notification in all publ
ic and common use areas. Emergency signals are intended to be distinct and under
standable to avoid confusion with other signals.
Other methods include:
* Audible textual appliances, which are employed as part of a fire alarm sys
tem that includes Emergency Voice Alarm Communications (EVAC) capabilities. High
reliability speakers are used to notify the occupants of the need for action in
connection with a fire or other emergency. These speakers are employed in large
facilities where general undirected evacuation is considered impracticable or u
ndesirable. The signals from the speakers are used to direct the occupant's resp
onse. The system may be controlled from one or more locations within the buildin
g known as Fire Wardens Stations, or from a single location designated as the bu
ilding Fire Command Center. Speakers are automatically actuated by the fire alar
m system in a fire event, and following a pre-alert tone, selected groups of spe
akers may transmit one or more prerecorded messages directing the occupants to s
afety. These messages may be repeated in one or more languages. Trained personne
l activating and speaking into a dedicated microphone can suppress the replay of
automated messages in order to initiate or relay real time voice instructions.[
2]