Influence of Exterior Space To Linkage and Tourist Movement Pattern in Losari Coastal Area

American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)
2015

e-ISSN: 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936
Volume-4, Issue-7, pp-316-322
www.ajer.org
Research Paper
Open Access
Influence of Exterior Space to Linkage and Tourist Movement

Pattern in Losari Coastal Area
Nur Adyla Suriadi1*, Endang Titi Sunarti2 ,Murni Rachmawati3
1*
Post-Graduate student in Departement of Architecture (FTSP), Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology,

Surabaya. Indonesia
2
Professor in Departement of Architecture (FTSP), Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology,
Surabaya. Indonesia
3
Lecturer in Departement of Architecture (FTSP), Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology,
Surabaya. Indonesia
ABSTRACT : Makassar City has a strategic location because located at the crossroads of good
traffic from north to south and from west to east, from these advantages so Makassar City eligible to
be a tourism destination. One of the hallmarks quality tourism destination is Losari Coastal Area,
which is a tourist area that became an icon of the city of Makassar and has many tourist attractions
i.e. Reclamation Losari Beach, Fort Rotterdam, Somba Opu Shopping Centre and Culinary Tourism
Area. However, tourist movement patterns who concentrated only in Reclamation Losari Beach needs
for development of linkage at tourist attractions based on tourist movement patterns. Research
method used is descriptive qualitative method with cognitive mapping technique to identify of tourist
movement patterns characteristic in visiting tourist attractions at Losari Coastal Area and influence
of exterior space to linkage among tourist attractions. Results from this research is determine
influence of exterior space to connectivity linkage and tourist movement patterns among tourist
attractions and find local criteria of exterior space which can be applied in Losari Coastal Area.
Keywords - Exterior Space, Linkage, Losari Beach, Tourist Movement Patterns, Tourist Attractions
I.
INTRODUCTION
Losari coastal tourism area has many tourist attractions i.e Reclamation Losari Beach, Fort Rotterdam,
Somba Opu Shopping Centre, Makassar Culinary Area and PKL Centre that serve a variety of tourist attractions,
however that is known by public and becam an icon of Makassar is Reclamation Losari Beach, which is a open
public open space. therefore the movement patterns of tourist only concentrated on tourist attractions interested
by visitors.
One of the problems lack of visitor to visiting tourist attractions in Losari Coastal Area is influence of
exterior space that weaken the quality of linkage. This causes is lacking of motivation from tourist to travel in
Losari Coastal Area, so that potential of every tourist attractions not explored optimally.
Purpose of this research is to show tourist movement patterns in Losari Coastal Area and determine
influence of exterior space to connectivity linkage and tourist movement patterns among tourist attractions, so it
known about how local criteria of exterior space that can provide connectivity and facilitate the tourist
movement pattern among tourist attraction in Losari Coastal Area.
Location of this research is coastal area which is administration of this region located in Ujung
Pandang district at west of Makassar City, South Sulawesi in Indonesia.
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2015
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig 1: Location of Losari Coastal Area in the map of Indonesia and Makassar City
II.
METHODOLOGY
The reasearch method used in this study are included in descriptive research method (descriptive
research). Descriptive research is a research which aims to create a description of a social phenomenon/natural with
a systematic, factual, and accurate [1] [2].
Analysis techniques used is cognitive mapping or cognitive spatial analysis techniques defined as a form
of urban design analysis [7]. This analysis method is divided into three steps, that is.
1. The first step is observation in the field to find out tourist movement patterns in Losari Coastal Area.
2. Correlate this observations with perception of tourist to support the observations by researchers.
3. Analysis of movement patterns among tourist attractions with overlay mapping to determine of tourist
tendency on travelling and factors which is influence of exterior space to tourist movement patterns and
linkage.
2.1 Movement Pattern Characteristics Analysis

The categories of movement patterns of tourists with a simple sketch proposed Lau and McKercher
(2006) in the journal Understanding Tourist Movement Pattern In a Destination: A GIS Approach [3] that is.
Table 1
The Movement Patterns with Simple Sketch
Movement Patterns
Description
I. Single Pattern
There is no movement in the process of a visit a
Single Point
destination and return to their homes by same
route
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II. Multiple Pattern
Base Site
Tourist movement patterns starting from the

place of origin to the major destinations and
proceed to secondary destination, secondary
destinations in the pattern of this movement can
be more than one destination.
Stop Over
Movement patterns of tourists with focus

towards major destinatinations where the
journey to visit some interesting secondary
destinatios and visited by tourists.
Chaining Loop
Tourist movement patterns such as circles

without any repetition of these tourists
destinations. Tourist travel to visit several
destinations accoriding to the tourist destination.
III. Complex Pattern

Destination Region Loop
Tourist movement that began with a route

around other destinations. After completing the
tour around (circular pattern), they return home
by the shortest route between the main
objectived and the place of origin set out. It is
combination of single point and chaining pattern
loop.
Complex Neighbourhood
Is a combination of two or more patterns that

have been mentioned above.
2015
2.2 Analysis of Exterior Space

To determine influence of exterior space to linkage and tourist movement patterns used single
directional view technique with evaluation techniques to find out condition exterior space which is weakend
quality of linkage in Losari Coastal Area. As for the aspects of exterior space that will be reviewed is circulation,
parking, and street furniture with general criteria as follows.
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2015
Table 2
General Criteria of Exterior Space Aspect
Exterior Space
Aspects
I. Circulation
and
Parking
II. Street Furniture
Criteria
Circulation shall ensure the safety and comfort for
pedestrians and vehicles areas [8]
Circulation shall in seperating pedestrian and vehicles
areas [5]
Circulation should provide freedom of space for tourists
[5]
Parking system should pay attention to the comfort and
safety of pedestrians [4]
Parking system should facilitate the achievement of space
activities [4]
Street furniture supposed to be attractive in terms of
arrangement and shape, and lasting from all climates [5]
III.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Existing Condition of Exterior Space
In integrating every tourist attraction in Losari Coastal Area be required a linkage to support the district
to be an urban tourism [6]. A linkage system is characteristic that are very important from exterior space. This is
an action which combine all activities and will result is a physical form an area.
To determine existing condition of exterior space that connects linkage among tourist attractions in
Losari Coastal Area are divided into four segments i.e first segment is Penghibur Street, second segment is
Lamadukelleng Street, third segment is Somba Opu Street, and fourth segment is Ujung Pandang Street with
aspects will be reviewed are circulation, parking and street furniture, that is
Table 3.
Existing Condition of Exterior Space Each Tourist Attractions in Losari Coastal Area
Analysis Of Existing Condition
Picture Of Each Segment
1st Segment
Circulation and Parking
Circulation vehicles areas is one way and congested
enough in the afternoon until evening.
There is a constriction of circulation vehicle in mid
Penghibur street.
Along pedestrian way on the afternoon unti evening
was converted by vendors to selling and parking of
vehicles
Pedestrian way not yet to serve facilities to PDA.
Street Furniture
Lack of signages as information for tourists about
tourist attractions and directional markers.
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2015
nd
2 Segment
Circulation and Parking:
Circulation vehicles motorize is one way and congested
enough in the afternoon until evening.
Pedestrian way in this segment not fully exist only at a
certainly point and there is a form of concrete drainage
cover.
Pedestrian way at some poin also converted for vendors
to selling.
Street Furniture
Street furniture in this segmen is nothing so that tourist
doesnt facilitate to walking.
3rd Segment
Circulation vehicle is one way and congested enough in
the afternoon until evening.
There is no parking space which provided a means of
trade and services along this corridor so that vehicle on
street parking which causes congestion.
Street furniture:
Size of different advertisement billboards covered with
one another and cover a linkage corridor.
4th Segment
2 way vehicle circulation and congested enough in the
afternoon until evening.
Along pedestrian way on the afternoon until evening
converted for vendors to selling and parking of vehicles
There is no parking space provided by vendors along
these corridors so that vehicle on street parking and
causes congested.
Street Furniture:
Lack of signage and street furniture that increase districts
image as a historical district to attract tourists to visit.
Based on the analysis of existing condition of exterior space from three aspects i.e. circulation, parking,
and street furniture at each segment of tourist attraction in Losari Coastal Area can be identify that lack of
connectivity linkage between tourist attractions based on a few things:
1. Circulation patterns of people and vehicle are not yet it easier for tourists to travelling among tourist
attraction where the points are still jammed in some tourist attraction
2. Parking on street that dominate at each segmen and can hinder tourists to travelling.
3. Comfort and safety of tourists at pedestrian way still overlooked with lack of facilities provided and
converted of pedestrian way by vendors and parking.
4. Lack of street furniture and signage in several segments that do not facilitate tourists in tourism activities
3.2 The Tourist Movement Patterns In Losari Coastal Area

Types of movement patterns proposed by Gigi Lau and Bob McKercher are divided into six types of
movement patterns (see table 1) i.e. single point, base site, stopover, chaining loops, destination region loop, and
complex neighbourhood. Referring to the theory, tourists movement patterns determined into 3 types i.e. single
pattern, multiple patterns and complex patterns.
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Table 4.
Tourists Movement Patterns among Tourist Attraction in Losari Coastal Area
Movement Patterns
1.
Single Point
Reclamation
Losari Beach
Description
The movement patterns of single point that
leads only one destination point without
visiting another destination point and back to
the place of origin is a tourist movement
patterns who only visit destination
Reclamation Losari Beach and tourists who
only visit Fort Rotterdam.
The place of
origin tourist
2.
Base Site
Reclamation
Losari Beach
Makassar
Culinary Area
At movement patterns of base site, tourists

start the trip from the place of origin and go to
the main purpose, and followed a visit to
secondary purpose in a certain area i.e tourists
movement patterns destinations from the place
of origin and visited Reclamation Losari
Beach to Fort Rotterdam and tourists who
visited Reclamation Losari Beach to Makassar
Culinary Area, where Reclamation Losari
Beach as the main attraction.
The place of
origin tourist
3.
Stopover
Reclamation
Losari Beach
PKL
Centre
At stopover movement patterns, movement

towards the main destination point, where
visiting another destination point (secondary)
in the process of movement i.e. tourists
movement patterns with two or more
attraction destination from Fort RotterdamPKL Centre Reclamation Losari Beach,
where Fort Rotterdam and PKL Centre as
secondary destinations and Reclamation
Losari Beach as the main destination.
Fort
Rotterdam
The place of
origin tourist
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4.
Chaining Loop
Shopping
Centre
Reclamation
Losari
2015
On the movement patterns of Chaining loop

with type of around like a ring that connects
two or more destination point and there is no
repetition route i.e. tourist movement patterns
with four tourist destinations starting from
Reclamation Losari beach PKL Centre
Fort Rotterdam Shopping Centre and after
that direct tourists back to its original place
Fort
Rotterdam
Beach
PKL
Centre
According to Table 4 above, is known that tourists movement patterns only two kinds are single
pattern and multiple pattern. In the movement patterns of single point, dominant tourists destination to visited
Reclamation Losari Beach and the next is Fort Rotterdam. In the movement patterns of base site with two
tourists destination is dominated movement patterns from Reclamation Losari Beach to Fort Rotterdam and
from Reclamation Losari Beach to Makassar Culinary area, which is Reclamation Losari Beach as the main
destination. For a movement patterns of stopover with two or more dominated by tourist destination of
movement patterns from Fort Rotterdam PKL Centre Reclamation Losari Beach PKL Centre
Reclamation Losari Beach, and for the movement patterns of chaining loop with four tourist destinations
dominated by movement patterns from Reclamation Losari Beach PKL Centre Fort Rotterdam Shopping
Centre, where tourists directly back to its original place.
IV.
CONCLUSION
Influence of exterior space to linkage and tourist movement pattern because the linkage is not optimal
in connecting every tourist attraction so tourists dominant movement patterns only visited one tourist
destination. Lack of motivation tourists to travel due to circulation is not yet clear, pedestrian way doesnt
continuous, parking on street that hamper travel, and there is no clear route to connect each tourist attraction.
As for the local criteria exterior space that can strengthen the quality of linkage and facilitate the
movement of tourists, that is.

Table 5.
Local Criteria of Exterior Space Aspect In Losari Coastal Area
Exterior Space
Criteria
Aspects
1. Circulation and Circulation that integrates every tourist attractions must support and
Parking
provide a good path and interconnected, and can be accessed by all
people of all ages and needs of tourists
Parking on street should be avoided, especially on the crowded
corridors so that the circulation of vehicles and people are not
hampered in travel.
2. Street Furniture
Keep the availability of street furniture in each corridor in Losari
Coastal Area to facilitate tourists to travel that promotes a safety and
convenience of tourists]
REFERENCES
This paper is part of a post-graduate thesis ITS (Sepuluh Nopember Institute Of Technology) in Departement of Architecture. Surabaya.
East Java. Indonesia
[1] Darjosanjoto, Endang T.S Penelitian Arsitektur Di Bidang Perumahan dan Permukiman. Itspress. Surabaya. 2012
[2] Darjosanjoto, Endang T.S. The Role of Riferbank Area as Community Space in Surabaya City, Case Study : Kampung Jambangan and Kampung
Keputran, Great Asian Street Symposium. National University of Singapre. 2014
[3] Gigi, Lau. McKercher, Bob. Understanding Tourist Movement Patterns in A Destination: A Gis Approach, Hongkong.
[4] Hakim, Rustam. Utomo, Hardi. Arsitektur Lanskap Bumi Aksara. Jakarta. 2008
[5] Shirvani, Hamid. The Urban Design Process. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1985
[6] Trancik, Roger. Finding Lost Spaces. Theories urban Design. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. New York. 1986
[7] Urban Design Toolkit, published by Ministry for the Environment, Wellington. New Zealand. 2006
[8] Widi-Prabawasari, Veronika. Suparman, Agus. Seri Diktat Kuliah : Tata Ruang Luar 01. Gunadarma. Jakarta. 2000
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American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)

American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)