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The Wright brothers were the first to fly in a powered and controlled aircraft on December
17, 1903. Previous flights were gliders (control but no power) or free flight (power but no
control), but the Wright brothers combined both, setting the new standard in aviation records.
Following this, the widespread adoption of ailerons rather than wing warping made aircraft much
easier to control, and only a decade later, at the start of World War I, heavier-than-air powered
aircraft had become practical for reconnaissance, artillery spotting, and even attacks against
ground positions.
Aircraft began to transport people and cargo as designs grew larger and more reliable. The
Wright brothers took aloft the first passenger, Charles Furnas, one of their mechanics, on May
14, 1908.
founded on November 16, 1909 with government assistance, and operated airships manufactured
by The Zeppelin Corporation. Its headquarters were in Frankfurt.
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Qatar Airways
Singapore Airlines
Cathay pacific Airways
Turkish Airlines
Emirates
Etihad Airways
1. Road Transport : Road transport forms an essential part of any transport activity. It is
essential as a supplementary and complementary mode of transport to complete
movement by other modes of transport. Example: From one terminal i.e. the railway
station the goods have to be carried to the destination by road. Road transportation has an
average operational flexibility as vehicles can serve several purposes but are rarely able
to move outside roads. Road transport systems have high maintenance costs, both for the
4. Air Transport : It is also called Aviation which is the second fastest method of transport,
after space travel. Aviation is able to quickly transport people and limited amounts of
cargo over longer distances, but incur high costs and energy use. WHO estimates that up
to 500,000 people are on planes at any time.
Air transportation services have evolved into a crucial building block for the world's socioeconomic growth. In the last four decades, the air travel across the world has grown by more
than 1000% and the air freight has increased by over 1400% while the national economies have
grown only three to four times. This phenomenal growth is due to a combination of three key
global drivers, namely, increase in disposable incomes, accelerated globalization and
deregulation of the aviation industry.
Air transport is essential for global business and tourism because of the growing value of time
and money. Aircrafts transported around 3.1 billion passengers and over 51.6 million tons of
freight in 2013 . Over 35% of the inter-regional exports of goods by value and 51% of
international tourists are served by air transport services.
The development of air transportation services and socio-economic development are highly
correlated. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an additional
dollar invested in air transport leads to a benefit of around three dollars to the local economy.
Moreover, every additional job created in the air transport results in creation of over six new jobs
in the local economy.
goods over a long distance requiring less time. There is no substitute for air transport when the
II. Quick Service: Air transport provides comfortable, efficient and quick transport service. It is
III. No Infrastructure Investment: Air transport does not give emphasis on construction of
tracks like railways. As no capital investment in surface track is needed, it is a less costly mode
of transport.
IV. Easy Access: Air transport is regarded as the only means of transport in those areas which
are not easily accessible to other modes of transport. It is therefore accessible to all areas
V. No Physical Barrier: Air transport is free from physical barriers because it follows the
shortest and direct routes where seas, mountains and forests do not obstruct.
VI. Natural Route: Aircrafts travels to any place without any natural obstacles or barriers.
Because the custom formalities are compiled very quickly. It avoids delay in obtaining clearance.
Disadvantages
In spite of many advantages, air transport has a number of disadvantages. These disadvantages
are:
I. Risky: Air transport is the most risky form of transport because a minor accident may put a
substantial loss to the goods, passengers and the crew. The chances of accidents are greater in
II. Very Costly: Air transport is regarded as the costliest mode of transport. The operating cost
of aero-planes are higher and it involves a great deal of expenditure on the construction of
aerodromes and aircraft. Because of this reason the fare of air transport are so high that it
III. Small Carrying Capacity: The aircrafts have a small carrying capacity and therefore these
are not suitable for carrying bulky and cheaper goods. The load capacity cannot be increased as it
IV. Unreliable: Most of the air transport are uncertain and unreliable because these are
snow and heavy rain weather may cause cancellation of some flights.
V. Huge Investment: Air transport requires huge investment for construction and maintenance
of aerodromes. It also requires trained, experienced and skilled personnel which involves a
substantial investment.