JUNE-2015 Topic 18 of 30

JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC

CHOLESTEROL LEVELS EXPLAINED
What do your levels mean? Keeping your cholesterol levels healthy is a great way to keep your heart
healthy and lower your chances of getting heart disease or having a stroke.
But first, you have to know your cholesterol numbers.
The American Heart Association recommends all adults age 20 or older have their cholesterol, and other
traditional risk factors, checked every four to six years.
Your total cholesterol and HDL (good) cholesterol are among numerous factors your doctor can use to
predict your lifetime or 10-year risk for a heart attack or stroke.
Your test report will show your cholesterol levels in milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/dL). To determine
how your cholesterol levels affect your risk of heart disease, your doctor will also take into account other
risk factors such as age, family history, smoking and high blood pressure.
A complete fasting lipoprotein profile will show the following for:
Total blood (or serum) cholesterol
Your total cholesterol score is calculated using the following equation: HDL + LDL + 20 percent of your
triglyceride level. A total cholesterol score of less than 180 mg/dL is considered optimal.
HDL (good) cholesterol
With HDL cholesterol, higher levels are better. Low HDL cholesterol puts you at higher risk for heart
disease. People with high blood triglycerides usually also have lower HDL cholesterol. Genetic factors, type
2 diabetes, and certain drugs, such as beta-blockers and anabolic steroids, also lower HDL cholesterol
levels. Smoking, being overweight and being sedentary can all result in lower HDL cholesterol.
LDL (bad) cholesterol
A low LDL cholesterol level is considered good for your heart health. However, your LDL number should no
longer be the main factor in guiding treatment to prevent heart attack and stroke, according to new
guidelines from the American Heart Association. For patients taking statins, the guidelines say they no
longer need to get LDL cholesterol levels down to a specific target number. A diet high in saturated and
trans fats raises LDL cholesterol.
Triglycerides
Triglyceride is the most common type of fat in the body. Normal triglyceride levels vary by age and sex. A
high triglyceride level combined with low HDL cholesterol or high LDL cholesterol is associated with
atherosclerosis, the buildup of fatty deposits in artery walls that increases the risk for heart attack and
stroke

JUNE-2015 Topic 19 of 30

JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HIGH CHOLESTEROL

Too much cholesterol in the blood can lead to cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the No. 1
cause of death. Majority of people die of cardiovascular disease each day, an average of one death every
40 seconds.
The good news is, you can lower your cholesterol and reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke.
Working with your doctor is key. It takes a team to develop and maintain a successful health program. You
and your healthcare professionals each play an important role in maintaining and improving your heart
health.
Work with your doctor to determine your risk and the best approach to manage it. In all cases, lifestyle
changes are important to reduce your risk for heart attack and stroke. In some cases, cholesterol-lowering
statin medicines may also provide benefit.
Learn how to make diet and lifestyle changes easy and lasting. Also make sure you understand instructions
for taking medication because it won't work if you don't take it as directed.
Lifestyle Changes
Your diet, weight, physical activity and exposure to tobacco smoke all affect your cholesterol level.
Know Your Fats
Knowing which fats raise LDL cholesterol and which ones don't is the first step in lowering your risk of
heart disease.
Cooking for Lower Cholesterol
A heart-healthy eating plan can help you manage your blood cholesterol level.
Understand Drug Therapy Options
For some people, lifestyle changes alone aren't enough to reach healthy cholesterol levels. Your doctor
may prescribe medication.
Avoid Common Misconceptions
We have created a list of the common misconceptions, along with the true story, about cholesterol.

JUNE-2015 Topic 20 of 30
JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC
FIRE PREVENTION - BUILDINGS
1.
Switch off all unnecessary electrical equipment when you leave a building.
2.
Do not use home-made, taped, electrical connections, plugs, sockets, etc.
3.
Do not overload electrical sockets.
4.
Smoke only in approved Smoking Areas.
5.
Only use proper ash-trays, DO NOT put cigarette ash or butts in the trash bin.
6.
Security guards patrolling the buildings, offices, etc, shall be particularly alert for fires. Those
found in the early stages can usually be controlled.
In the event of fire:
1.
On locating a fire, sound the fire alarm.
2.
Call Escravos Emergency (73333), giving your name and the exact location of the fire.
3.
Only if you can do so at no risk to yourself should you endeavor to attack the fire.

JUNE-2015 Topic 21 of 30

JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC

MATERIAL HANDLING & STORAGE

1.
All materials shall be properly stored on racks or pallets.
2.
Gangways shall be left to allow easy access to all materials, either by personnel or mechanical
lifting equipment as appropriate.
3.
Adequate fire-fighting equipment must be provided. Such equipment must be readily accessible
and not obstructed by the materials.
4.
Manual handling and lifting must be done correctly, using a straight back and bending the legs.
5.
Only trained and competent operators shall use fork lift trucks.
6.
Volatile and flammable materials shall be stored in a separate, well ventilated building away from
the main stores.
7.
Compressed gas cylinders shall be stored in accordance with procedure.
8.
Mechanical lifting equipment shall only be used within its rated capacity.
9.
When opening wooden packing cases, ensure that all nails are either pulled or bent over.
10.
Always wear work gloves when handling materials.

JUNE-2015 Topic 22 of 30
FOLLOWING PROCEDURE

JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC

DEFINATION
Procedure is the due process, a laid down measure to complete a task
One of the things that we will all notice about the practice in EGTL work site is the extensive use of
protocols and procedures. As we learn more about different task we will realize how important protocols
and procedures are to ensure that workers complete their task safety.
We should all appreciate the positive and careful manner in which procedures have been developed in
EGTL work sites to deal with many aspects of different task and to reduce accident happening, since
accidents are caused.

THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURES ARE REQUIRED AT WORK SITE.

Holding toolbox talk meetings

Knowing the task for the day (old or new task)

Discuss and write the JSA for the job and ensure that the JSA is signed by your supervisor on board
before starting the task.

Using the right tool and complete PPE

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO FOLLOW POLICIES AND PROCEDURES.

It is because if there is any accident and you have followed all the correct procedures then the accident is
not your fault, but if you havent followed the correct procedures then you are responsible for any
accidents that happen and the consequences are your fault.

REMEMBER: When you dont know the procedure ask..

JUNE-2015 Topic 23 of 30

JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC

ACCIDENTS ARE AVOIDABLE

As many people do say on site that there is nothing like accident, some say I know how to do the job,
there have not been any accident before now so it will not happen to me, some say HSE procedures slow
down the job. Let us dont wait until an accident happens. Each time someone is injured, we need to ask
ourselves how did it happen? Accidents just dont happen, they are caused. Accidents are usually a result
of someone not paying attention or not knowing how to recognize a job safety
General Rules
Learn the safe way to do your job.
Dont jump from one elevation to another.
Dont work under suspended loads.
Remove protruding nails or bend them over.
Keep the work area clear of debris.
Use the personal protective equipment required for the job.
Treat all electrical wires as being live.
Use the right tool for the right job.
Be sure all tools are in good shape.
Four Hazard Avoidance Rules
Know the safe way to work, and then follow the safe way all the time.
Maintain safe working conditions for yourself and others around you.
Work safely, setting the example, and encourage others to do so.
Report accidents and near misses to Employer
Remember: Remember to ask yourself if you are following the basic common sense rules? If you arent
following them, then take the chance and you will have or cause an accident. Keep asking yourself how
can I make my work safer? Doing so and youll probably not have a serious accident, and help prevent a
serious accident for a fellow worker.
Avoid SHORT CUTS they cut life short follow procedures and Work SAFE.

JUNE-2015 Topic 24 of 30
JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC
PERSONAL HYGIENE
The important of the highest possible standard of personal hygiene cannot be over-emphasized since they
provide the most effective way of preventing diarrhea and other digestive ailments and up to Ebola.
Diarrhea is frequently caused by pathogens from human faeces entering a person`s mouth; this is called
faecal-oral transmission route and if proper treatment is not given, can prove fatal. The pathogen can
enter the mouth in a number of ways:

Direct from person`s hand or fingers

Indirect from person hand if not washed after defecation

From food

From water
Personal hygiene standards require the following

Washing hand before taking food

Washing hand before and after using the toilet

Drying hand thoroughly with a hot air dryer or disposable paper towel

Use of hand sanitizer (rapid-drying skin disinfectants)

Avoiding hand-to-mouth contamination from food, smoking etc

No spitting

No working clothes or footwear in accommodation room

Showering before and on completion of each working shift

Regular changing of underwear. Socks and coveralls

Reporting to medic if suffering from nausea or diarrhea

JUNE-2015 Topic 25 of 30

JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC

SHORT CUT
Question: (Yes/No answer) nearly everyone we know uses short cuts to get the job done?
Answer: Generally yes.
However, there are some reasons not to use short cuts. As we all know, a project is completed by use of
certain construction methods. Short cuts usually modify methods and as a result, decrease the safety built
into proven methods.
Guide for Discussion
What are some ideas to keep in mind when doing short cuts?
Everyone uses short cuts
They can be dangerous
Sometimes they are deadly
Our company is willing to take the time necessary to do a job properly
Heights increase the dangers of short cuts
Excavation and tunnels increase the dangers of short cuts
Warn those using unsafe short cuts of the hazards associated with short cuts.
Additional Discussion Notes:
Short cuts can really hurt our customers and our profits. Name some examples you have seen on the job.
Remember: Although we all use short cuts in our daily routines, we must be aware of the dangers that
short cuts expose us to. There are two ways to perform a work task. Often the safe way is not the fastest
or easiest way.

JUNE-2015 Topic 26 of 30
JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC
BURN PREVENTION
One of the most common injuries in our work place are burns. Many are caused through complacency and
poor practices. To prevent this happening Safe Practise and the need to be vigilant in the Management of
Safety.
a)
Always assume a pot handle is Hot Dont just grab it with bare hands
b)
Use Dry Pads or Towel to Handle Hot Parts or Equipment Wet Ones transfers Steam/Heat
c)
Keep Handles out of the Aisles, so people wont knock them Keep away from Heat or Flames
d)
Dont over fill Pans
e)
Get Help when moving Heavy Containers Manual Handling
f)
Open Lids away from your Body The Steam/Heat goes away from the Body.
g)
Use care when Opening Pressure Cooker/ Ovens slowly and stand back Steam is normal Super
Heated
h)
Make sure gas is well vented before trying to light Ovens or Pilots. Strike matches or Lights before
turning Gas On - Prevents Blow Backs.
i)
Wear Long Sleeves and Double Breasted Jackets to protect yourself from Spilled or Spatered Hot
Foods or Oil. Wear Sturdy Safety Footwear
j)
Dry Food before putting into Hot Frying Oil
k)
When putting Food into Oil, also let it fall away from you.
l)
Always Warn Staff if you are Caring Hot or Warm items
m)
Always Warn Staff if there are hot Items Around
n)
Always beware of Danger when Carrying Hot Items on a Wet Floor
o)
If Possible always use a Trolley to move Hot Items around, it reduces of Falls, Trips, Slips with Hot
Items

JUNE-2015 Topic 27 of 30

JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC

WASTE SEGREGATION
To help keep our site clean it is important to throw away all the waste generated on the construction site
regularly. We generate different kinds of waste and therefore it has to be separated in order to ensure that
it is disposed of at the correct sites. The following is expected form all workers:
1. Prevent Littering
Do not litter. Throw away all waste as soon as possible.
2. Make sure that the waste is disposed of in the correct bin or skip:
Domestic Waste - Examples: Paper, cool drink bottles and cans, cardboard.
Building rubble Examples: bricks, cement, steel, uncontaminated soil
Hazardous waste Examples: Contaminated soil from diesel or oils spills, contaminated gloves.
3. If you are not sure where to dispose of waste - ask your supervisor.
4. If you see that waste bins or skips are full, report it to your supervisor.

JUNE-2015 Topic 28 of 30

JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC

YOU CAN PREVENT INJURIES CAUSED BY TOOLS AND MACHINES

Following simple dos and donts can prevent many injuries.
DO:

Use the correct tool for the job for example dont use a screwdriver as a chisel.

Know the hazards of the machines you work with and what they can and cannot do.

Make sure tools and machines are in working order before use.

Follow instructions.

Use equipment, guards, lockouts, and other safety devices.

Keep work areas clean.

Concentrate on what youre doing.

Always cut away from your body.

Keep cutting tools sharp and sheathed.

Follow instructions for feeding materials into moving machines, such as saws.

Store tools properly one in the wrong place could cause an accident.

Rotate tasks to give hands a rest where possible.

DONT:

Dont wear gloves, rings, watches, or bracelets when working with machinery.
Dont roll up your sleeves wear short sleeves that wont get caught with machinery.
Dont use your hands for feeding materials into saws and other machinery use a push stick.
Dont use your hands to sweep up meat or metal chips use brushes.
Dont put your hands near moving machinery parts.
Dont use machinery if youve been drinking or using drugs even prescription drugs.

JUNE-2015 Topic 29 of 30
JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC
SAFE USE OF HAND TOOLS
Of all the equipment placed at our disposal, the common hand tools, which we take for granted, are the
most useful and the most often abused. A recent review of construction injuries reveals quite a number of
minor accidents involving the use of hand tools. To counteract this trend, it would be wise to review the
basic rules governing the use of hand tools.
1.

Choose the right tool for the job. Never use a makeshift.

2. Use only tools in good condition - no tools with cracked or broken handles, none without handles, and
none with mushroomed or broken heads.
3. Keep keen-edged blades sharp; store them safely when not in use.
4. Do not use a hammer with a hardened face on a highly tempered tool such as a drill, file, or die or jig.
Chips may fly.
5. Use wrenches of the right size for the job. Face the jaws on an adjustable wrench in the direction of the
pull.
6. Never apply a wrench to moving machinery; stop the machine, then remove all tools before starting it
again.
7. See that pipe wrench jaws are sharp and chains in good condition so they will not slip.
8. Never use any tool in such a way that you will be injured by it if it slips. Pre-analyze your movements and
position your body accordingly.
9. The industry calls for the use of many types of hand tools. Handle them with care; treat them carefully
and use them exactly for the purpose for which they were made.

JUNE-2015 Topic 30 of 30

JAD DAILY SAFETY TOOL BOX TOPIC

TIMELY TOOL TIPS

Most of us have been using hand tools all of our lives. Power tools of many types have also been a part of
our environment since we were young. But we should never get so comfortable with these tools that we
forget to use them safely.
Hand tools and power tools are responsible for many injuries and accidents including cuts, amputations,
puncture wounds, bruises, fractures, electrical shock, fires, explosions and other incidents.
Here are some reminders about tool safety:
- Wear your safety eyewear whenever you use hand or power tools.
- Look for defects like chips, cracks, loose handles, sprung jaws on wrenches and mushroomed heads on
striking tools like hammers or struck tools like chisels.
- Use the right tool for the job.
- Use the tool for the purpose it was intended. Don't use a wrench as a hammer or a screwdriver to punch
open a can.
- Read the manufacturer's instructions before using the tool.
- Store the tool correctly to keep it from being damaged, and to prevent accidental contact with sharp or
otherwise dangerous parts.
- Don't let a tool provide a source of ignition for a fire. Sparks from cutting and grinding can ignite gases,
flammable liquid vapors and combustible materials.
Overloading of electrical circuits by power tools can set off fires. Even the spark from a hand tool can cause
an explosion of gas or vapor in a confined space.
Here are some additional reminders for using striking tools:
- Strike squarely; avoid "glancing" blows.
- Use the striking face; never the side of a hammer.
- Make sure the surface of the striking tool is larger than the surface being struck.
Screwdrivers are also responsible for many injuries. Here are suggestions for safe use:
- Use the correct screwdriver.
- Hold the screwdriver so it is perpendicular to the work.
- Secure the work with a vise or clamp. Do not hold the work piece in your hand.
It can be tempting to misuse a wrench. Remember these precautions:
- Don't use a handle extender to turn a wrench. Instead, change to a wrench designed for the job.
- Don't try to get by with pliers if it is a wrench you need to use.
The power behind power tools greatly increases the potential for serious injury. These tools operate at
much higher speeds and with much greater force than hand tools.
Here are some reminders about power tool safety:
- Wear the required safety equipment. Besides safety eyewear, a face shield may also be required when
using certain power tools.
- Keep hands and all body parts and clothing away from the tool's point of operation.
- Use safety guards the way they were designed to protect you from accidental contact with the point of
operation.
- Protect the electrical tool from exposure to moisture and from damage to the cord, connection and
insulation.
- When using an electrical tool in a damp area or outside, use a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter to prevent
electrical shock.
- Arrange power cords to prevent tripping hazards.
- Turn off the tool before making adjustments and changing parts such as bits and drills.
Hand and power tools are part of just about every workplace and every work day. Don't let familiarity with
them make you careless. Use them safely every time.