THE JOURNAL OF Egyptian Archaeology VOLUME 92 2006XPEDITIONS TO 'THE WADI HAMMAMAT DURING. THE NEW KINGDOM* By THOMAS HIBADE room she OM King Has pat ete pana Fe mutta re ste the Banter Desert ‘he Sint ununsa stv engane and sepbctcstl Kael‘ Wa Etat hie te howe lane waterpres had pnd Topercunseas tr “and potas ci Sore kag eo hae a sails Introduction IN. 175 W: Helek publishel his Hetottgeshilite des to Faxpton comtainang just 180 shont chapters en expaiitons in th OM snd Midde Kingdoms, Subsegenely B. Sex eee! rial E, Eichler clara this pie drextemo or the alune-mtertioned potions. Far the O23 fh shi the Now snd! Midalle Kina, the Fs Kinaslom espeaitions hase t sesshhanue and diplomacy in the Fastorn Mevbter pprisirement of rate materials dine the New Kioadim & 1 espedions un the Nie Valle and inte adjacent rexions 2. Pxpestition “The profernud destinations in the first category ere Stone quries 0 rulers tok 4 ire domestic appr near Ths che targeed rextons fF the contacts with foreign nus materials, With respect to hs svi eaters sel Silsar tin, eappee and other pres stthe procurement nf ray emiterigs Irony depent ard independent states ad parsers anna partners. In might he apnrunate te speak of tru ventres the commit exchane shot eve hy seca part of the exchange of ifs anton state avr documented in the tse, thr wi ab rulers. as escnnplifiel by the divers capper trom Cyprs mari Letters, V thin sao obama fay materials so reine, While sel Tesora the spe of his per ste these isons, Othe ane aa there se srchaeolngieal ever inthe far of ares ia and mini sites "The sites arwuand Seri ‘l-Khatin i the pai Wadi Ara in vedi Eaact ave deivened Ness Kingdon fused on arehacwloaical mera’ Ar sites ther thay Serabit elt ane run, the tet the expealisan pats: Sue the cise von fs supplemented be inscriptions. "Te Tater ate the tics this atic evidence allen mle heananisinien and ork the Wal Hammarnae, shore the sechceloic1st PHOMIAS HISADE eA he Hirst reason far His scsi that there fam abana of texts material from rack stele of the New Kingdom. Secon expedhtinns tv ar area roman fm the Nile Valley posed a heuer challenge forthe Fa vs an the Nile: Reconnaissance fil tu he undertaker aptront, ad supply lives ane eomasnuncation systems hereon the espesiin areal the dpartare pit establish, ‘Phas hy «sarang the evidence frum the Woh Hlamomamat. if amght he pst he stu the vari rs andl officials as well as the onzansation and supply of the work unsun the New Rigdon eeanons pparieiparinu sit the impact of espe “The expeditions to the Wadi Hammamat As the narueal route from Caton i the Nike Valle te the Roo Sea, the Waals HEamaan ‘reas in the tourdh wllenniuny bard son appeared on the radar wf the Bey toa wa elected frm this eo [Kinga evident thatthe sal is uso a te ror tthe nal of Pants ell rast rete t the ala mines at Gebel cl-Zeit aad in the New King wo fur the prictin af atone vessels Later, the Oa purist Hess auld, the main objcctive during the New Kingdon was te amine seeywaeke siltstune ancl arian Ieccia, “he Exypiane valle this eype of sti bedea-stote, The hail eleuvaue of the brktiestone facilites work using Tevers tr separate the blacks by reams of sine harnmers, Further ray miterials wf intstest were steatit, serpentine ara The main avea st mining the hiblien-so Hania and Thr Cnn Fewakhir Ge fg. Nise: coming tron tix toxin ithe Tnlk of almost GIA expedition inscripe locumenting mining from the Fourth Dsus Fo the time of the Reman Enero Mains, Gold rw ining als ontinwed ia Byzantine tines during the fh and sixth centuries Ab For the New Kins race table 1}, Aken all weve rved wn the south side uf the wa shile yiurrying activity took place on the nth slope thus lei spare forthe inserntions std preserving then fin amas The carhest inscription from the Ness Kindo is by Stent, hin was overs of the soe eounter af Xin inert whee Jn rng the ec af ‘Phteosi HL CD.” Hse fmkes ot likely that he sty snepevting wold snininye activities rather than stone eniaine However, ia cs of the inscriptions of the ressurer Siar ea thatthe inscription frum she Wai Hammanat sin tact evisknve for marching ame this rote the Red Se cist and shipping foan there ta he Sia peninsla, “he teamrer Site 1 Sinai alu pose feo ho respi fr the wil coumtes of Arman, Phe next evkenee dates 6 the time of Ameabitep 1Y, wh the [igh Pres af Anni, ry, seis response far at expedition 49 Sear 4." Elis task gus ta obtinm grey ache fart state of the king. he tert Tor te rasa only was expresed asi mh fal that201% em . ee a Ho 1 Mapator D, Raman C Rita Sti wal So Soo ea be ssa firs intioduced to eapedision inscriprions the New Kinedam, The vending wat of sss then described wth the verb fad in after the pol en (ep.onseth we Fe ted fneaf CHix Majesty commands")! The phrase mbt hr Cro ander someone’ 93 tase ith intintises us well as don afore. See ths phrase was used trom the Time “Thutmose I den tthe regina Rarnenses IY. 9 Sina ‘the Wah Hannan anda Gebel es-Siflc, i van be considered typical of expedition inscriptions af the New Kinadom, ‘Several other porticiumts of p's expeditions et inseriptionson te way tothe quarries arthe Wadi Abu Qovei obviously during a peril of est on thee jouenes |! We heen from then ha et lc the commana of she standand-hearer Re ava Ing secon-in-comnmand Jom Tondenal to protect the expedition of Hh Priest. The later we pols also a representative of the Howse of Lae and e4 ‘vith know ledge fram there. fe sh also hve been responsible for prospecting for potenti] Thing areas! -The sneraver of the hunters ape Masoud was tv ehage af the Supp teame-! “The expeditions anider Angenburep LV to she Wadi Hammant areas cc umented tna inscrpiom that ss ater re-earved under ety sce ho rent of 253 slid Hine ts Shore thercafer anwer espedtion brought ck $0 stone blacks, tuking around ton weeks Hor the 100 key tspuet*! Under Ameneminet (1 tive quarries to the Nile Valleys Chavioners