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What is Anycast?
Just a configuration methodology.
Mentioned, although not described in detail,
in numerous RFCs since time immemorial.
Its been the basis for large-scale contentdistribution networks since at least 1995.
Its gradually taking over the core of the DNS
infrastructure, as well as much of the
periphery of the world wide web.
Example
Router 2
Client
Server Instance A
Router 1
Router 3
Router 4
Server Instance B
Example
192.168.0.1
10.0.0.1
Router 2
Client
Server Instance A
Router 1
Router 3
192.168.0.2
Router 4
Server Instance B
10.0.0.1
Example
192.168.0.1
10.0.0.1
Router 2
Client
Server Instance A
Router 1
Router 3
192.168.0.2
IN
10.0.0.1
Router 4
Server Instance B
10.0.0.1
Example
192.168.0.1
10.0.0.1
Router 2
Client
Server Instance A
Router 1
Router 3
192.168.0.2
Mask
/29
/32
/32
Next-Hop
127.0.0.1
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.2
Server Instance B
10.0.0.1
Router 4
Distance
0
1
2
Example
192.168.0.1
10.0.0.1
Router 2
Client
Server Instance A
Router 1
Router 3
192.168.0.2
Mask
/29
/32
/32
Next-Hop
127.0.0.1
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.2
Server Instance B
10.0.0.1
Router 4
Distance
0
1
2
Example
192.168.0.1
10.0.0.1
Router 2
Client
Server Instance A
Router 1
Router 3
192.168.0.2
Mask
/29
/32
/32
Next-Hop
127.0.0.1
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.2
Server Instance B
10.0.0.1
Router 4
Distance
0
1
2
Example
What the routers think the topology looks like:
192.168.0.1
Router 2
10.0.0.1
Client
Router 1
Server
Router 3
192.168.0.2
Mask
/29
/32
/32
Next-Hop
127.0.0.1
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.2
Distance
0
1
2
Router 4
Example
BGP
Redistribution
Router
IGP
Eth0
192.168.1.2/30
Server Instance A
Lo0
10.0.0.1/32
Eth0
192.168.2.2/30
Server Instance B
Lo0
10.0.0.1/32
Eth0
192.168.3.2/30
Server Instance C
Lo0
10.0.0.1/32
Example
BGP
Redistribution
IGP
Router
Destination
0.0.0.0
192.168.1.0
192.168.2.0
192.168.3.0
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.1
Mask
/0
/30
/30
/30
/32
/32
/32
Next-Hop
127.0.0.1
192.168.1.1
192.168.2.1
192.168.3.1
192.168.1.2
192.168.2.2
192.168.3.2
Eth0
192.168.1.2/30
Server Instance A
Lo0
10.0.0.1/32
Eth0
192.168.2.2/30
Server Instance B
Lo0
10.0.0.1/32
Eth0
192.168.3.2/30
Server Instance C
Lo0
10.0.0.1/32
Dist
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
Example
BGP
Redistribution
IGP
Router
Destination
0.0.0.0
192.168.1.0
192.168.2.0
192.168.3.0
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.1
Mask
/0
/30
/30
/30
/32
/32
/32
Next-Hop
127.0.0.1
192.168.1.1
192.168.2.1
192.168.3.1
192.168.1.2
192.168.2.2
192.168.3.2
Eth0
192.168.1.2/30
Server Instance A
Lo0
10.0.0.1/32
Eth0
192.168.2.2/30
Server Instance B
Lo0
10.0.0.1/32
Eth0
192.168.3.2/30
Server Instance C
Lo0
10.0.0.1/32
Dist
0
0
0
0
1
1
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Server Instance F
Server Instance E
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Server Instance D
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Region 2
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Router 2
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Example
Region 3
Example
BGP Announcements
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In
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Server Instance F
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Server Instance E
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Server Instance D
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In
rv
10.0.0.1 /32
192.168.4.0 /22
192.168.0.0 /16
I
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Se
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r1
10.0.0.1 /32
192.168.0.0 /22
192.168.0.0 /16
Se
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Router 2
10.0.0.1 /32
192.168.8.0 /22
192.168.0.0 /16
Example
IGP 1 Announcements
te
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In
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Server Instance F
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Server Instance E
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Server Instance D
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In
rv
10.0.0.1 /32
10.0.0.1 /32
10.0.0.1 /32
192.168.5.0 /30
192.168.6.0 /30
192.168.7.0 /30
I
er
er
rv
Se
Se
Se
rv
r1
10.0.0.1 /32
10.0.0.1 /32
10.0.0.1 /32
192.168.1.0 /30
192.168.2.0 /30
192.168.3.0 /30
Se
te
ou
r3
R
Router 2
10.0.0.1 /32
10.0.0.1 /32
10.0.0.1 /32
192.168.9.0 /30
192.168.10.0 /30
192.168.11.0 /30
Example
IGP 2 Announcements
te
ou
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In
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In
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Server Instance F
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Server Instance E
Se
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Server Instance D
In
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In
rv
10.0.0.1 /32
192.168.5.0 /30
192.168.6.0 /30
192.168.7.0 /30
I
er
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rv
Se
Se
Se
rv
r1
10.0.0.1 /32
192.168.1.0 /30
192.168.2.0 /30
192.168.3.0 /30
Se
te
ou
r3
R
Router 2
10.0.0.1 /32
192.168.9.0 /30
192.168.10.0 /30
192.168.11.0 /30
Example
Geographic plot of user population density
Example
Geographic plot of user population density
Server deployment
Example
Geographic plot of user population density
Server deployment
Traffic Flow
Example
Geographic plot of user population density
Server deployment
Traffic Flow
Example
Geographic plot of user population density
Server deployment
Traffic Flow
Example
Geographic plot of user population density
Server deployment
Traffic Flow
Example
Drawing traffic growth away from a hot-spot
Example
Drawing traffic growth away from a hot-spot
Example
Drawing traffic growth away from a hot-spot
Example
Drawing traffic growth away from a hot-spot
Example
Drawing traffic growth away from a hot-spot
Example
Drawing traffic growth away from a hot-spot
Topological watershed
Example
Drawing traffic growth away from a hot-spot
A Security Ramification
Anycast server clouds have the useful
property of sinking DOS attacks at the
instance nearest to the source of the
attack, leaving all other instances
unaffected.
This is still of some utility even when
DOS sources are widely distributed.