Complex numbers (html) Logarithms and Decibels (html) Euler's Identity (html) Sinusoids and Exponentials (html) Geometric Signal Theory (html) Week 1 Lecture Videos for Advanced Reading Intro to the Fourier Transform (FT) and the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) DFT as a Matrix Multiply (or N Inner Products) Euler's Identity, Complex Sinusoids Complex Plane Intro Euler's Identity Corollaries Euler's Identity Proof Sinusoid Demos in Matlab DFT Overview, Euler's Identity on the Complex Plane, Additive Synthesis of a Square Wave by Fourier's Theorem Sinusoidal Motion as Projection of Circular Motion Sinusoidal Motion as Projection of Circular Motion, Continued Mathematics of Sinusoids, Complex Sinusoids Spectra of Sinusoids Amplitude Modulation (AM) and its Spectral Effects, AM Demo, ``Ring Modulation,'' Perception of AM Web Resources regarding Hearing, Basilar Membrane Circular Motion Projection and Superposition Time Constant of Decay, Plotting Exponentials Euler's Identity in the Complex Plane Generalized Complex Sinusoids Generalized Complex Sinusoids II Demo Exponentially Decaying Sinusoids in Matlab, Spectrograms, DTMFs Making a sinusoid in Pure Data (Pd) Exponentials AM Review, Frequency Modulation (FM) FM Spectra, Bessel Functions Generalized Complex Sinusoids Review, The S-Plane Laplace Transforms Sampled Generalized Complex Sinusoids Sampled Generalized Complex Sinusoids II, Z Transforms Domain of Z Transforms, The Sampled Sinusoid jn, Normalized Frequency Geometric Signal Theory Preview of Orthogonal Projection
Week 2 Advanced Reading
Introduction to the DFT (html) Derivation of the DFT (html) Week 2 Advanced Lecture Videos DFT Review, Orthogonal Projection Orthogonal Projection Example Orthogonal Projection onto Coordinate Axes Reconstruction by Summing Orthogonal Projections, Change of Coordinates in Signal Space, Spanning N-Space with N Orthogonal Vectors, Linear Independence, Length 2 DFT Inverse DFT as a Sum of Projections, Normalized DFT, Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Nth Roots of Unity WNk, Twiddle Factors Nth Roots of Unity for N=8 DFT Sinusoids Review of DFT Sinusoid Orthogonality, Normalization, DFT as Inner Product, IDFT as Sum of Projections Inverse DFT Derived DFT of DFT-Sinusoids, DFT of Non-DFT-Sinusoids, Geometric Series Closed Form, Magnitude Spectrum, Phase Spectrum, Sinc Function, Aliased Sinc Function, Bins, Zero Padding, Windowing
Week 3 Advanced Reading
Fourier Theorems for the DFT (html) Week 3 Advanced Lecture Videos Signal and Spectra Notation for the DFT Theorems Review of DFT as a change of coordinates, Periodic Extension versus Time Limited Signal Windows, DFT interpolation between spectral samples, ``spectral splatter'' in DFT of non-DFT-sinusoids Windowed Signal Asinc-Interpolated DFT DFT Linearity, Flip Operator (index reversal), Flip Theorem, Real Signals have Hermitian (conjugate symmetric) Spectra, Fourier Duality DFT Symmetry Theorems, Even and Odd Functions, DCT & DST, ``Zero-Phase'' Spectra Shift Operator, Shift Theorem, Linear Phase Terms, Convolution Thm Preview Circular Convolution, Commutativity of Convolution, Graphical Convolution, Convolution Reverb, Impulse Response, Convolution Representation of Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Filters, Convolution Theorem Stated Aliasing Demo Continuous Graphical Convolution Demo Convolution Theorem Proof, FFT Convolution, Filter Frequency Response Dual of Convolution Theorem, Application to Time-Domain Windowing Correlation, Lagged Product, Correlation Thm, Autocorrelation Power Spectrum Power Thm, Parseval's Thm Review of Linearity, Flip, Symmetry, Shift, Convolution, Correlation, and Power Theorems Scaling Theorem (continuous time), Stretch Operator, Stretch Thm, Filter Guard Bands, Discrete-Time Stretch Thm, Downsampling, Aliasing, Downsampling Theorem
Week 4 Advanced Reading
Example Applications of the DFT (html)
Spectrum Analysis Windows (html) Week 4 Advanced Lecture Videos FFT Examples in Matlab: DFT Sinusoid, Non-DFT Sinusoid, and Zero-Padded Windowed Sinusoid for Rectangular, Blackman, and Hann Windows, Spectral Interpolation, Main Lobe, Side Lobes, FFT of Complex Sinusoid Spectrograms, Matlab/Octave Implementation, Voice Spectrogram, Formants Plots of Blackman Window and its DFT Revisited FFT Bandlimited Interpolation Linear, Time-Invariant (LTI) Filters, Ideal Lowpass Filter, Guard Bands, Analyzing the Simplest Lowpass Filter Application: Automatic Chord Recognition (ACE)
Week 5 Advanced Reading
Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoids (html) Week 5 Advanced Lecture Videos
Week 6 Advanced Reading
Fundamental Frequency Estimation from Sinusoidal Peaks (html) Week 6 Advanced Lecture Videos
Week 7 Advanced Reading
Statistical Signal Processing (html) Spectrum Analysis of Noise (html) Spectral Envelope Extraction (html) Week 7 Advanced Lecture Videos