lua

www.lua.org

\0

luaconf.h

LUA_32BITS

0/0

a.name

a["name"]

i
a[i]

a[j]

1.0 == 1
a[2.0] = true
2

type

var
_ENV.var

_ENV
_ENV

_ENV
_ENV
_ENV

_ENV

_G
_G
_ENV
load

load

loadfile

lua

error
pcall

xpcall

lua_pcall

xpcall

__add

"add"

getmetatable
setmetatable

__
__add
obj
rawget(getmetatable(obj) or {}, "__" .. event_name)

+
__add

*
/
%
^
//
&

|
~
~
<<
>>
..

==

<

<=

__le
__lt

a <= b

table[key]

not (b < a)

table

table
table

key

table
key
key

table
table

table[key] = value
table
key

table

key

value

rawset
func(args)
func

func
func

args

lua_gc

collectgarbage

__gc
__gc
__gc

__gc

lua_close

__mode
k
__mode

__mode
v

coroutine.create
create

coroutine.resume
coroutine.resume

coroutine.create

coroutine.resume

coroutine.resume
coroutine.resume
coroutine.yield
coroutine.resume
coroutine.resume
coroutine.yield
coroutine.yield
coroutine.resume
coroutine.create

coroutine.wrap

coroutine.resume
coroutine.resume
coroutine.resume

coroutine.wrap
coroutine.wrap

function foo (a)

print("foo", a)
return coroutine.yield(2*a)
end
co = coroutine.create(function (a,b)
print("co-body", a, b)
local r = foo(a+1)
print("co-body", r)
local r, s = coroutine.yield(a+b, a-b)
print("co-body", r, s)
return b, "end"
end)
print("main",
print("main",
print("main",
print("main",

co-body 1
foo
2
main true
co-body r
main true
co-body x
main true
main false

coroutine.resume(co,
coroutine.resume(co,
coroutine.resume(co,
coroutine.resume(co,

1, 10))
"r"))
"x", "y"))
"x", "y"))

10
4
11
-9
y
10
end
cannot resume dead coroutine
lua_newthread

lua_resume

lua_yield

and
false
local
then

break
do
else
elseif end
for
function goto
if
in
nil
not
or
repeat return
true
until
while
and

And

AND

_VERSION

+
&
==
(
;

*
/
%
^
#
~
|
<< >> //
~= <= >= <
>
)
{
}
[
]
::
:
,
.
.. ...
\a
\r

\b

\f

\t
\"

\v
\'
\z

\n
\\

\0
\xXX
\ddd

\u{XXX}

[[

[=[
]====]

a
1
a = 'alo\n123"'
a = "alo\n123\""
a = '\97lo\10\04923"'
a = [[alo
123"]]
a = [==[
alo
123"]==]
e

0X
p

0x

345

0xff

0xBEBADA

3.0
3.1416
314.16e-2
0.31416E1
34e1
0x0.1E 0xA23p-4 0X1.921FB54442D18P+1
--

--

var ::= Name

var ::= prefixexp [ exp ]

t[i]
gettable_event(t,i)
gettable_event

var.Name

var["Name"]

var ::= prefixexp . Name

x

_ENV.x

_ENV

block ::= {stat}

stat ::= ;

a=b+c
(print or io.write)('done')

a = b + c(print or io.write)('done')
a = b + c; (print or io.write)('done')

;(print or io.write)('done')

stat ::= do block end

chunk ::= block

_ENV

_ENV

luac
string.dump
load

stat ::= varlist = explist

varlist ::= var {, var}
explist ::= exp {, exp}

i=3
i, a[i] = i+1, 20
a[3]

a[4]

a[i]

x, y = y, x
x

x, y, z = y, z, x
x y

z
t[i]

= val
settable_event

x = val

settable_event(t,i,val)

_ENV.x = val

stat ::= while exp do block end

stat ::= repeat block until exp
stat ::= if exp then block {elseif exp then block} [else block]

stat ::= goto Name

stat ::= label
label ::= :: Name ::

stat ::= break

stat ::= return [explist] [;]

do
return end

stat ::= for Name = exp , exp [, exp] do block end

for v = e1, e2, e3 do block end

do
local var, limit, step = tonumber(e1), tonumber(e2), tonumber(e3
if not (var and limit and step) then error() end
var = var - step
while true do
var = var + step
if (step >= 0 and var > limit) or (step < 0 and var < limit) then
break

end
local v = var
block
end
end

var

limit

step

stat ::= for namelist in explist do block end

namelist ::= Name {, Name}

for var_1, , var_n in explist do block end

do
local f, s, var = explist
while true do
local var_1, , var_n = f(s, var)
if var_1 == nil then break end
var = var_1
block
end
end

explist
f

var

var_i

stat ::= functioncall

stat ::= local namelist [= explist]

exp ::= prefixexp

exp ::= nil | false | true
exp ::= Numeral
exp ::= LiteralString
exp ::= functiondef
exp ::= tableconstructor
exp ::= ...
exp ::= exp binop exp
exp ::= unop exp
prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | ( exp )

...

f()
-- 0
g(f(), x)
-- f()
g(x, f())
-- g x f()
a,b,c = f(), x
-- f() 1 c nil
a,b = ...
-- a
-- b
-- a b nil
a,b,c = x, f()
-- f() 2
a,b,c = f()
-- f() 3
return f()
-- f()
return ...
-- parameters
return x,y,f()
-- x, y, f()
{f()}
-- f()
{...}
--
{f(), nil}
-- f()
(f(x,y,z))
(f(x,y,z))
f

f
f

*
/
//
%
^
-

/
pow
//

&
|
~
>>
<<
~

format
string.format

==
~=
<
>
<=
>=

==

"0"==0
t[0]
~=

t["0"]
==

a>b

b<a

a >= b

10 or 20
--> 10
10 or error()
--> 10
nil or "a"
--> "a"
nil and 10
--> nil
false and error() --> false
false and nil
--> false
false or nil
--> nil
10 and 20
--> 20
-->

b <= a

..
__concat

__len

__len

{10, 20, nil, 40}

4

or
and
<
>
<= >= ~=
|
~
&
<< >>
..
+
*
/
// %
unary operators (not #
^

==

~)
..

tableconstructor ::= { [fieldlist] }

fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]
field ::= [ exp ] = exp | Name = exp | exp
fieldsep ::= , | ;
[exp1] = exp2
exp2
name = exp
exp
[i] = exp

exp1
["name"] = exp
i

a = { [f(1)] = g; "x", "y"; x = 1, f(x), [30] = 23; 45 }

do
local t = {}
t[f(1)] = g
t[1] = "x"
t[2] = "y"
t.x = 1
t[3] = f(x)
t[30] = 23
t[4] = 45
a=t
end

-- 1st exp
-- 2nd exp
-- t["x"] = 1
-- 3rd exp
-- 4th exp

exp

functioncall ::= prefixexp args

functioncall ::= prefixexp : Name args

v:name(args)
v.name(v,args)

args ::= ( [explist] )

args ::= tableconstructor
args ::= LiteralString
f{fields}
f({fields})
f'string'
f('string')

f"string"

return functioncall

return (f(x))
return 2 * f(x)
return x, f(x)
f(x); return
return x or f(x)

--
--
--
--

functiondef ::= function funcbody

funcbody ::= ( [parlist] ) block end

f[[string]]

stat ::= function funcname funcbody

stat ::= local function Name funcbody
funcname ::= Name {. Name} [: Name]

function f () body end

f = function () body end

function t.a.b.c.f () body end

t.a.b.c.f = function () body end

local function f () body end

local f; f = function () body end

local f = function () body end

f

parlist ::= namelist [, ...] | ...

...

function f(a, b) end

function g(a, b, ...) end
function r() return 1,2,3 end

CALL

PARAMETERS

f(3)
f(3, 4)
f(3, 4, 5)
f(r(), 10)
f(r())

a=3, b=nil
a=3, b=4
a=3, b=4
a=1, b=10
a=1, b=2

g(3)
a=3, b=nil, ... --> (nothing)
g(3, 4)
a=3, b=4, ... --> (nothing)
g(3, 4, 5, 8) a=3, b=4, ... --> 5 8
g(5, r())
a=5, b=1, ... --> 2 3

self
function t.a.b.c:f (params) body end

t.a.b.c.f = function (self, params) body end

x = 10
--
do
--
local x = x
-- 'x', 10
print(x)
--> 10
x = x+1
do
--
local x = x+1
-- 'x'
print(x)
--> 12
end
print(x)
--> 11
end
print(x)
--> 10
local x = x

x
x

a = {}
local x = 20
for i=1,10 do
local y = 0
a[i] = function () y=y+1; return x+y end
end
y

lua.h

LUA_USE_APICHECK

lua_CFunction

lua_checkstack

LUA_MINSTACK
LUA_MINSTACK

lua_call
lua_checkstack

1
abs(index) top

LUA_TNONE

lua_pushcclosure

lua_upvalueindex
lua_upvalueindex(1)
lua_upvalueindex(n)

LUA_REGISTRYINDEX

luaL_ref

lua.h
LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD
LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS

longjmp
LUAI_THROW
setjmp

lua_atpanic

abort

lua_error

longjmp
foo
longjmp
foo

lua_yieldk

lua_yieldk

lua_callk

lua_callk
k

lua_pcallk

lua_pcallk

int original_function (lua_State *L) {

...
/* code 1 */
status = lua_pcall(L, n, m, h); /* calls Lua */
...
/* code 2 */
}
lua_pcall
int k (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx) {
... /* code 2 */
}
int original_function (lua_State *L) {
...
/* code 1 */
return k(L, lua_pcall(L, n, m, h), ctx);
}

k
lua_KFunction

lua_pcall

lua_pcall
lua_pcall
k
lua_pcallk

int original_function (lua_State *L) {

...
/* code 1 */
return k(L, lua_pcallk(L, n, m, h, ctx2, k), ctx1);
}

lua_pcallk
lua_callk

lua_pcallk

ctx
lua_pcallk

lua_pcallk
LUA_YIELD
lua_yieldk
LUA_YIELD

LUA_OK

lua_callk
lua_callk
lua_yieldk
lua_yieldk

LUA_OK

lua_callk

o
p
x|y

x
e

lua_absindex
int lua_absindex (lua_State *L, int idx);
idx

lua_Alloc
typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud,
void *ptr,
size_t osize,
size_t nsize);
realloc
lua_newstate

ud
ptr
osize

nsize
ptr

ptr

NULL

NULL

osize

ptr

osize
osize

LUA_TSTRING LUA_TTABLE LUA_TFUNCTION

LUA_TUSERDATA
LUA_TTHREAD

nsize

free

nsize
NULL

luaL_newstate

osize

NULL

realloc
osize >= nsize

static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize,

size_t nsize) {
(void)ud; (void)osize; /* not used */
if (nsize == 0) {
free(ptr);
return NULL;
}
else
return realloc(ptr, nsize);
}
free(NULL)

realloc(NULL,size)

malloc(size)

realloc

lua_arith
void lua_arith (lua_State *L, int op);

op
LUA_OPADD
LUA_OPSUB
LUA_OPMUL
LUA_OPDIV
LUA_OPIDIV
LUA_OPMOD
LUA_OPPOW
LUA_OPUNM
LUA_OPBNOT
LUA_OPBAND
LUA_OPBOR
LUA_OPBXOR
LUA_OPSHL
LUA_OPSHR

lua_atpanic

+
*
/
//
%
^
~
&
|
~
<<
>>

lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);

lua_call
void lua_call (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults);

lua_call

nargs
nresults

nresults

LUA_MULTRET

longjmp

a = f("how", t.x, 14)

lua_getglobal(L, "f");
/* function to be called */
lua_pushliteral(L, "how");
/* 1st argument */
lua_getglobal(L, "t");
/* table to be indexed */
lua_getfield(L, -1, "x");
/* push result of t.x (2nd arg) */
lua_remove(L, -2);
/* remove 't' from the stack */
lua_pushinteger(L, 14);
/* 3rd argument */
lua_call(L, 3, 1);
/* call 'f' with 3 arguments and 1 result */
lua_setglobal(L, "a");
/* set global 'a' */

lua_callk
void lua_callk (lua_State *L,
int nargs,
int nresults,

lua_KContext ctx,
lua_KFunction k);
lua_call

lua_CFunction
typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);

lua_gettop(L)
lua_gettop(L)

static int foo (lua_State *L) {

int n = lua_gettop(L); /* */
lua_Number sum = 0.0;
int i;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (!lua_isnumber(L, i)) {
lua_pushliteral(L, "incorrect argument");
lua_error(L);
}
sum += lua_tonumber(L, i);
}
lua_pushnumber(L, sum/n);
/* */
lua_pushnumber(L, sum);
/* */
return 2;
/* */
}

lua_checkstack
int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int n);
n

lua_close
void lua_close (lua_State *L);

lua_compare
int lua_compare (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2, int op);
index1

op

index2

op
LUA_OPEQ
LUA_OPLT
LUA_OPLE

==
<
<=

lua_concat
void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n);
n

n
n

lua_copy
void lua_copy (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx);
fromidx

toidx

lua_createtable
void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);
narr
nrec
lua_newtable

lua_dump
int lua_dump (lua_State *L,
lua_Writer writer,
void *data,
int strip);

writer
writer

lua_dump
data

lua_Writer

strip
writer

lua_error
int lua_error (lua_State *L);
luaL_error

lua_gc
int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, int data);

what
LUA_GCSTOP

LUA_GCRESTART
LUA_GCCOLLECT
LUA_GCCOUNT
LUA_GCCOUNTB
LUA_GCSTEP
LUA_GCSETPAUSE
LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL

data
data

LUA_GCISRUNNING

collectgarbage

lua_getallocf
lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud);
ud

NULL

*ud

lua_getfield
int lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);
t[k]

lua_getextraspace
void *lua_getextraspace (lua_State *L);

luaconf.h
LUA_EXTRASPACE

lua_getglobal

int lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);

lua_geti
int lua_geti (lua_State *L, int index, lua_Integer i);
t[i]

lua_getmetatable
int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_gettable
int lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int index);
t[k]

lua_gettop
int lua_gettop (lua_State *L);

lua_getuservalue
int lua_getuservalue (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_insert
void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_Integer
typedef ... lua_Integer;

long long
long
int
luaconf.h
LUA_INT
LUA_MININTEGER

LUA_MAXINTEGER

lua_isboolean
int lua_isboolean (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_iscfunction
int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_isfunction
int lua_isfunction (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_isinteger
int lua_isinteger (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_islightuserdata
int lua_islightuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_isnil
int lua_isnil (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_isnone
int lua_isnone (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_isnoneornil
int lua_isnoneornil (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_isnumber
int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_isstring
int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_istable
int lua_istable (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_isthread

int lua_isthread (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_isuserdata
int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_isyieldable
int lua_isyieldable (lua_State *L);

lua_KContext
typedef ... lua_KContext;
intptr_t
intptr_t
ptrdiff_t

lua_KFunction
typedef int (*lua_KFunction) (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx);

lua_len
void lua_len (lua_State *L, int index);
#

lua_load
int lua_load (lua_State *L,
lua_Reader reader,
void *data,
const char *chunkname,
const char *mode);

lua_load

lua_load
LUA_OK
LUA_ERRSYNTAX
LUA_ERRMEM
LUA_ERRGCMM

lua_load
lua_Reader

__gc

reader
reader

data

chunkname

lua_load
luac

mode

NULL

load

bt

lua_load

LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS
_ENV

lua_newstate
lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
NULL

f
ud

lua_newtable
void lua_newtable (lua_State *L);
lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)

lua_newthread

lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L);

lua_State

lua_newuserdata
void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size);

lua_next
int lua_next (lua_State *L, int index);
lua_next

/* 't' */
lua_pushnil(L); /* */
while (lua_next(L, t) != 0) {
/* '' -2 '' -1 */
printf("%s - %s\n",
lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -2)),
lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -1)));
/* '' '' */
lua_pop(L, 1);
}
lua_tolstring
lua_tolstring
lua_next
next

lua_Number
typedef double lua_Number;

luaconf.h

LUA_REAL

lua_numbertointeger
int lua_numbertointeger (lua_Number n, lua_Integer *p);
n
*p

lua_pcall
int lua_pcall (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int msgh);

nargs

nresults
lua_pcall
lua_pcall

lua_call
lua_call
lua_call

lua_pcall

msgh
msgh
lua_pcall

lua_pcall

lua_pcall
LUA_OK
LUA_ERRRUN
LUA_ERRMEM
LUA_ERRERR

lua.h

LUA_ERRGCMM

__gc

lua_pcallk
int lua_pcallk (lua_State *L,
int nargs,
int nresults,
int msgh,
lua_KContext ctx,
lua_KFunction k);
lua_pcall

lua_pop
void lua_pop (lua_State *L, int n);
n

lua_pushboolean
void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b);
b

lua_pushcclosure
void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);

lua_pushcclosure

n
lua_pushcclosure

n
n

lua_pushcfunction
void lua_pushcfunction (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction f);
function

lua_CFunction
lua_pushcfunction
#define lua_pushcfunction(L,f) lua_pushcclosure(L,f,0)

lua_pushfstring
const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
sprintf

%%

%
%f
lua_Integer
%d
%U

%s
lua_Number
%p
int

%c

int
long int

lua_pushglobaltable
void lua_pushglobaltable (lua_State *L);

lua_pushinteger
void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);
n

lua_pushlightuserdata

%L

void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p);

void*

lua_pushliteral
const char *lua_pushliteral (lua_State *L, const char *s);
lua_pushlstring

lua_pushlstring
const char *lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);
s

len
s

lua_pushnil
void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L);

lua_pushnumber
void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);
n

lua_pushstring
const char *lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);
s

NULL

NULL

lua_pushthread
int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L);
L

lua_pushvalue
void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_pushvfstring
const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L,
const char *fmt,
va_list argp);
lua_pushfstring

va_list

lua_rawequal
int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);
index1

index2

lua_rawget
int lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int index);
lua_gettable

lua_rawgeti
int lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int index, lua_Integer n);
t[n]

lua_rawgetp
int lua_rawgetp (lua_State *L, int index, const void *p);
t[k]

lua_rawlen
size_t lua_rawlen (lua_State *L, int index);
#

lua_rawset
void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int index);
lua_settable

lua_rawseti
void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int index, lua_Integer i);
t[i] = v

lua_rawsetp
void lua_rawsetp (lua_State *L, int index, const void *p);
t[k] = v

lua_Reader
typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L,

void *data,
size_t *size);
lua_load
lua_load

data
size

NULL

size

lua_register
void lua_register (lua_State *L, const char *name, lua_CFunction f);
f

name

#define lua_register(L,n,f) \
(lua_pushcfunction(L, f), lua_setglobal(L, n))

lua_remove
void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_replace
void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_resume
int lua_resume (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int nargs);

lua_resume
lua_yield
lua_resume

nargs

LUA_YIELD

lua_pcall

lua_yield
lua_resume

yield
from

L
NULL

lua_rotate
void lua_rotate (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
idx

n
-n

lua_setallocf
void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
ud

lua_setfield
void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);
t[k] = v

lua_setglobal
void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);
name

lua_seti
void lua_seti (lua_State *L, int index, lua_Integer n);
t[n] = v

lua_setmetatable
void lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_settable
void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int index);
t[k] = v

lua_settop
void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int index);
index

lua_setuservalue
void lua_setuservalue (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_State
typedef struct lua_State lua_State;

lua_newstate

lua_status
int lua_status (lua_State *L);
L
LUA_OK

lua_resume

LUA_YIELD
LUA_OK
LUA_OK

LUA_YIELD

lua_stringtonumber
size_t lua_stringtonumber (lua_State *L, const char *s);
s

lua_toboolean
int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int index);
lua_toboolean
lua_isboolean

lua_tocfunction
lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int index);
NULL

lua_tointeger
lua_Integer lua_tointeger (lua_State *L, int index);

lua_tointegerx

isnum

NULL

lua_tointegerx
lua_Integer lua_tointegerx (lua_State *L, int index, int *isnum);
lua_Integer
lua_tointegerx
isnum

NULL

*isnum

lua_tolstring
const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int index, size_t *len);
len
*len
NULL

NULL

lua_tolstring

lua_tolstring

lua_next

lua_tolstring

lua_tolstring

lua_tonumber
lua_Number lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int index);
lua_tonumberx

isnum

NULL

lua_tonumberx
lua_Number lua_tonumberx (lua_State *L, int index, int *isnum);
lua_Number
lua_tonumberx
isnum

NULL

*isnum

lua_topointer
const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int index);
void*
lua_topointer

NULL

lua_tostring
const char *lua_tostring (lua_State *L, int index);
lua_tolstring

len

NULL

lua_tothread
lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int index);
lua_State*
NULL

lua_touserdata
void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int index);

NULL

lua_type
int lua_type (lua_State *L, int index);
LUA_TNONE

lua_type
lua.h
LUA_TNIL
LUA_TNUMBER
LUA_TBOOLEAN
LUA_TSTRING
LUA_TTABLE
LUA_TFUNCTION
LUA_TUSERDATA LUA_TTHREAD LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA

lua_typename
const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int tp);

tp

tp

lua_type

lua_Unsigned
typedef ... lua_Unsigned;
lua_Integer

lua_upvalueindex
int lua_upvalueindex (int i);
i

lua_version
const lua_Number *lua_version (lua_State *L);
lua_State

NULL

lua_Writer
typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L,
const void* p,
size_t sz,
void* ud);
lua_dump
lua_dump

lua_dump
p

sz

data

lua_dump

lua_xmove
void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);

from

to

lua_yield
int lua_yield (lua_State *L, int nresults);
lua_yieldk
lua_yield

lua_yieldk
int lua_yieldk (lua_State *L,
int nresults,
lua_KContext ctx,
lua_KFunction k);

lua_yieldk
lua_resume

nresults

lua_resume

k
n
lua_yieldk

lua_resume
ctx

lua_yieldk
lua_yield

lua_Debug

typedef struct lua_Debug {

int event;
const char *name;
/* (n) */
const char *namewhat;
/* (n) */
const char *what;
/* (S) */
const char *source;
/* (S) */
int currentline;
/* (l) */
int linedefined;
/* (S) */
int lastlinedefined;
/* (S) */
unsigned char nups;
/* (u) */
unsigned char nparams;
/* (u) */
char isvararg;
/* (u) */
char istailcall;
/* (t) */
char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
/* */

} lua_Debug;
lua_getstack
lua_getinfo
lua_Debug
lua_Debug
source

source

@
source

source
short_src
linedefined
lastlinedefined
what

source

"Lua"
"C"

"main"
currentline
currentline
name

lua_getinfo
name
NULL
namewhat
name
namewhat
"global" "local" "method" "field" "upvalue"
""

istailcall
nups
nparams
isvararg

lua_gethook
lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L);

lua_gethookcount
int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L);

lua_gethookmask
int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L);

lua_getinfo
int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);

ar
lua_getstack
lua_Hook
what
>

lua_getinfo
f

lua_Debug ar;
lua_getglobal(L, "f"); /* 'f' */
lua_getinfo(L, ">S", &ar);
printf("%d\n", ar.linedefined);

what

ar

n
S
l
t
u
f
L

name
namewhat
source
short_src
linedefined
what
currentline
istailcall
nups nparams
isvararg

lastlinedefined

f
what

lua_getlocal
const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);

ar
lua_getstack
n
debug.getlocal

lua_Hook

lua_getlocal
ar

NULL

NULL

lua_getstack
int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);

lua_Debug

lua_getstack

lua_getupvalue
const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
lua_getupvalue
funcindex

NULL
""

lua_Hook
typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);

ar

event

LUA_HOOKCALL LUA_HOOKRET
LUA_HOOKTAILCALL LUA_HOOKLINE
currentline
lua_getinfo
event
LUA_HOOKTAILCALL

LUA_HOOKCOUNT
ar

LUA_HOOKCALL

k
lua_pcallk

lua_callk

lua_yield
nresults

lua_yieldk

lua_sethook
void lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook f, int mask, int count);

mask
LUA_MASKCALL
LUA_MASKCOUNT
LUA_MASKCOUNT

LUA_MASKRET
count

LUA_MASKLINE

count

mask

lua_setlocal
const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
lua_getlocal

ar
lua_setlocal

lua_getlocal

NULL

lua_setupvalue
const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
funcindex
lua_getupvalue

lua_getupvalue

NULL

lua_upvalueid
void *lua_upvalueid (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
funcindex
funcindex
n
lua_getupvalue

n
lua_getupvalue
n

lua_upvaluejoin
void lua_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L, int funcindex1, int n1,
int funcindex2, int n2);
funcindex1
funcindex2

n1
n2

lauxlib.h
luaL_

bad argument #1

luaL_check*

luaL_addchar
void luaL_addchar (luaL_Buffer *B, char c);
B

luaL_Buffer

luaL_addlstring
void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);
B

luaL_Buffer

luaL_addsize
void luaL_addsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t n);
B
luaL_Buffer
luaL_prepbuffer
n

luaL_addstring
void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);
B

luaL_Buffer

luaL_addvalue
void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B);
B

luaL_Buffer

luaL_argcheck
void luaL_argcheck (lua_State *L,
int cond,
int arg,

const char *extramsg);

cond
luaL_argerror

luaL_argerror
int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *extramsg);
arg
extramsg
bad argument #arg to 'funcname' (extramsg)

luaL_Buffer
typedef struct luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer;

luaL_Buffer
luaL_buffinit(L, &b)
luaL_add*
luaL_pushresult(&b)

luaL_Buffer
b
luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, sz)
luaL_pushresultsize(&b, sz)

luaL_addvalue

sz
sz

luaL_pushresult

luaL_buffinit
void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);
B
luaL_Buffer

luaL_buffinitsize
char *luaL_buffinitsize (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
luaL_buffinit

luaL_prepbuffsize

luaL_callmeta
int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);

obj

luaL_checkany
void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int arg);
arg

luaL_checkinteger
lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int arg);
arg
lua_Integer

luaL_checklstring
const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int arg, size_t *l);
arg
NULL

l
*l

lua_tolstring

luaL_checknumber
lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int arg);
arg

luaL_checkoption
int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L,
int arg,
const char *def,
const char *const lst[]);
arg

def

NULL

lst

def

arg

luaL_checkstack
void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);
top + sz
msg

NULL

luaL_checkstring
const char *luaL_checkstring (lua_State *L, int arg);
arg
lua_tolstring

luaL_checktype
void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int arg, int t);
arg

lua_type

luaL_checkudata
void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname);
arg
luaL_newmetatable
lua_touserdata

tname

luaL_checkversion
void luaL_checkversion (lua_State *L);

luaL_dofile
int luaL_dofile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);

(luaL_loadfile(L, filename) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))

luaL_dostring
int luaL_dostring (lua_State *L, const char *str);

(luaL_loadstring(L, str) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))

luaL_error
int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
fmt
lua_pushfstring

return
luaL_error(args)

luaL_execresult
int luaL_execresult (lua_State *L, int stat);
os.execute
io.close

luaL_fileresult
int luaL_fileresult (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);
io.open

os.rename

file:seek

luaL_getmetafield
int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
obj

e
LUA_TNIL

luaL_getmetatable
int luaL_getmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
tname
tname

luaL_newmetatable

luaL_getsubtable
int luaL_getsubtable (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname);
t[fname]

idx

luaL_gsub
const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L,
const char *s,
const char *p,
const char *r);
s

luaL_len
lua_Integer luaL_len (lua_State *L, int index);
#

luaL_loadbuffer
int luaL_loadbuffer (lua_State *L,
const char *buff,
size_t sz,
const char *name);
luaL_loadbufferx

mode

NULL

luaL_loadbufferx
int luaL_loadbufferx (lua_State *L,
const char *buff,
size_t sz,
const char *name,
const char *mode);
lua_load
buff

sz
lua_load
mode

name
lua_load

luaL_loadfile
int luaL_loadfile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);
luaL_loadfilex

mode

NULL

luaL_loadfilex
int luaL_loadfilex (lua_State *L, const char *filename,
const char *mode);
filename
#

lua_load
filename

NULL

mode

lua_load
lua_load

LUA_ERRFILE

lua_load

luaL_loadstring
int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);
lua_load
s
lua_load
lua_load

luaL_newlib
void luaL_newlib (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg l[]);
l

(luaL_newlibtable(L,l), luaL_setfuncs(L,l,0))
l

luaL_newlibtable
void luaL_newlibtable (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg l[]);
l
luaL_newlib

luaL_setfuncs
l

luaL_newmetatable
int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
tname
__name = tname

[tname]

= new table

__name

tname

luaL_newstate
lua_State *luaL_newstate (void);
realloc
lua_newstate

NULL

luaL_openlibs
void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L);

luaL_optinteger
lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L,
int arg,
lua_Integer d);
arg
d

luaL_optlstring
const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L,
int arg,
const char *d,
size_t *l);
arg
d
l

NULL

*l

luaL_optnumber
lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int arg, lua_Number d);

arg
d

luaL_optstring
const char *luaL_optstring (lua_State *L,
int arg,
const char *d);
arg
d

luaL_prepbuffer
char *luaL_prepbuffer (luaL_Buffer *B);
luaL_prepbuffsize

LUAL_BUFFERSIZE

luaL_prepbuffsize
char *luaL_prepbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
sz
luaL_Buffer
luaL_addsize

luaL_pushresult
void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B);
B

luaL_pushresultsize
void luaL_pushresultsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
luaL_addsize luaL_pushresult

luaL_ref
int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t);
t

luaL_ref
lua_rawgeti(L, t, r)

LUA_NOREF

luaL_unref

luaL_ref
luaL_ref

LUA_REFNIL

luaL_Reg
typedef struct luaL_Reg {
const char *name;
lua_CFunction func;
} luaL_Reg;
luaL_setfuncs
luaL_Reg

name
name

func

func
NULL

luaL_requiref
void luaL_requiref (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
lua_CFunction openf, int glb);
modname

package.loaded
modname
package.loaded[modname]

glb

openf
require

modname

luaL_setfuncs
void luaL_setfuncs (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
l

nup

luaL_Reg

nup

luaL_setmetatable
void luaL_setmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);

tname

luaL_newmetatable

luaL_Stream
typedef struct luaL_Stream {
FILE *f;
lua_CFunction closef;
} luaL_Stream;

LUA_FILEHANDLE
LUA_FILEHANDLE
luaL_newmetatable
luaL_Stream
f

NULL
closef

NULL

luaL_testudata
void *luaL_testudata (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname);
luaL_checkudata

NULL

luaL_tolstring
const char *luaL_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
len

NULL

*len
"__tostring"

luaL_tolstring

luaL_traceback
void luaL_traceback (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *msg,
int level);

L1

msg

NULL

level

luaL_typename
const char *luaL_typename (lua_State *L, int index);

luaL_unref
void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);
t

ref

ref

LUA_NOREF

luaL_ref
ref
LUA_REFNIL

luaL_unref

luaL_where
void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int lvl);
lvl
chunkname:currentline:

type

table.sort

getmetatable

luaL_openlibs
luaL_requiref
luaopen_package
luaopen_string
luaopen_table
luaopen_io
luaopen_debug

luaopen_base
luaopen_coroutine
luaopen_utf8
luaopen_math
luaopen_os
lualib.h

assert (v [, message])
v

error
message
assertion failed!

collectgarbage ([opt [, arg]])

opt

collect
stop

restart
count

step

arg

setpause

arg

setstepmul

arg

isrunning

dofile ([filename])
dofile

stdin
dofile

dofile

error (message [, level])

message

error
level
error
error

_G

getmetatable (object)
object
"__metatable"

error

ipairs (t)
t
for i,v in ipairs(t) do body end
1,t[1]

2,t[2]

load (chunk [, chunkname [, mode [, env]]])

chunk
load

chunk
chunk

env
_ENV
string.dump

chunkname
chunk

chunk

=(load)
mode
b

bt

bt

loadfile ([filename [, mode [, env]]])

load

filename

next (table [, index])

next
next
next
next(t)

next

pairs (t)
t

__pairs

next

for k,v in pairs(t) do body end

t
next

pcall (f [, arg1, ])
f

pcall
pcall
pcall

print ()
stdout
print
string.format

io.write

rawequal (v1, v2)

tostring

v1

v2

rawget (table, index)

table[index]

table

index

rawlen (v)
v

rawset (table, index, value)

table[index]
index

value table
value

table

select (index, )
index

index
index

"#"

select

setmetatable (table, metatable)

metatable
"__metatable"
table

tonumber (e [, base])
base
tonumber

tonumber

base

tostring (v)

string.format
v

"__tostring"

tostring

type (v)

table

number
string
thread
userdata

function

nil
boolean

_VERSION
Lua 5.3

xpcall (f, msgh [, arg1, ])

pcall

msgh

coroutine

coroutine.create (f)
f

f
"thread"

coroutine.isyieldable ()

coroutine.resume (co [, val1, ])

co
val1
resume

val1

resume

yield

resume

coroutine.running ()

coroutine.status (co)
status

co
"running"
"suspended"
"normal"
"dead"

yield

coroutine.wrap (f)
f
resume

f
resume

coroutine.yield ()
yield

require

resume

package

require (modname)
package.loaded
require

modname
package.loaded[modname]

require

package.searchers
require
package.searchers
require

package.preload[modname]
require
package.path
package.cpath
package.searchers
require

modname
require

package.loaded[modname]
package.loaded[modname] require
require
package.loaded[modname]
require

package.config

\
/
;
?
!
luaopen_
-

package.cpath

require
package.path
LUA_CPATH_5_3
luaconf.h

package.cpath
LUA_CPATH

package.loaded
require
package.loaded[modname]

modname
require

require

package.loadlib (libname, funcname)

libname
funcname

*
funcname

funcname
lua_CFunction

lua_CFunction
require
libname
funcname

dlfcn

package.path
require
LUA_PATH_5_3
luaconf.h
;;

package.preload
require

LUA_PATH

require

package.searchers
require
require
require

package.preload
package.path
package.searchpath

package.cpath
package.searchpath
"./?.so;./?.dll;/usr/local/?/init.so"
foo
/usr/local/foo/init.so

./foo.so ./foo.dll

luaopen_
a.b.c-v2.1
luaopen_a_b_c

a.b.c
luaopen_a_b_c

package.searchpath

package.searchpath (name, path [, sep [, rep]])

path

name

name
sep

rep

"./?.lua;./?.lc;/usr/local/?/init.lua"
foo.a
/usr/local/foo/a/init.lua

./foo/a.lua

./foo/a.lc

string
__index
string.byte(s,i)

s:byte(i)

string.byte (s [, i [, j]])
s[i]
j

s[i+1]
i

string.char ()

s[j]
string.sub

string.dump (function [, strip])

load
strip

string.find (s, pattern [, init [, plain]])

s
find

pattern
s
init
plain
pattern
init

plain

string.format (formatstring, )
sprintf
* h L l n p

string.format('%q', 'a string with "quotes" and \n new line')

"a string with \"quotes\" and \

new line"
A

a
c d i o u X
s

E e f G
x

g
q
s

tostring

string.gmatch (s, pattern)

pattern
pattern

s
pattern
s
s = "hello world from Lua"
for w in string.gmatch(s, "%a+") do
print(w)
end

key=value
t = {}
s = "from=world, to=Lua"
for k, v in string.gmatch(s, "(%w+)=(%w+)") do
t[k] = v
end
^

string.gsub (s, pattern, repl [, n])

s

n
repl

pattern

repl

gsub

gsub

repl

%
repl

%d
%0

repl
repl

%%

x = string.gsub("hello world", "(%w+)", "%1 %1")

--> x="hello hello world world"
x = string.gsub("hello world", "%w+", "%0 %0", 1)
--> x="hello hello world"
x = string.gsub("hello world from Lua", "(%w+)%s*(%w+)", "%2 %1")
--> x="world hello Lua from"
x = string.gsub("home = $HOME, user = $USER", "%$(%w+)", os.getenv)
--> x="home = /home/roberto, user = roberto"
x = string.gsub("4+5 = $return 4+5$", "%$(.-)%$", function (s)
return load(s)()
end)
--> x="4+5 = 9"
local t = {name="lua", version="5.3"}
x = string.gsub("$name-$version.tar.gz", "%$(%w+)", t)
--> x="lua-5.3.tar.gz"

string.len (s)
""
"a\000bc\000"

string.lower (s)

string.match (s, pattern [, init])

s

pattern
match

pattern
pattern

init

string.pack (fmt, v1, v2, )

v1 v2
fmt

string.packsize (fmt)
string.pack
s
z

string.rep (s, n [, sep])

n

sep

sep

string.reverse (s)
s

string.sub (s, i [, j])

s

j
string.sub(s,1,j)
-i)
i

j
s

string.sub(s,

j
j

string.unpack (fmt, s [, pos])

fmt
pos
s

string.pack

string.upper (s)

string.find string.gmatch string.gsub string.match

^$()%.[]*+-?
.
%a
%c
%d
%g
%l
%p
%s
%u
%w
%x
%x
%
[set]

%
[%w_]
[0-7]
-

[_%w]
[0-7%l%-]

[%a-z]

[^set]
%a %c
%S

[a-z]

%l

[a-%%]

*
+
-

?
%n
%bxy

%b()
%f[set]

\0

^
$
^

"(a*(.)
%w(%s*))"

"a*(.)%w(%s*)"
.

%s*
()
"()aa()"

"flaaap"

string.pack

<
>
=
![n]
b
B
h
H
l
L
j
J
T
i[n]
I[n]
f
d
n
cn n
z
s[n]
size_t
x
Xop

string.packsize

n
char
char
short
short
long
long
lua_Integer
lua_Unsigned
size_t
n
n
float
double
lua_Number

int
int

op

[n]
<=>!
string.unpack
!n

string.unpack

sn

xX
string.pack

in In n
string.pack

string.unpack
!1=

c
z

string.pack

string.unpack

utf8

utf8.char ()

utf8.charpattern
[\0-\x7F\xC2-\xF4][\x80-\xBF]*

utf8.codes (s)

for p, c in utf8.codes(s) do body end

s

utf8.codepoint (s [, i [, j]])
s
i

i
j

utf8.len (s [, i [, j]])

utf8.offset (s, n [, i])

s

n
n

i
i

#s + 1

n
utf8.offset(s, -n)

table

__len

table.concat (list [, sep [, i [, j]]])

list[i]..sep..list[i+1] sep..list[j]
j
#list
i

sep
j

table.insert (list, [pos,] value)

list
pos
list[pos+1], , list[#list]
table.insert(t,x)
x

value

list[pos],

pos
t

#list+1

table.move (a1, f, e, t [,a2])

a1
a2
a2[t], = a1[f],,a1[e]
f

a2

a1

table.pack ()
n

table.remove (list [, pos])

list
pos
#list
, list[#list]
#list
pos

list[#list]

#list

pos
list[pos+1], list[pos+2],
pos
#list + 1
list[pos]

table.remove(l)

table.sort (list [, comp])

list[1]
comp

list[#list]
not

comp(list[i+1],list[i])
comp

<

table.unpack (list [, i [, j]])

return list[i], list[i+1], , list[j]

i

#list

math
integer/float
math.ceil math.floor math.modf

math.abs (x)

math.acos (x)
x

math.asin (x)
x

math.atan (y [, x])
y/x
x
x

math.atan(y)

math.ceil (x)
x

math.cos (x)
x

math.deg (x)
x

math.exp (x)
e

math.floor (x)
x

math.fmod (x, y)
x

math.huge
HUGE_VAL

math.log (x [, base])
x

base

math.max (x, )
<

math.maxinteger

math.min (x, )
<

math.mininteger

math.modf (x)
x

math.pi

math.rad (x)
x

math.random ([m [, n]])

m

math.random

math.random(n)

math.randomseed (x)

math.random(1,n)

math.sin (x)
x

math.sqrt (x)
x

x^0.5

math.tan (x)
x

math.tointeger (x)
x

math.type (x)
x

integer

float

math.ult (m, n)
m

io
io.open

io
io.stdout

io.stdin
io.stderr

errno

io.close ([file])
file:close()

file

io.flush ()
io.output():flush()

io.input ([file])

io.lines ([filename ])
file:lines()

io.lines()

io.input():lines("*l")

io.open (filename [, mode])

mode

mode
r
w
a
r+
w+
a+

mode

io.output ([file])
io.input

io.popen (prog [, mode])

mode
"w"

mode

prog
"r"

io.read ()
io.input():read()

io.tmpfile ()

io.type (obj)
obj

obj
"file"

"closed file"

obj
obj

io.write ()
io.output():write()

file:close ()
file

io.popen
os.execute

file:close

file:flush ()
file

file:lines ()
l
for c in file:lines(1) do body end
io.lines

file:read ()
file

0x
i
a
l
L

number

file:seek ([whence [, offset]])

3.4e-

offset
whence

whence

set
cur
end
seek

seek

whence

"cur"

offset

file:seek()
file:seek("set")
file:seek("end")

file:setvbuf (mode [, size])

no
full
flush
line

io.flush

size

file:write ()
file
file

os

os.clock ()

os.date ([format [, time]])

format
time
date
format

os.time

!
format

*t
month
sec

min
yday

format
strftime

*t

date

year
hour

day
wday
isdst

date

date
os.date()

os.date("%c")
gmtime

localtime

os.difftime (t2, t1)

t1

t2

os.time
t2

t1

os.execute ([command])
system
command

exit
signal
os.execute

os.exit ([code [, close]])

exit
EXIT_SUCCESS

code
code

EXIT_FAILURE
code

code

close

os.getenv (varname)
varname

os.remove (filename)

os.rename (oldname, newname)

oldname

newname

os.setlocale (locale [, category])

locale
category
"ctype" "monetary"
"all"
locale
locale

"all"
"numeric"

"collate"

"time"

setlocale

os.time ([table])
year month
hour
isdst

min

day
sec
os.date

time
os.date

os.difftime

os.tmpname ()

io.tmpfile

debug

debug.debug ()

cont

debug.debug

debug.gethook ([thread])
debug.sethook

debug.getinfo ([thread,] f [, what])

f
getinfo

getinfo
f

getinfo
what
lua_getinfo

what
f

func
activelines

debug.getinfo(1,"n")
debug.getinfo(print)

print

debug.getlocal ([thread,] f, local)

f

local

debug.getinfo

getlocal

debug.getmetatable (value)
value

debug.getregistry ()

debug.getupvalue (f, up)

f

up

debug.getuservalue (u)
u

debug.sethook ([thread,] hook, mask [, count])

mask

count

c
r
l
count

count

debug.sethook
"call"
call"

"return"

"line"

"count"
getinfo
getinfo

debug.setlocal ([thread,] level, local, value)

value

level

local
level

debug.getinfo

debug.getlocal

debug.setmetatable (value, table)

value

table

value

debug.setupvalue (f, up, value)

value

up

"tail

debug.setuservalue (udata, value)

value

udata

udata

udata

debug.traceback ([thread,] [message [, level]])

message
message
message

level
traceback

debug.upvalueid (f, n)
n

debug.upvaluejoin (f1, n1, f2, n2)

f1

n1

lua
lua [options] [script [args]]

-e stat
-l mod
-i
-v
-E

f2

n2

--

stdin
lua

stdin

lua

lua -v -i

lua -

-E
LUA_INIT_5_3
@filename

LUA_PATH
package.cpath
-i

lua

-E
LUA_CPATH

LUA_INIT
lua

LUA_INIT
package.path
luaconf.h

-E

$ lua -e'a=1' -e 'print(a)' script.lua

a

script.lua

$
lua

arg

$ lua -la b.lua t1 t2

arg = { [-2] = "lua", [-1] = "-la",

[0] = "b.lua",
[1] = "t1", [2] = "t2" }

$ lua -e "print(arg[1])"
-e

arg[1]

arg[#arg]

__tostring

lua_close
os.exit

chmod +x

#!
#!/usr/local/bin/lua
lua
PATH
#!/usr/bin/env lua

luaconf.h

.0
x = x + 0.0

.0
2.0

bit32
bit32

ipairs
io.read

__ipairs
*
atan2

cosh

sinh tanh
pow
frexp
ldexp
x^y
math.pow(x,y) math.atan math.atan2
x * 2.0^exp
math.ldexp(x,exp)
Lua
require C

Lua 5.2

lua_getctx
lua_getctx
lua_dump strip
0
lua_pushunsigned
lua_tounsigned lua_tounsignedx luaL_checkunsigned
luaL_optunsigned
luaL_checkint luaL_optint
luaL_checklong luaL_optlong
lua_Integer
lua_Integer

BNF Lua BNF {A}

0 A [A] A
3.4.8
3.1
chunk ::= block
block ::= {stat} [retstat]
stat ::= ; |
varlist = explist |
functioncall |
label |
break |
goto Name |
do block end |
while exp do block end |
repeat block until exp |
if exp then block {elseif exp then block} [else block] end
for Name = exp , exp [, exp] do block end |
for namelist in explist do block end |
function funcname funcbody |

local function Name funcbody |

local namelist [= explist]
retstat ::= return [explist] [;]
label ::= :: Name ::
funcname ::= Name {. Name} [: Name]
varlist ::= var {, var}
var ::= Name | prefixexp [ exp ] | prefixexp . Name
namelist ::= Name {, Name}
explist ::= exp {, exp}
exp ::= nil | false | true | Numeral | LiteralString | ... | functiondef |
prefixexp | tableconstructor | exp binop exp | unop exp
prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | ( exp )
functioncall ::= prefixexp args | prefixexp : Name args
args ::= ( [explist] ) | tableconstructor | LiteralString
functiondef ::= function funcbody
funcbody ::= ( [parlist] ) block end
parlist ::= namelist [, ...] | ...
tableconstructor ::= { [fieldlist] }
fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]
field ::= [ exp ] = exp | Name = exp | exp
fieldsep ::= , | ;
binop ::= + | - | * | / | // | ^ | % |
& | ~ | | | >> | << | .. |
< | <= | > | >= | == | ~= |
and | or

unop ::= - | not | # | ~

201511819:54