278413086.

doc

{{<P=11><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=10><L=2><X=H><id=001>}}
1123001
Eileen is going to cook some vegetable. If she fries the vegetable, she will use
20 g of olive oil and heat the oil to about 200 C before putting the vegetable into
the wok. If she boils the vegetable, she will boil 1 kg of water and then add 10 g
of olive oil before adding the vegetable to the water. The output power of her
stove is 2000 W.
(Given: Specific heat capacity of olive oil = 1970 J kg1 C1
Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg1 C1)
(a) Suppose Eileen fries vegetable.
(i)

Find the energy required to heat up the oil from 27 C to 200 C.

(2 marks)

(ii) If 300 kJ is required to cook the vegetable, how long will it take for the
whole cooking process?
(2 marks)
(iii) In practice, will Eileen use a longer time or a shorter time to cook?
Why?
(2 marks)
(b) Suppose Eileen boils the vegetable.
(i)

How much energy is required to heat up water and oil from 27 C to

100 C?
(1 mark)

(ii) Which cooking method consumes more energy according to the above
calculation? Explain briefly.
(3 marks)
-- ans -Solutions
(a) (i)

(ii)

Marks

By Q = mcT,

1M

energy required = 0.02 1970 (200 27) = 6820 J

1A

By Q = Pt,

1M

time for cooking =

Q
6820 300 000
=
= 153 s
P
2000

(iii) In practice, Eileen will use a long time to cook.

1A
1A

This is because energy is lost to the surroundings during

cooking.

1A

(Or other reasonable answers)

278413086.doc

(b) (i)

By Q = mcT,
energy required
= 1 4200 (100 27) + 0.01 1970 (100 27)
1A

= 308 000 J
(ii)

Boiling the vegetable consumes more energy.

1A

This is because the specific heat capacity of water is very

1A

high
and the amount of water used in boiling is more than the

1A

amount of the oil used in frying.

-- ans end -{{<P=11><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=11><L=2><X=H><id=002>}}

1123002
A 200-W immersion heater is immersed in 0.2 kg of water in a polystyrene cup.
The heater is switched on and the temperature of water is recorded every 30 s.
The following data are obtained:
Time t / s

30

60

90

120 150 180 210 240

Temperature T / oC

20

27

34

41

48

55

61

67

70

(a) Plot a graph of T against t on graph paper.

(b) (i)

(3 marks)

Find the energy supplied by the heater from t = 0 to t = 240 s. (2 marks)

(ii) Find the energy absorbed by the water from t = 0 to t = 240 s.

(Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg1 C1)

(2 marks)

(iii) Give two reasons to explain the difference between the answers in (i)
and (ii).
(2 marks)
(iv) How will the difference between the answers in (i) and (ii) change if
the polystyrene cup is replaced by a beaker? Give reasons to support
your answer.
(2 marks)
-- ans -Solutions

Marks

(a)

278413086.doc

T / C

t/s

(Correct axes)

1A

(Correct data points)

1A

(Correct curve)

1A

(b) (i)

Energy supplied by the heater = Pt

1M

= 200 240
= 48 000 J
(ii)

Energy absorbed by the water = mcT

1A
1M

= 0.2 4200 (70 20)

= 42 000 J
(iii) Some energy is lost to the surroundings and
some energy is absorbed by the polystyrene cup.
(iv) The difference will increase.

1A
1A
1A
1A

This is because the energy lost to the surroundings through a

beaker is larger than that through a polystyrene cup.

1A

-- ans end -{{<P=11><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=14><L=2><X=H><id=003>}}

1123003

278413086.doc

Jimmy uses the apparatus shown in the following figure to find the specific heat
capacity of water.

(a) Draw a diagram to show how the apparatus should be arranged in the
experiment.
(2 marks)
(b) What is the function of the joulemeter in this experiment?

(1 mark)

(c) Explain why the water should be stirred throughout the experiment.
(1 mark)
(d) Jimmy obtains the following results:
Mass of water = 0.2 kg
Initial temperature of water = 25 C
Final temperature of water = 42 C
Initial joulemeter reading = 64 350 J
Final joulemeter reading = 79 470 J
Find the specific heat capacity of water.

(3 marks)

(e) The value obtained in (d) is found to be higher than the actual value.
Suggest two reasons for this and explain your answer briefly.
(3 marks)
(f)

If Jimmy adds a lid to cover the cup and repeats the experiment, would you
expect the specific heat capacity of water obtained to be higher or lower
than that obtained in (d)? Explain briefly.
(2 marks)

(g) Suggest two reasons for using a polystyrene cup in the experiment.
(2 marks)
-- ans -Solutions

Marks
4

278413086.doc

(a)

(Heater, stirrer and thermometer placed inside the cup)

1A

(Joulemeter and heater connected correctly)

1A

(b) It measures the energy supplied by/to the heater.

1A

(c)

1A

This ensures that the temperature of the water is uniform.

(d) Specific heat capacity of water =

=

Q
mT

1M

79 470 64 350
0.2 ( 42 25)

1M

= 4450 J kg1 C1
(e) Some energy is lost to the surroundings

1A
1A

and some energy is transferred to the polystyrene cup, the stirrer

and the thermometer.

1A

As a result, the actual amount of energy absorbed by the water is

(f)

less than the energy supplied by the heater.

1A

With a lid, less energy will be lost to the surroundings.

1A

As a result, the specific heat capacity of water obtained will be

lower than that obtained in (d).
(g) Polystyrene cup can reduce the energy lost to the surroundings.

1A
1A

The energy absorbed by the polystyrene cup is very little and

negligible.

1A

-- ans end -{{<P=11><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=11><L=2><X=H><id=004>}}

1123004
Jerry wants to conduct an experiment using the following apparatus to
investigate the specific heat capacity of an aluminium block.

278413086.doc

aluminium block

thermometer

polystyrene tile

immersion heater

joulemeter

(a) Draw a diagram to show how Jerry sets up the apparatus.

(3 marks)

(b) Mandy uses another method to find the specific heat capacity of the
aluminium block. She reuses the set-up in (a) but replaces the joulemeter
with a stop-watch. The immersion heater has a power of 200 W and the
mass of the aluminium block is 1 kg. After switching on the heater, Mandy
records the temperature of the aluminium block in every 30 s. She obtains
the following data:
Time t / s

30

60

90

120 150 180 210 240

Temperature T / oC

20

27

34

41

48

(i)

55

61

67

70

Using a scale of 1 cm to 10 C and 1 cm to 30 s, plot a graph of T

against t on graph paper.
(3 marks)

(ii) Find the specific heat capacity of aluminium.

(3 marks)

(iii) Explain the difference between the answer in (ii) and the standard
value 900 J kg1 C1.
(2 marks)
-- ans -6

278413086.doc

Solutions

Marks

(a)
joulemeter

immersion
heater

thermometer

aluminium
block
to power
supply

polystyrene
tile

(Joulemeter and heater connected correctly)

1A

(Heater and thermometer placed inside the aluminium block)

1A

(Polystyrene tile placed under the aluminium block)

1A

(b) (i)
T / C

t/
s

(Correct axes)

1A

(Correct data points)

1A

(Correct curve)

1A

278413086.doc

(ii)

Energy supplied by heater = energy absorbed by aluminium

1M

Pt = mcT

1M

200 240 = 1 c (70 20)

c = 960 J kg1 C1

1A

The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 960 J kg1 C1.

(iii) Some energy is lost to the surroundings.

1A

The actual amount of energy absorbed by the metal block is

less than the energy supplied by the heater.

1A

The answer in (ii) is therefore higher than the standard value.

-- ans end -{{<P=11><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=13><L=3><X=H><id=005>}}

1123005
Kate is going to calibrate a mercury-in-glass thermometer and to use it in an
experiment.
(a) How does she calibrate the thermometer on the Celsius scale?

(4 marks)

(b) In (a), Kate finds that the lengths of the mercury thread at the upper and the
lower fixed points are 24.0 cm and 4.0 cm respectively. When she puts the
thermometer in a glass of liquid L at room temperature, the length of the
mercury thread is 8.4 cm. Find the room temperature.
(2 marks)
(c) The thermometer is then used to measure the specific heat capacity of a
glass of liquid L. The set-up is shown in the following figure.
thermometer
stirrer

joulemeter
power supply

heater

glass

The following are the readings taken in the experiment:

Power of the heater = 50 W
Mass of liquid L in the glass = 500 g
Initial length of the mercury thread = 8.4 cm
Final length of the mercury thread = 15.5 cm
8

278413086.doc

Time taken to heat up liquid L = 5 min

(i)

Liquid L does not boil during the experiment. Calculate the specific
heat capacity of liquid L.
(4 marks)

(ii) It is found that the result obtained in (i) is different from the actual
value of the specific heat capacity of liquid L. Why? Suggest two
methods to improve the experiment.
(3 marks)
-- ans -Solutions
(a) Put the thermometer in boiling water and mark the mercury level.

Marks
1A

Then put the thermometer in melting ice and mark the mercury
level.

1A

The temperatures of the boiling water and melting ice are taken as
0 C and 100 C respectively.

1A

The separation between these two mercury levels is divided into

100 equal divisions and each division is 1 C.

1A

(b) By proportion,
room temperature =

8.4 4.0
100
24.0 4.0

= 22 C
(c)

(i)

1M
1A

Initial temperature = 22 C
Final temperature =

15.5 4.0
100 = 57.5 C
24.0 4.0

Energy supplied by heater = energy absorbed by liquid L

Pt = mcT

1M
1M
1M

50 5 60 = 0.5 c (57.5 22)

c = 845 J kg1 C 1

1A

The specific heat capacity of liquid L is 845 J kg1 C1.

(ii)

The result of experiment is different from the actual value

because energy is lost to the surroundings.

1A

278413086.doc

Methods to reduce heat loss to the surroundings (any two of

the following):

2 1A

Use a more powerful heater to reduce the heating time.

Replace the glass with a polystyrene cup.
Add a lid to cover the cup.
Add a polystyrene tile under the cup.

-- ans end -{{<P=11><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=12><L=3><X=H><id=006>}}

1123006
A student uses the apparatus shown below to find the specific heat capacity of a
metal.

(a) How can the energy supplied by the heater be measured? Explain your
answer with the aid of a diagram.
(4 marks)
(b) Explain why a few drops of oil should be added into the hole for inserting
the thermometer.
(1 mark)
(c) Explain why the heater should not be switched on unless it is totally
inserted into the metal block.
(1 mark)
(d) The following data are obtained:
Mass of metal block = 1 kg
Initial temperature = 25 C
Final temperature = 32 C
Energy supplied by the heater = 6750 J
Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal.

(2 marks)

(e) The value obtained in (d) is found to be higher than the accepted value of
the specific heat capacity of the metal. Suggest a reason for this and explain
your answer briefly.
(2 marks)
(f)

Suggest two methods to improve the accuracy of the experiment. (2 marks)

10

278413086.doc

-- ans -Solutions

Marks

(a) Connect the joulemeter, power supply and heater as shown below.
The difference between the initial and final readings of the
joulemeter is the energy supplied by the heater.

1A

joulemeter
immersion
heater

power supply

(Heater and joulemeter connected correctly)

1A

(Joulemeter and power supply connected correctly)

1A

(Correct label of joulemeter)

1A

(b) To ensure a good thermal contact between the thermometer and

(c)

the metal block.

1A

To prevent damaging the heater due to overheating.

1A

(d) Specific heat capacity of the metal =

=

Q
mT

1M

6750
1 (32 25)

= 964 J kg1 C1
(e) Some energy is lost to the surroundings.

1A
1A

As a result, the actual amount of energy absorbed by the metal

(f)

block is less than the energy supplied by the heater.

1A

Place the metal block on a polystyrene tile.

1A

Wrap the metal block with cotton wool.

1A

-- ans end --

11