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F E The figure below shows a binary star system. The two stars A and B are L apart
and move round the same point O at the same uniform angular speed. The mass
of A is mA and the mass of B is mB. The magnitudes of the centripetal acceleration
of the stars are the same.
L
x
O
(a) How far are they away from O? Express your answer in terms of L, mA and
mB.
(4 marks)
(b) What is the ratio of their linear speeds?
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
(d) Suppose mA greater than mB. Is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration
of A the same as, greater than or smaller than that of B? Show your
calculations.
(3 marks)
-- ans -Solutions
Marks
mArAA2 = mBrBB2
mArA = mBrB
(1)
rA + rB = L
rA = L rB
(2)
mAL
m A mB
mAL
mB L
=
m A mB
m A mB
(b) By v r,
1A
1A
1M
278413333.doc
vA
r A A
=
vB
rB B
mB L
mB
m A mB
=
=
mA
mAL
m A mB
1A
vA : vB = mB : mA.
(c)
By T =
TA
TB
1M
2
,
1A
2
A
=
2
B
1
1
TA : TB = 1 : 1.
(d) By a = r2,
1M
2
aA
r A A
=
2
aB
rB B
mB L
m A mB
=
mAL
m A mB
1M
=
mB
mA
1A
that of B.
F E An accident happened when car A was turning a corner. It slid and hit another
car. A policeman did an investigation of the accident and he recorded the
information obtained as follows:
The radius of curvature of the road is 8 m. The
coefficient of friction is 0.4. The monitor record
shows that car A travelled a distance of 20 m in
2 s on the straight road before turning the
corner
(a) If the road is flat, what is the speed limit? Take the acceleration due to
gravity as 10 m s1.
(3 marks)
2
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(b) Find the speed of car A on the straight road. Deduce the cause of the
accident and explain your reasons.
(4 marks)
(c) Besides the speed limit, suggest a safety measure that can be taken in
building the road to ensure safety on the turning? Explain your answer.
(3 marks)
-- ans -Solutions
Marks
1M
mv max
= mg
r
Speed limit =
(b) Speed =
=
gr
0.4 10 8 5.66
1M
m s1
s
t
1A
1M
20
2
= 10 m s1
When car A turned the corner, its speed exceeded the speed limit.
1A
1A
The friction between the tyre and the road is smaller than the
centripetal force needed.
1A
1A
1A
This reduces the reliance on the friction between the tyre and the
road.
1A
F E Clark buys a new bicycle as shown below. The radii of the front and rear chain
wheels are 10 cm and 5 cm respectively. The radii of the front and back wheels
are both 30 cm.
278413333.doc
rear chain
wheel
front
chain
wheel
pedal
chain
(3 marks)
(b) Clark finds that the surfaces of the tyres are rough. Can you tell him the
reason for this?
(1 mark)
(c) Clark pedals the bicycle at a constant speed. The pedal completes a cycle in
a second.
()
(1 mark)
(3 marks)
(d) If the coefficient of friction between the tyre and the road is 0.4, can the
bicycle turn a corner of radius 6 m safely at the speed in (c)()? Explain
briefly. Take the acceleration due to gravity as 10 m s2.
(4 marks)
-- ans -Solutions
Marks
(a) When we pedal, the front chain wheel, which is connected to the
pedal, rotates.
1A
1A
The rear tyre which is connected to the rear chain wheel rotates
and pushes the front wheel, as well as the bicycle, to move.
1A
(b) The surfaces are rough in order to increase the friction between
the tyres and the road.
(c)
()
()
1A
2
= 2 rad s1 ( 6.28 rad s1)
1
1A
Since the two chain wheels are connected by the chain, they
4
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1M
r F F 10 2
=
= 4 rad s1
rR
5
1M
The rear chain wheel and the rear tyre have the same angular
speed.
Linear speed of rear tyre
= r = 0.3 4 = 1.2 m s1 = 3.77 m s1
1A
mg =
mv max 2
r
vmax =
gr
1M
0.4 10 6
= 4.90 m s1
The bicycle moves at a speed is lower than the speed limit,
1A
1A
1A
F E The figure below is a circular runway. Jane walks along the runway with a
uniform speed. It takes her 10 minutes to finish a loop.
R2
R1
(3 marks)
278413333.doc
(b) Then Jane runs and finishes a loop in 3 minutes. Compared with her original
motion, how do Janes linear speed, angular speed and centripetal
acceleration change?
(3 marks)
(c) If Jane rides a bicycle on the runway, what factors limit her speed? List two
factors and explain briefly.
(3 marks)
-- ans -Solutions
Marks
1A
1A
and friction.
1A
increases.
(c)
1A
1A
1A
(4 marks)
(b) Wet clothes of mass 7 kg are put in the dryer. Two minutes later, the mass of
the clothes becomes 5 kg. During the process, 5% of the energy consumed
by the machine is transferred into the waters kinetic energy. The radius of
the roller is 200 mm.
278413333.doc
()
What is the average speed of the water when it leaves the roller?
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
() Jim puts a coat with a ping pong ball inside the pocket into the washing
machine. The net mass of the clothes pressing on the ball is 0.05 kg.
The ball can only sustain a force of 30 N. Will the ball be crushed in
the drying process?
(4 marks)
-- ans -Solutions
Marks
(a) The roller rotates in a very high speed in the drying process and so
the clothes are in circular motion.
1A
1A
The moisture in the clothes can pass through the cloth and the roller,
1A
1A
1M
1
(7 5)v2 = 5% 160 2 60
2
v = 31.0 m s1
1A
1M
v
31.0
=
= 24.7 s1
2r 2 0.2
1A
mv 2
r
0.05 31.0 2
0 .2
= 240 N
1M
1M
278413333.doc
1M
This is much larger than the force that the ball can sustain, so
the ball will be crushed.
1A
F E Jack takes a ride on the Flying Swing as shown. His mass is 50 kg. The length
of the rope (L) is 6 m. The mass of the chair is 20 kg. The bottom of the chair is 1
m above the ground when it is at rest. The Flying Swing completes a rotation in
4.53 s. The horizontal distance between Jack and the rotation axis (r) is 3 m.
Assume that the mass of the rope is negligible. Take the acceleration due to
gravity as 10 m s1.
(a) State the forces acting on Jack when the Flying Swing is rotating.
(2 marks)
(b) Find the angular speed of Jack.
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
(e) If the Flying Swing rotates 1.5 times as fast as it does at the beginning,
how high is Jack above the ground?
(6 marks)
278413333.doc
-- ans -Solutions
Marks
1A
1A
2
4.53
1M
= 1.387 rad s1
1.39 rad s1
(c)
1A
1M
= 3 1.387
= 4.16 m s1
(d)
1A
1M
mr 2
sin
1A
mr 2
sin
1M
= m2L
= (50 + 20) (1.5 1.387)2 6
1M
= 1820 N
Consider the vertical direction.
Vertical component of tension = total weight of Jack and the chair
T cos = mg
cos =
=
1M
mg
T
(50 + 20)10
1820
= 0.385
1M
278413333.doc
1M
= 6 + 1 6 cos
= 7 6 0.385
1A
= 4.69 m
F E Marie and her dad go to the amusement park in the weekend and see a rotor
there. People inside can stand on no floor as shown. They feel it very funny and
take a ride. The mass of Marie is 30 kg and that of her dad is 60 kg. The radius of
the rotor is 2 m. The coefficient of friction is 0.4.
(a) Explain why the people will not fall down in the rotor.
(5 marks)
(b) Find the ratio of the normal reactions by the wall of the rotor on Marie and
her dad.
(2 marks)
(c) How many times should the rotor rotate in a second at least? Take the
acceleration due to gravity as 10 m s2.
(3 marks)
-- ans
Solutions
Marks
(a) When the rotor rotates, the normal reaction N by the wall of the
rotor on a person provides the centripetal force for him.
1A
N = mr2
1A
1A
10
278413333.doc
The higher the rotating speed, the larger the maximum friction.
1A
The person will not fall down if the maximum friction is larger than
his weight.
1A
(b) By N = mr2,
N1 m1r112 m1 30 1
=
=
=
=
N 2 m 2 r 2 22 m 2 60 2
The ratio of the normal reactions on Marie to that on her dad is 1
1M
1A
: 2.
(c)
= 2n
Maximum friction = weight
1M
N = mg
N=
mg
By N = mr2,
mg
= mr (2n)2
n=
=
g
4 2 r
10
2
4 0 .4 2
= 0.563 s1
1A
F E Two wooden blocks A and B are placed on a rotating plane (Fig a). They are of
the same mass m. The distance between A and the rotational axis is r. A and B are
L apart. The coefficient of friction is . Suppose A and B perform uniform
circular motion.
11
278413333.doc
A
O
r
L
Fig a
(a) A and B do not slide on the plane. What is the maximum angular speed of
the plane?
(3 marks)
(b) Now, A and B are connected with an inextensible string. The mass of the
string is negligible.
()
(2 marks)
(c) Suppose there is a hole at the centre of the plane. An inextensible string X
hanging a metal ball is connected to block A through the hole. The two
blocks are connected with another inextensible string Y (Fig b). The mass of
X and Y is negligible. The tensions in X and Y are TX and TY respectively.
Now, the angular speed of the plane is 3 times of that in (b) (), and the
blocks do not slide.
inextensible
strings
metal ball
12
278413333.doc
Fig b
()
(5 marks)
(3 marks)
-- ans -Solutions
Marks
mg = mrA2
A =
g
r
for block B,
1M
mg = m (r + L) B2
B =
g
<
r L
g
r
1A
g
.
r L
For block A,
friction tension in the string = centripetal force
mg T = mr2
(1)
1M
For block B,
friction + tension in the string = centripetal force
mg + T = m (r + L) 2
(2)
1M
(1) + (2),
2mg = mr2 + m (r + L) 2
1A
2g
2r L
Substitute =
2g
into (1),
2r L
mg T = mr
2g
2r L
2g
.
2r L
1M
1A
13
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T=
mgL
2r L
()
mgL
.
2r L
TX = Mg
For block A,
tension TX + friction tension TY = centripetal force
Mg + mg TY = mr2
(3)
1M
For block B,
friction + tension TY = centripetal force
mg + TY = m (r + L) 2
(4)
1M
(3) + (4),
2mg + Mg = mr2 + m (r + L) 2
2g
= m (2r + L) 3
2
r L
1M
= 18mg
M = 16m
The minimum mass of the metal ball is 16m.
()
1A
(5)
1M
(6)
1M
For block B,
tension TY friction = centripetal force
TY mg = m (r + L) 2
(5) + (6),
Mg 2mg = mr2 + m (r + L) 2
= 18mg
M = 20m
1A
-- ans end --
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