35 Villanueva, Christian Meguel C.

BSME-5th Year/201113338

M.E. Lab 3
Part 3 Experiment 1

Dr. Walter A. Joaquin

Group 6

QUESTIONS:
1. What is:
a. A two phase system - a system consisting of two coexisting bulk phases
b. A saturated vapor - a vapor whose temperature and pressure are such that any
compression of its volume at constant temperature causes it to condense to liquid at
a rate sufficient to maintain a constant pressure.
c. A super-heated vapor - a vapor that has been heated above its boiling point.
d. A super critical state - In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the
end point of a phase equilibrium curve.
e. A saturated liquid - a liquid whose temperature and pressure are such that an
decrease in pressure without change in temperature causes it to boil.
2. What happens when a saturated liquid is heated at constant pressure?
When a saturated liquid is heated at constant pressure, it will become
superheated vapor.
3. What happens when a saturated liquid is heated at constant volume?
When a saturated liquid is heated at constant volume, it will become superheated
water also known as "subcritical water" or "pressurized hot water."
4. What is the difference between a boiler and a steam generator?
A conventional steam boiler is a specifically designed pressure vessel,
containing a level controlled volume of water. The heat source (burner) is kW rated to
the maximum designed output of the boiler from and at 100oC, often with a burner
modulation facility to accommodate variations in steam load, to a turn down ratio of 3:1
and in larger boilers 5:1. A steam generator is a wet tube device consisting of a single
tube coil heat exchanger. The length, diameter and configuration of the coil heat
exchanger can vary between manufacturers. The heat source (burner) is kW calibrated
to raise the feed water at temperature (90C) to the steam table temperature of the dry
saturated steam being raised, multiplied by the steam volume. The burner could have a
modulation facility to accommodate variations in steam load.
5. Why do the liquid and vapor in a mixture of the same substance have the same
temperature and pressure?
Vaporliquid equilibrium (VLE) is a condition in which a liquid and its vapor (gas
phase) are in equilibrium with each other, a condition or state where the rate of
evaporation (liquid changing to vapor) equals the rate of condensation (vapor changing
to liquid) on a molecular level such that there is no net (overall) vaporliquid
interconversion. A substance at vaporliquid equilibrium is generally referred to as a
saturated fluid.
6. Does the temperature of saturated steam increases uniformly with equal increases
of pressure?

Yes because from the combined gas law, Charles's law states that volume and
temperature are directly proportional to each other as long as pressure is held constant.
Boyle's law asserts that pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other at
fixed temperature. Finally, Gay-Lussac's law introduces a direct proportionality between
temperature and pressure as long as it is at a constant volume. Therefore, Temperature
is directly proportional to pressure and volume.
7. Why does the enthalpy of evaporation (hfg) for dry saturated steam decreases as
the pressure of the steam is increased?
Enthalpy of evaporation or latent heat (hfg) is the amount of heat required to
change the state of water at its boiling temperature, into steam. It involves no change in
the temperature of the steam/water mixture, and all the energy is used to change the
state from liquid (water) to vapour (saturated steam). Like the phase change from ice to
water, the process of evaporation is also reversible. The same amount of heat that
produced the steam is released back to its surroundings during condensation, when
steam meets any surface at a lower temperature.
Sources:
http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9789048136421c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1355478-p173938039
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/saturated+vapor
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Superheated+Vapor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_point_(thermodynamics)
http://web.iitd.ac.in/~pmvs/courses/mel140/mcl140-12.ppt.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheated_water
http://maintenanceonline.org/article.asp?id=6577
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor%E2%80%93liquid_equilibrium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_gas_law
http://www2.spiraxsarco.com/resources/steam-engineering-tutorials/steam-engineeringprinciples-and-heat-transfer/what-is-steam.asp