ECE 476 Power System Analysis Fall 2014

Homework 3

Reading: Chapter 4 from textbook.

Problem 1. A 60-Hz single-phase, two-wire overhead line has solid cylindrical copper conductors with 1.5 cm diameter. The conductors are arranged in a horizontal configuration with 0.5 m spacing. Calculate in mH/km:
a) The inductance of each conductor due to internal flux linkages only.
The internal inductance of each conductor is given by (4.4.10):



1
1000 mH
1000 m
7
Lint = 10 H/m
= 0.05 mH/km per conductor.
2
1H
1 km
b) The inductance of each conductor due to both internal and external flux linkages.
The inductance for each conductor due to both internal and external flux linkages is given by (4.4.21):
 
D
7
Lx = Ly = 2 10 ln
r0
! 


H
1000 mH
1000 m
0.5
7


= 2 10 ln
.
m
1H
1 km
e1/4 0.015
2
= 0.8899 mH/km per conductor
c) The total inductance of the line.
The total inductance of the single phase circuit is
L = Lx + Ly = 1.780 mH/km per circuit.
Problem 2. Rework Problem 1 if the diameter of each conductor is:
a) Increased by 20% to 1.8 cm.



1000 mH
1000 m
1
= 0.05 mH/km per conductor.
Lint = 107 H/m
2
1H
1 km
Lx = Ly = 2 10

= 2 10


ln
ln

D
r0


!

0.5
e1/4

0.018
2

H
m



1000 mH
1H



1000 m
1 km

= 0.8535 mH/km per conductor.

L = Lx + Ly = 1.707 mH/km per circuit.
b) Decreased by 20% to 1.2 cm, without changing the phase spacing.



1
1000 mH
1000 m
Lint = 107 H/m
= 0.05 mH/km per conductor.
2
1H
1 km
1

Lx = Ly = 2 107 ln
= 2 10

ln

D
r0


!

0.5
0.012
2

e1/4

H
m



1000 mH
1H



1000 m
1 km

= 0.9346 mH/km per conductor.

L = Lx + Ly = 1.869 mH/km per circuit.
Compare the results with those of Problem 1.
Lint is independent of conductor diameter.
A 20% increase in conductor diameter results in a 4.1% decrease in inductance.
A 20% decrease in conductor diameter results in a 5% increase in inductance.
Problem 3. A 60-Hz three-phase, three-wire overhead line has solid cylindrical conductors arranged in the form of
an equilateral triangle with 4 ft conductor spacing. Conductor diameter is 0.5 in. Calculate the positive-sequence
inductance in H/m and the positive-sequence inductive reactance in /km.
The line inductance is given by
L = 2 10

= 2 10


ln
ln

D
r0


!

4
e1/4

0.5
2

1 ft
12 in

= 1.101 106 H/m per phase.

Then the inductive reactance is

XL = L = 260 1.101 10



1000 m
km


= 0.4153 /km.

Problem 4. Calculate the capacitance-to-neutral in F/m and the admittance-to-neutral in S/km for the three-phase
line in Problem 3 (stated above). Neglect the effect of the earth plane.
The capacitance-to-neutral per line length is
Can =

2(8.854 1012 )
2


=
= 1.058 1011 F/m line-to-neutral.
4
ln(D/r)
ln 0.25/12

Then, the admittance-to-neutral per line length is

 

1000 m
S
Ban = Can = 260(1.058 1011 )
= 3.989 106 S/km line-to-neutral.
m
1 km
Problem 5. Rework Problem 4 if the phase spacing is:
a) Increased by 20% to 4.8 ft.
The capacitance-to-neutral per line length is
Can =

2
2(8.854 1012 )


= 1.023 1011 F/m line-to-neutral.
=
4.8
ln(D/r)
ln 0.25/12

Then, the admittance-to-neutral per line length is

 

S
1000 m
Ban = jCan = j260(1.023 1011 )
= 3.855 106 S/km line-to-neutral.
m
1 km

b) Decreased by 20% to 3.2 ft.

The capacitance-to-neutral per line length is
Can =

2
2(8.854 1012 )


= 1.105 1011 F/m line-to-neutral.
=
3.2
ln(D/r)
ln 0.25/12

Then, the admittance-to-neutral per line length is

 

S
1000 m
Ban = Can = j260(1.105 1011 )
= 4.166 106 S/km line-to-neutral.
m
1 km
Compare the results with those of Problem 4.
A 20% increase in phase spacing results in a 3.4% decrease in shunt capacitance and admittance.
A 20% decrease in phase spacing results in a 4.4% increase in shunt capacitance and admittance.