Ex.

No
Date

:
:

CENTRIFUGALPUMP

AIM:
Tostudytheoperatingcharacteristicsofcentrifugalpump.
APPARATUSREQUIRED:
1) Centrifugalpumptestrig.
2) Stopwatch.
3) Metrescale.
FORMULA:
1.Totalhead(H):
H=Hs+Hd+Hc
Where,
HsSuctionhead(m)
HdDeliveryhead(m)
HcCorrectionhead(m)(0.38m)
2.SuctionheadHs(m)ofwater:
Hs=Hs(Hg)xSHg
Sw
Where,
Hs(Hg)Suctionheadinmercurycolumn(m)
SHgSpecificgravityofmercury(13.6)
SwSpecificgravityofwater(1)
3.DeliveryheadHd(m)ofwater:
Hd=Pd
W
Where,
PdDeliverypressure(Kg/cm2).
WSpecificweightofwater(1000Kg/m3).
4.Discharge(Q):
Q=lby
t1

Where,
L,bDimensionsofcollectingtank(m)
YDimensionsofwaterintank(m)
t1Timeforyriseofwater(s).
5.Inputpower(I/P):
I/P=3600N
Ect2
Where,
Nnumberofrevolutionsinenergy(m)

EcEnergymeterconstant(rev/kw)(150rev/kw)
t2Timefornrevolutions(s).
6.OutputPower(Q/P):
O/P=QWH
1000
Where,
QDischarge(m3/s)
HTotalhead(m)
WSpecificweightofwater(9810N/m3).
7.Efficiency:
=O/Px100
I/P
THEORY:
Thecentrifugalpumpsareclassifiedintorotodynamicpumpwherethepressureis
developedwhichenableslighterliquidfromlowertohigherlevels.Basicprincipleisthat
whenmassofcertainliquidismadetorotatebyaninterfereforceismadeheadis
impressed,whichenablesittoahighlevel.Ifmore,thenthehigherlevelofpumpis
ensuredinadditiontoliquidasitpassesthroughimpeller.Itsangularmomentumchanges
whichalsoresultsinincreaseofpressureofliquid.

PROCEDURE:
1. Areaofcollectingtankusfoundanddifferencebetweenlevelofsuctionand
deliveryaremeasured.
2. Primingthepumpisnecessary.
3. Openthedeliveryvaluefullyandsearchonpump.
4. Deliveryvaluedisclosedgraduallytilldeliveryheadisdevelopedhighinvalued.
5. Thedeliveryvalueisclosedgradually.
6. Tabulateobservedreadingsaftertheexperiment.

RESULT:
Theexperimentisstudiedand
(i)
Maximumefficiencyobtained:
(ii)
Correspondinginputpower:
(iii)
CorrespondingDischarge:
(iv)
Correspondingtotalhead:

TABULATI
ONS:

Delivery Timefor
Timefor Suction Deliver Total Discharg I/P
Pressure 10cm
Head y
Head e
5
Sl.NoSuction Pd
riseofwater Revolutio (Hs) Head H
(Q)
Pressu
(Hd)
t1
n
re
t2
Hs(Hg)

1
2

3
4

mmofHg Kg/cm2

sec

sec

m3/s

O/P

Kw
Kw

Efficiency

SYSTEMDETAILS:
Lengthofcollectingtank,l=
Breadthofcollectingtank,b=

Energymeter

constant

Correctionhead

:
:

Ex.No
Date

RECIPROCATINGPUMP

AIM:
Tostudytheoperatingcharacteristicsofreciprocatingpump.
APPARATUSREQUIRED:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Reciprocatingpumps
Testrig
Stopwatch
Metrescale

FORMULA:
(i)Totalhead(H)mofwater:
H=Hs+Hd+Hc
Where,
HsSuctionhead(m)
HdDeliveryhead(m)
HcCorrectionhead(m)(0.43m)
ii)SuctionHead:

Where,

Hs=Hs(Hg)xSHg
Sw

Hs(Hg)SuctionheadinHgcolumns(mmofHg)
SHgSpecificgravityofHg(13.6)
SwSpecificgravityofwater(1)
iii)Deliveryhead:

Where,

Hd=Pd/w

Pddeliverypressure(Kg/cm2)
WSpecificgravityofwater(1000kg/m3).

iv)Discharge:
Q=(lby)/t1
Where,
Llengthofthecollectingtank(m)
Bbreadthofthecollectingtank(m)
Yriseofwaterincollectingtank(m)
t1timeforymriseofwater(s)
(v)Inputpower:

Where,

I/P=3600N
Ect2

Nnoofrevolutions
FcEnergymeterconstant(rev/kwh)(1500rev/kw)
t2timefornrevolutions(s)
(vi)Outputpower:

Where,

O/P=WQHWatts
(Or)
=WQHKW
1000

QDischarge(m3/s)
WSpecificweightofwater(9810N/m3)
HTotalhead(m)
viii)Efficiency:
=O/PX100
I/P
THEORY:
Thepumpisdrivenbyfromanelectricmotorandspeedisreducedthroughbelts
andreducinggearsystems.Thepumpconsistsofacylinderinwhichpistonworks

forwardandbackward.Thismovementcausespositiveandnegativeincylinderandthis
risesthewater.

PROCEDU0RE:
1. Thedetailsregardingthepump,motorandsystemarenoted,thesizeof
2. collectingtankenergymeterisconstant
3. Keepingthedeliverytubevaluefullyopenthemotorisstartedunderthis
conditionfollowingvacuumgaugereading,pressuregaugereading,pressure
gaugereading,timefor10cmriseintimeforrevolutionsofenergymeter
4. Repeattheobservationsforatleastfivedifferentheadbymountingthetube.
5. Necessaryobservationsaremorekeepingthedeliverytubevaluefull.

RESULT:
=

1. Maximumefficiencyobtained

2. Correspondingdischarge

3. Inputpower

4. Correspondingtotalheadofwater

TABULATIONS:
Delivery
Suction
Pressure
Pressure
Pd

io

he

ad

g
SYS
TEM y
DET m
AILS e
:
t

Size
Hs(Hg)
of
colle
Kg/cm2mmof
cting
Hg
tank

n
t
C
o
r

=
=
=
Suction Deliv Total Timefor
Head
10cm
ery Head
Hs
rise
Hea
H
t1
d
m
sec
Hd
m
m

Q
3/s

for
5
revolution

t2

Discharge

Ex.No
Date

Time

:
:

sec

power
I/P

power
O/P

Kw

Kw

Input

Output

VENTURIMETER

AIM:
TodeterminethecoefficientofdischargeoftheVenturimeter
APPARATUSREQUIRED:
1)
2)
3)
4)

Venturimeterwithmanometer
Stopwatch
Collectingtank
Supplypump

FORMULA:
1)Dropinheadacrossmeter:
H=(H1H2)smsw(m)
Sw

Where,
H1,H2manometerreadings(m)
SmSpecificgravityofmercury(13.6)
SwSpecificgravityofwater(1)
2.Theroiticaldischarge(Qth):
Qth=a1a22gh(m3/s)
a12a22

Where,
a1crosssectionalareaofpipe(m2)
a2crosssectionalareofthroat(m2)
D1D2diameterofpipe(25mm)andthroat(11mm)(m)
hdropinheadacrossmeter(m)
3.Actualdischarge(Qact):
Qact=lby(m3/s)
T

ncy

Efficie

Where,
Llengthofcollectingtank(m)(0.5m)
Bbreadthofcollectingtank(m)(0.5m)
Yriseofwaterlevelintank(m)(0.1m)
Ttimeforymriseintank(s)

4.CoefficientofDischarge:
Cd=Qact/Qth
Where,
QactActualdischarge(m3/s)
QthTheoriticaldischarge(m3/s)
THEORY:
VenturimeterisadevicewhichworksontheprincipleofBernoullisequation.It
isusedformeasuringtherateofflowoffluidthroughapipe.Itconsistsoftheseparts.
1. Ashortconvergingpart.
2. Throat
3. Divergingpart
AUtubemanometerisconnectedtothepipeandthroughwhichshowsthehead
differencebetweenthem.TherewillnotbeanydatumheadHthewaterishorizontal.
Hencethepressureheadisequaltothevelocityhead.Themainprincipleinvolvedisthat
thepressureatthroatismaximumduetodecreasingcrosssectionwhichismeasuredby
usingmanometer.Thuswemeasuredischargeaswellasitscoefficient.
PROCEDURE:
1. Checkwhetherallthejointsareleakproofandwatertight.
2. Closeallthepipeswithcocksinthepressurefeedpipesandmanometerto
preventdamageandoverloadingofthemanometer.
3. Opentheinletvalueofthepipe.
4. Switchonthepumpandadjustandthecontrolvaluetoallowthemeterto
flowthroughVenturimeter.
5. Openthedownstreamandupstreamcocksthatconnectthemanometertothe

Venturimeterforwhichthecoefficientofdischargeistobecalculated.
6. Primethemanometerproperly.
7. Adjustthecontrolvaluetomaintaintheflowandforthedeservedrateof
flow.
8. Measurethemanometerheadtofindtheventuredischarge.
9. Measurethetimetakenfor10mmriseinthecollectingtanktofindtheactual
discharge.
10.Calculatethecoefficientofdischargeandrepeattheprocedureforthe
differentflowrates.
RESULT:
ThecoefficientofdischargefortheVenturimeterisfoundoutandthenecessary
graphisplotted.
FromthetableCd=
(i)
FromthegraphCd=
(ii)
TABU
LATI
ONS:

Readings
H
o
H
Manometer
N

S.

TankT
Dropinhead
acrossthemeter
H
Time
for
10cm
risein

x102mx102m

x102m

Theoritic Actual Co
Discharg efficientof
al
discharge
discharge e
Qact
Qth
sec

xm3/sxm3/s

1
2
3
4

SYSTEMDETAILS:
=
Lengthofcollectingtank
=
(l)
=
Breadthofcollectingtank
=
(b)
=
Areaoftank
Inletdiameter,d1
Throatdiameterd2
A1=
A2=

Ex.No
Date

:
:

ORIFICEMETER

AIM:
Todeterminethecoefficientofdischargeoftheorificemeter.
APPARATUSREQUIRED:

Nounit

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Orificemeter
Manometer
Stopwatch
Collectingtank
Supplypump

FORMULA:
1.Dropinheadacrossmeter(H):
H=(h1h2)(SmSw)(m)
Sw
Where,
SmSpecificgravityofmercury(13.6)
SwSpecificgravityofwater(1)
H1,H2Manometerreadings(m)
2.Theoriticaldischarge(Qth):
Qth=a1a22gh
(m3/s)
a12a22
Where,
a1Crosssectionalareaofpipe(m2)
a2Crosssectionalareaoforifice(m2)
hDropinheadacrossmeter(m)
3.Actualdischarge(Qact):
Qact=lby/T(m3/s)
Where,
Llengthofcollectingtank(m)(0.5m)
Bbreadthofcollectingtank(m)(0.5m)
yriseofwaterincollectingtank(m)(10cm)
Ttimeforymriseofwater(s)

4.Coefficientofdischarge(Cd):
Cd=Qact/Qth
Where,
QactActualdischarge(m3/s)
QthTheoriticaldischarge(m3/s)
THEORY:
Orificemeterisadeviceusedformeasuringtherateofflowofafluidthroughthe
pipe.ItworksonthesameprincipleasthatofVenturimeter.Itconsistsofaflatcircular
plathavingacircularsharpedgeholecalledorifice,concentricwiththepipe.Theorifice
diameteris0.5timesthediameterofthepipe.
PROCEDURE:
1. Checkwhetherallthejointsareleakproofandwatertight.
2. Closeallthecocksinthepressurefeedpipesandmanometertoprevent
damageandoverloadingofthemanometer.
3. Opentheinletvalueofthepipe.
4. Switchonthepumpandadjustthecontrolvaluetoallowthewatertoflow
throughorificemeter
5. Openthedownstreamandupstreamcocksthatconnectthemanometertothe
orificemeterforwhichthecoefficientofdischargeistobecalculated.
6. Primethemanometerproperly.
7. Adjustthecontrolvaluetomaintaintheflowandforthedesiredrateofflow
8. Measurethemanometerheadtofindtheorificedischarge.
9. Measurethetimetakenforthe10mmriseinthecollectingtanktofindthe
actualdischarge.
10.Calculatethecoefficientofdischargeandrepeattheprocedureforthe
differentflowrates.
RESULT:
Thecoefficientofdischargefortheorificemeterisfoundoutandthenecessary
graphisplotted:
FromthetableCd=
FromthegraphCd=

TABULATIONS:
Dropinhead
acrossthemeter
(H)

ManometerReadings

S.No
H1

x102m

H2

H1H2

x102m

x102m

1
2
3
4

SYSTEMDETAILS:
Lengthofcollectingtank(l)=
Breadthofcollectingtank(b)=

Diameterofpipe(d1)

Diameterofthroat(d2)

A1=
d12
4
A2=
d22
4
AIM:

Ex.No
Date

:
:

Timefor10cm Theoritical
riseinTankT dischargeQth
sec

xm3/s

Actual
Discharge
Qact
Xm3/s

Coefficient
ofdischarge

KAPLANTURBINE
TostudythecharacteristicsofKaplanturbineunderconstantheadcondition.
APPARATUSREQUIRED:
1. Kaplanturbine
2. Tacheometer
FORMULA:
1.Discharge(Q):
Q=Cda1a22gh(m3/s)
a12a22
Where,
CdCoefficientofdischargeofVenturimeter(0.98)
a1areaofinletsection(m2)
a2areaofoutletsection(m2)
hVenturimeterhead(m)(P1P2)/w
P1,P2Pressureininletandthroatrespectively(kg/cm2)
wSpecificweightofwater(1000kg/m3)
2.Inputpower(I/P)
I/P=WxQxH
Where,

Watts

WSpecificweightofwater(9810N/m3)
QDischarge(m3/s)
HHeadofwateratinletofturbine(m)(Pd*10)
3.Outputpower(O/P):
O/P=DNxT
Watts
Where,60
NSpeedofturbine(rpm)
DBrakedowndiameter(m)

T(T1T2+T0)*9.81(N)
T1loadappliedinhanger(kg)
T2Springload(kg)
T0Weightofhanger(0.75kg)

4.Efficiencyofturbine(n):
N=O/Px100%
I/P
5.Specificspeed(Ns):
Ns=Nprpm
(H)5/4
Where,
NSpeedormaximumefficiency(rpm)
POutputpowercorrespondingtomaximumefficiency(kw)
HHeadandinletofturbine(m)
DESCRIPTION:
Kaplanturbineconsistsofseriesofdiscofbucketsfixedaroundtheperipheryof
circulardiscorcircularwherecalledrunner.Therunnermountedonshaftwateris
suppliedbyapumpthroughpipe.Theotherendofpipeinfittedwithnozzle.Theamount

ofwaterflowingoutofnozzleiscontrolledbyaspear.Thedifferenceinpressureis
measuredbydifferentialmanometer.Therateofflowthroughthepipeismeasuredbya
Venturimeter.Thewaterisdischargedthroughadrafttubeintotalrace.
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Primethepumpwithwaterandstartthepump.
Graduallyopenthedeliveryvalue.
Observespeedandwheelusingtachometer.
Observethereadingofs1,s2ofcorrespondinglytofindfluidlevelinmeter.
Adjusttheloadonbrakedrumandnotedownthespeedofturbineusing
tachometerandspringbalancereading
Repeattheabovestepsforcertainnumberofreading.

RESULT:
Maximumefficiency
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Correspondingoutputpower
Correspondinginputpower
Specificspeed
NS:

eed
S

TABULATIO

S.N
o

of
turbine
rpmN

=
=
=
LoadApplied
(T)
Kg

Spring
Load,
T2

T
x
9
.
8
1

T=

Netweight
ofBrake
down
Kg
1

Inl
et
Pr
es
su
Pressurein
re
Venturimeter
P1x104P2x104

(T1T0)+T N

headx104 kg/m2 kg/m2 W

(Pd)

Kg

kg/m2

2
3
4
5

SYSTEM
DETAILS:

=
=
Diameterofbrake =
drum
=
Diameterofpipe
inlet
Diameterofpipe =
throat
Pressureheadinlet =
=
Cd=
ToWtofhanger
Areaofinlet
Areaofthroat

Ex.No
Date
AIM:

:
:

Input OutputEffici
Power Power ency
I/P O/P N

FLOWTHROUGHORIFICE

TodeterminethehydrauliccoefficientCd,forthegivenorificebyVaryingheadmethodandtocompare
Cdwithconstantheadmethod.
APPARATUSREQUIRED:
1. Orifice
2. Metrescale
3. Stopwatch
4. Collectingtank
5. Horizontalscale&verticalscale.
DESCRIPTION:
Theexperimentalsetupconsistsofanorificetankatwhichtheorificeisfixedat
thebottomofthetank.Apiezometertubeisfixedintheorificetanktomeasurethehead
ofwater.Twoscalesoneverticalandotherhorizontalarefixedinfrontoftheorificeto
measurethelevelofwaterjetflowing.Apipeisprovidedthroughwhichwaterflowsinto

thecollectingtankinwhichapiezometertubeisfixedtofindthesizeofwaterlevel.A
electricmotordrivenpumpisusedtopumpwatertooneorificetank.Thecollectingtank
consistsifanoutlettubeprovidedwithavaluewhichallowswaterintoapumpwhichis
recirculated.Orificeisasmallopeningofanycrosssection(muchascircular,triangular,

rectangularetc)onthesideoratbottomofatankthroughwhichafluidisflowing.
Orificeareusedformeasuringtherateofflowoffluid.Theliquidflowingthroughthe
orificeformsajetofliquidwhoseareaofcrosssectionislessthanthatoforifice.The

areaofjetoffluidgoesondecreasingandatasectioncctheareaisminimum.Thus
sectionisapproximatelyatadistanceofhalfofdiameteroftheorifice.Atthissection,
thestreamlinesarestraightandparalleltoeachotherandperpendiculartotheplaneof
orifice.ThussectioniscalledVenacontracta.Beyondthissection,thejetdivergesandis
attractedinthisdownwarddirectionbythegravity.

FORMULAUSED:
Theoriticaldischarge=
=

V=2gh
Actualdischarge
Ay
Qa
=
t
Aareaofcollectingtank
yRiseofwaterincollectingtank
ttimetakenfor10cmrise.
Coefficientofdischarge
Cd=Qact
Qth

areaoforificeXTheorticalVelocity
ax2gh

VaryingHead:
Cd=2A(H1H2)
2gat
Where,
A-areaofcollectingtank

aareaoforifice
gaccelerationduetogravity
H1initialheadinorificetank
H2finalheadinorificetank
ttimerequiredfordescendingtheliquidfromH1toH2
PROCEDURE:
Themotorisswitchedonfirstandcdvalueisfoundbyvaryingmethod.InthismethodthevalueH2is
fixedatcertainpoint.Thenthewaterinthetankisraisedtocertainlevel.H1iebyregulatingtheinlet
valueNotethetimetakenforthefallinwaterlevelfromH1toH2.ThenveryH1distancebykeepingH2
valueasconstant.Notethediameteroftheorificeandareofthetank.Inthecaseofconstanthadmethod
theheighthiskeptconstantandthetimetakenfor10cmriseinthecollectingtankisfoundout.Then
varytheheightandfindthecorrespondingtime.Aftertaking5readingsswitchoffthemoter
GRAPH:
AgraphisplottedbytakingHalongxaxisandCd,Cv,Cc,alongyaxis.

RESULT:
Thehydrauliccoefficientoforificeis
CoefficientofdischargeCdbyVaryingheadmethod

CoefficientofdischargeCdbyconstantheadmethod

TABULATION:
S.NoH1H=H1H0
cm Cm

Ave
rag
e
Cv
=
Ave
rag
e
Cc
=

Ex.No
Date

A
v
e
Qth
r 3
(m /sec)x103
a
g
e

C
d

Timefor
10cm
rise
cm

Qact Cd
(m3/s
ec)x1
04

:
:

DETERMINATIONOFCOEFFICIENTOFDISCHARGEFORTHEGIVEN
ORIFICEBYVARYINGHEADMETHOD
AIM:

Todeterminethecoefficientofdischargeofmouthpiecebyvaryinghead
methodandtocompareCdwiththeconstantheadmethod.
APPARATUSREQUIRED:
1. Mouthpiece
2. Meterscale
3. Stopwatch
FORMULA:
Cd=2A[H1-H2]
2gat
Aareaofcollectingtank

aareaoforifice
gaccelerationduetogravity.
H1Initealheadinorificetank
H2Finalheadinorificetank
cdCoefficientofdischarge
ttimerequiredfordescendingliquid
fromH1toH2
CONSTANTHEADMETHOD:
Qth=a2gh
aAeaofmouthpiece
hHeadmax.
Qact=Ay
t
AAreaofcollectingtank
tTimefor10cmriseofliquid
CdQact
Qth

DESCRIPTION:
Theexperimentconsistsofmaintankfromwhichwaterispumpedbymotorto
themouthpiecetankthroughtheinletvalue.Theinletvalueisusedtoregulatethewater
flow.Ascaleispresentatthesideofthetanktoknowtheamountofwaterinthetank.A

collectingtankispresentandascaleisalsopresenttofindout10cmsizeofwaterinthe
collectingtank.
PROCEDURE:
1. ThemotorisnotchedonfirstandCdvalueisfoundbyvaryingheadmethod.In
thismethodthevalueH2isfixedatcertainpoint.
2. ThenthewaterinthetankisraisedtocertainlevelH 1(ie)byregulatingtheinlet

valuenotethetimetakenforthefallinthewaterlevelfromH1toH2.
3. ThenvaryH1distancebykeepingH2valueasconstant.Notethediameterofthe
Orificeandareaofthetank.
4. Inthiscase,ofconstantheadmethodtheheighthiskeptconstantandthetime
takenfor10cmsizeinthecollectingtankisfoundout.
5. Thenvarytheheightandfindthecorrespondingtime.Aftertaking5readings
switchofthemotor.

RESULT:
1.Coefficientofdischargebyvaryingheadmethod=
2.Coefficientofdischargebyconstantheadmethod=

TABULATION:
VARYINGHEADMETHOD:
HEAD

TIME

H1H2

S.No

H1cm

H2cm

TABULATION:
CONSTANTHEADMETHOD:
S.No

H1H=H1H0
Cm

Cm

(T)S

Qthx104
M3/s

cm

Timefor
10cmrise
(s)t

Cd=2A(H1H2)
2gaT

Qactx104
M3/s

Cd

SYSTEMDETAILS:
Diameteroforifice(d)
Areaofcollectingtank(A)
Areaofmouthpiece(a)
Levelofwateratthecentreofmouthpiece(H0)

Ex.No
Date

=
=
=

:
:

MULTISTAGECENTRIFUGALPUMP
[PARALLELANDSERIESCONNECTION]

AIM:
Tostudythecharacteristicsoftwosimilarpumpsconnectedinparallelandin
seriesandtocomparethesamewiththatobtainedfromthecharacteristicofoneofthe
twopumpsbyextrapolation.
APPARATUSREQUIRED:
1. Pumpsetup
2. Stopwatch

3. Steelrule
DESCRIPTION:
Acentrifugalpumpwhichworksontheprincipleofforcedvertexflourconsists
ofanimpellerrotatinginsideacasing.Itconvertsthemechanicalenergyintopressure
energybymeansofcentrifugalforceactingonthefluid.
Thetestrigconsistsoftwosimilarpumpofsize25mmx25mmeachandare
drivenby0.5.Amperecapacityarefittedinthedeliveryandsectionpipestomeasurethe
head.
Anenergymeterandastopwaterareprovidedtomeasuretheinputtothemotor
andacollectingtanktomeasuretheactualdischarge.
TESTONSINGLEPUMP:
EXPERIMENTALPROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Primethepumpifnecessary
Closetheregulatingvaluetotallyandswitchonthemotor.
Adjustthegatevaluetogettherequiredhead.
Notedownthefollowingreadings.
(a)Thepressuregaugereading(Kgf/cm2)
(b)TimeforImpulseresolutionoftheenergymeterdiscinsec(T)
(c)Thetimeforhmsizeincollectingtankinsec.
(d)Thevacuumpressuregaugereading(mmofHg)
(e)Repeattheexperimentsforother.Takeminimum6setofreadings.

TESTSETUPFORPARALLELOPERATION:
Tosimilarpumpsareconnectedinsuchawaythatitmaybeoperatedinparallel
bymanipulatinglargequantityofwaterthepumpareconnectedinparallel.

EXPERIMENTALPROCEDURE:
1. Primethepumpifnecessary.
2. Closetheregulatingvaluefullyandswitchonthemotorthepumpareconnected
inparallel.
3. Adjustthegatevaluetogettherequiredhead.
4. Notedownthefollowingdetails.
(a)Thepressuregaugereading(kgf/cm2)
(b)Thevacuumgaugereading(mmofHg)
(c)TimeforImpulserevolutionoftheenergymeterdisc(T)insec.
(d)Timeforhsizeinthecollectingtanktinsec.
(e)Repeattheexperimentfortheotherheadstakeminimum6setofreading.
TESTSETUPFORSERIESOPERATION:
Twosimilarpumpsareconnectedinsuchawaythattheymaybeoperatedin
seriesbymanipulatingthevaluesprovidedbydevelopingahighheadofwater,the
pumpsareconnectedinseries.
ThefollowinggraphareplottedbytakingQactalongxaxisandremainingco
ordinatesalongyaxisforsinglepump.
(i) Qactvsoutput
(ii)Qactvstotalhead
(iii)Qactvsefficiency.
FORSERIESCONNECTION:
Qactvstotalheadandalsodrawforsinglepump.
FORPARALLELCONNECTION:
Qactvstotalheadforsingleandparallelconnection.
RESULT:
PARALLELCONDITION:
Maximumefficiencyobtained
CorrespondingdischargeQ
CorrespondingInputpower
CorrespondingOutputpower
Correspondingmaximumhead
SERIESCONDITION:
Maximumefficiencyobtained
CorrespondingdischargeQ
CorrespondingInputpower
CorrespondingOutputpower
Correspondingmaximumhead

CONNECTIO
N:
SERIES

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
S
u
c

cuum (m)
gauge
n
(Hs) Hs
reading
S.No
He
mm
Va
tio

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SYSTEMDETAILS:

DeliveryHead
(Hd)
Pressuregauge
Hd
readingkgfkm2Ng

=
Internalplandimensionofcollecting
tank
=
Energymeterconstant

Differenceinlevelbetweenpressure
=
gauge
andvacuum
gauge

Specificgravityofwater

Timefor10 Acutal Output Input =O/P

Totalhead
impulsein
I/Px
discharg from tothe
EMD
time
pump motor 100%
e
forhmrise IMP
Qactx10 (kw) (kw)
H=Hs+Hd+x
3
10cm
(
m
)

m3/s