Oracle Interview Question

Quest1:-Which oracle process is responsible for fetch the data from

database to data buffer?
Ans:-If request data is not found in Data buffer then server process (not
database writer)go to the database and fetch the data.
Quest2::-During the database online backup. does data will write into
datafile or not??
Yes,data will be write into datafile. datafile headers freezes and all the modified
blocks will be written to redo stream and when we issue end backup command then
database will write modified blocks to datafiles by accessing redo files.
Quest 3:-what we will do if our undo tablespace is full?
Qust:-4 During starting of database if what will happen if SPfile is not
found?
BY default database read SPfile if its not found then it will read pfile.
Quest 5:- When we create control from old controlfile, there have to option
REUSE and SET. what is difference between?
Quest 6:-what is database command to check the space in temp
tablespace?
Quest 7:- What are the various Backup strategies used in SAP ?
(A) There are 3 Backup strategies in SAP
i) Complete Backup:- Restore missing Database files from complete Backup,
Restore Offline Redo Log files writte during and after this Backup.
ii) Incremental Backup:- Restore missing Data files from last Full Backup,
update them with restore from last Incremental Backup.
iii)Partial Backup:- Replace complete backup with partial Backups , we need a
longer time to perform a recovery from media crash
Quest 8:- What are the situations in which DBWO writes dirty blocks to
disks?
If the number of scanned buffers reaches a certain thresh hold.
At a specific time that is when check point occurs

Quest 9:- What are the conditions in which log writer writes redo log
buffer data to online redo log files ?
There 4 conditions:
When transaction is committed.
For every three seconds.
When redo log is 1/3rd of full.
When DBWR is about to write modified buffers to disk and some of the
corresponding redo records have not at been written to online redo log i.e. write
ahead logging.
Quest 10:- How Listener work with database?
Quest:11 What is the concept of log switching in oracle database?
Oracle redo log files do not dynamically grow when more space is needed for redo
entries; they have a fixed size (on SAP systems, typically 50 MB). When the
current online redo log file becomes full, the log writer process closes this file and
starts writing into the next one. This is called a log switch
Quest 12:-What is the use of checkpoint?
The term checkpoint has at least two different meanings.
First, checkpoint is the event of writing all modified buffers in the buffer cache to
data files with the database writer process.
It updates the headers of all data files to record the details of the checkpoint.
It writes information about the checkpoint position in the online redo log
into the control file.
Qest 13:-How we connect from OPS$ user?
Cmd>>sqlplus /

:-from this way it will connect from OPS$ user

Quest 14:-What is shutdown mode in oracle database?

NORMAL
No new connections are allowed. Oracle waits for all currently connected
users to disconnect from the database. Only after the last user has
disconnected (in SAP system: all work processes have been stopped), Oracle
shuts down the database: all files are closed, the database is dismounted, and
the instance is shut down.
TRANSACTIONAL

No new connections are allowed, and no new transactions are allowed to be

started after the statement is issued. Oracle waits for all open transactions
to finish, then it disconnects all users (work processes in SAP system) and
shuts down the database.
IMMEDIATE
No new connections are allowed, and no new transactions are allowed to
be started after the statement is issued. The PMON process ends all user
sessions and performs a rollback of any open transactions. Then the database
is shut down.
ABORT
No new connections are allowed, and no new transactions are allowed to be
started after the statement is issued. All client SQL statements currently
being processed are terminated, without rolling back open transactions.
Users are disconnected and Oracle processes are stopped.
Quest:15:-process to create new control file?
Quest 16:-Difference between complete backup and Incremental backup.
Quest 17:- How to switch from manual to automatic undo management?
Create the new undo tablespace PSAPUNDO.
2. Change or insert the four new Oracle parameters with appropriate values.
3. Drop all rollback segments (except the SYSTEM rollback segment).
4. Delete (or comment out) the Oracle parameter rollback_segments.
5. Drop the rollback tablespace.
Quest 18:-What is tablespace,segment, Extent and block??

At the finest level of granularity, Oracle stores data in data blocks (also called
logical blocks, Oracle blocks, or pages). One data block corresponds to a specific
number of bytes of physical database space on disk.
The next level of logical database space is an extent. An extent is a specific number
of contiguous data blocks allocated for storing a specific type of information.
The level of logical database storage greater than an extent is called a segment. A
segment is a set of extents, each of which has been allocated for a specific data
structure and all of which are stored in the same tablespace. For example, each
table's data is stored in its own data segment, while each index's data is stored in
its own index segment. If the table or index is partitioned, each partition is stored
in its own segment.
Oracle allocates space for segments in units of one extent. When the existing
extents of a segment are full, Oracle allocates another extent for that segment.

Because extents are allocated as needed, the extents of a segment may or may not
be contiguous on disk.
A segment and all its extents are stored in one tablespace. Within a tablespace, a
segment can include extents from more than one file; that is, the segment can
span datafiles. However, each extent can contain data from only one datafile
Quest:-19 What is difference between R3trans x and R3trans d
R3trans d check the database connectivity through OPS$ mechanism
R3trans x DB connect without accessing any SAP table
Quest:-20:What is index and difference between B tree and Bitmap
Indexes(Google)
Quest:-21What is auto extended mode in tablespace?
Quest 22:-What is shared pool, Large pool and JAVA pool?
Quest 23:-What IS SGA,PMON,SMON??