7.

Reinforced concrete column design

Columns are structural elements which carry on the loads from girders and distribute them to the
foundations. They are designed using the bending moments on both directions and the axial
forces.
7.1 Internal forces
Being a main structural element the computation is done in the elastic range and the internal
forces for both fundamental and the special loaded cases are chosen from the outputs results
using Robot program.
The design internal efforts resulted from running the Finite element program are the following

7.2 Checking the maximum displacement of the section

Checking of the maximum displacements for the seismic action is made for both ULS and SLS.
For the SLS the checking is done using the following relation:
SLS
d SLS
r =vq d < d r ,a

Where:

d SLS
r
- relative displacement under a specific level corresponding to the serviceability

limit state;
v reduction factor which takes into account the period of appearance of an

earthquake having the value 0.4;

q behaviour coefficient;

relative displacement of a level (

d =0.2cm

between first floor and second

floor)
d SLS
r , a -maximum value for relative displacement of a level associated with the
serviceability limit state;

d SLS
d SLS
r =0.4 6.75 0.2=0.54 cm ;
r , a =0.008 3.2=2.56 cm
For the ULS the checking is done using the following relation:
ULS
d ULS
r =cq d <d r , a

Where:

d ULS
r
relative displacement corresponding to the ultimate limit state;
c- coefficient for amplification of the displacements which takes into account that for
periods smaller than the corner period, the seismic displacements computed are higher
than the ones corresponding to the elastic seismic response:
T
c=32.5 <2
l
where: T-the main period of the building; Tc-corner period taken
Tc
from P100-2006;
q- behavior coefficient;
d
-relative displacement of a level;
d ULS
r, a
- maximum allowable relative displacement under a level corresponding to the
seismic action corresponding to the ultimate limit state;

c=32.5

0.55
=1.03
0.7

ULS

d r , a =0.025 H level
d ULS
r , a =0.025 320=8 cm
ULS

d r =cq d =1.03 6.75 0.2=1.39 cm < d ULS

r, a
7.3 Materials properties

The concrete used in construction is C40/45 with the following property:

f cd = cc

f ck
40
=1
=26.6 N /mm 2
c
1,5

f cd

Design value of the compression strength of the concrete

f ck

Characteristic value of the compression strength of the concrete, measured

on cylinder at 28 days
c Partial coefficient for concrete

cc =1

Tensioned strength of the concrete:

f ctk 0.05
2.5
=1
=1.6 N /mm2
c
1,5

f ctd= cc

Reinforcements are made from OB 37 and PC 52 having the following design yielding
limit of the reinforcements:
2

f yd =210 N /mm

(OB 37)

f yd =300 N /mm2 (PC 52)

7.4. Establishing the compressed zone height

 x=

N
bh 0 f cd

h0=hc a
a=c +

Where:

a- the distance from the center of the mass of the reinforcement to the superior face of the
column
c- concrete covering
- reinforcement diameter
b -column width
N -axial force at the base of the column

h0=hc a=4505=400 mm

 x=

732948.3
=0.196
350 400 26.6

x =0.196< 0.4 the concrete section is adequate;

7.5 External bending moments computation

Depending on the direction (Z or Y) the establishment of external bending moments is done:
For marginal column S1:
i j

ik

jk

M Ed , i=M max, i Rd

M Rb
(daNm)
i j
M Eb

Where:

i-the specific direction;

M ik
Ed , i - design moment on the specific direction;
jk

M max, i - maximum bending moment on column on i direction from structural analysis

program (seismic combination);

Rd
- over strength factor is consider to be 1.3 for the base and ultimate level and 1.2

for the rest;

i j
M Rb - actual resisting moments on girders disposed on i direction who intersect the

node;
i j
M Eb - bending moments on girders who intersect the node resulted from structural

analysis;

7.6 Longitudinal reinforcement

The minimum diameter for the longitudinal bars is:

12 for PC 52;
14 for OB 37;

The maximum diameter for the longitudinal reinforcement is 28 ;

Maximum and minimum distance between bars:

The maximum distance- 50 mm;

The minimum distance- 25 mm;

7.6.1 Debasement column:

For the base level the bending moment is taken from the structural analysis;

i j

ik
Ed , i

=M

jk
max, i

M Rb
Rd i
(daNm)
j
M Eb

M ik
Ed , i =11501.83 1.3

15556.905
=25451.25(daNm)
13185.60

20
a=c + =25+ =35 mm
2
2

d=45035=415 mm

ec=

M Ed
25451.25 103
+ e a=
+20=367.244 (mm)
N Ed
73294.83

e a = max(20; hc/30)=max(20; 450/3=15)=20 mm;

e=

hc
450
+ ec a=
+367.24435=557.244 mm
2
2

If ec

hc/2.5 the concrete doesnt crack and the column will be reinforced

from the minimum condition.

0,1 N max
0,1 732948.3
Ed
=
=244.316 mm2
A s , min =max
f yd
300
0,002 400 400=320 mm2

As=

N Ed ehc x f cd (d0.5 x)
f yd (da)

Where:
x=

N Ed 732948.3
=
=61.23 mm
hc f cd 450 26.6

As=

dL=

732948.3 557.244450 61.23 26.6 (4150.5 61.23)

=1111.465 mm
300(41535)

As
1115.465
=
=18.8 mm d L =20 mm

A sr = d 2L= 20 2=1256.6 mm2

M Rd =N Ed

2 20,2 18

dx
41561.23
+ A sr f yd ( da )=732948.3
+ 1256.6 300 ( 41535 )=27289.9 daNm
2
2

Verification at oblique eccentric compression

M Edx a
1
M Rdx

( )

N Rd =b c hc f cd =350 450 26.6=418950 N=41895 daN

N Ed
41895
=
=0,57 a=1.5
N Rd 73294.83

25451.25
27289.9

1.5

=0.9 1

7.6.2 Ground floor column

M

ik
Ed , i

=M

jk
max, i

j
M i
Rb
Rd i j (daNm)
M Eb

M ik
Ed , i =10114.36 1.3

x=

15556.905
=22381.061(daNm)
13185.60

N Ed 623845.2
=
=52.11 mm
hc f cd 450 26.6

ec=

M Ed
22381.061 103
+ e a=
+20=378.75(mm)
N Ed
62384.52

e a = max(20; hc/30)=max(20; 450/3=15)=20 mm;

e=

hc
450
+ e a=
+378.7535=568.75 mm
2 c
2

As=

N Ed ehc x f cd (d0.5 x)
f yd (da)

As=

623845.2 568.75450 52.11 26.6 ( 4150.5 52.11)

=984.253 mm
300(41535)

dL=

As
1342.16
=
=17.7002mm d L =18 mm

A sr = d 2L= 18 2=1017.876 mm2 2 20, 2 18

M Rd =N Ed

dx
41552.11
+ A sr f yd ( da )=623845.2
+1017.876 300 ( 41535 )=22923.14 daNm
2
2

Verification at oblique eccentric compression

M Edx a
1
M Rdx

( )

N Rd =b c hc f cd =350 450 26.6=418950 N=41895 daN

N Ed
41895
=
=0.67 a=1.5
N Rd 62384.52

22381.061
22923.14

1.5

=0.96 1

7.6.3 Column from level 1

M

ik
Ed , i

=M

jk
max, i

j
M i
Rb
Rd i j (daNm)
M Eb

M ik
Ed , i =7212.03 1.3

x=

15556.905
=15958.784 (daNm)
13185.60

N Ed 441661.2
=
=36.8 mm
hc f cd 450 26.6

ec=

M Ed
15958.784 103
+ e a=
+20=381.33(mm)
N Ed
44166.12

e a = max(20; hc/30)=max(20; 450/3=15)=20 mm;

e=

hc
450
+ ec a=
+381.3335=571.33 mm
2
2

As=

N Ed ehc x f cd (d0.5 x)
f yd (da)

As=

441661.2 571.33450 36.8 26.6(4150.5 36.8)

=680.99 mm
300( 41535)

dL=

As
680.99
=
=15.72mm d L =16 mm

A sr = d L= 16 =804.2477 mm 2 20,2 16
M Rd =N Ed

dx
41552.11
+ A sr f yd ( da )=441661.2
+804.2477 300 ( 41535 )=17182.145 daNm
2
2

Verification at oblique eccentric compression

M Edx a
1
M Rdx

( )

N Rd =b c hc f cd =350 450 26.6=418950 N=41895 daN

N Ed
41895
=
=0.94 a=1.5
N Rd 44166.12

15958.784
17182.145

1.5

=0.89 1

7.6.4 Column from level 2

jk
M ik
Ed , i =M max, i Rd

ik

j
M i
Rb
(daNm)
j
M i
Eb

M Ed , i=7212.03 1.3

x=

15556.905
=15958.784 (daNm)
13185.60

N Ed 441661.2
=
=36.8 mm
hc f cd 450 26.6

M Ed
15958.784 103
ec=
+e =
+20=381.33(mm)
N Ed a
44166.12
e a = max(20; hc/30)=max(20; 450/3=15)=20 mm;

e=

hc
450
+ e a=
+381.3335=571.33 mm
2 c
2

As=

N Ed ehc x f cd (d0.5 x)
f yd (da)

As=

441661.2 571.33450 36.8 26.6(4150.5 36.8)

=680.99 mm
300( 41535)

dL=

As
680.99
=
=15.72mm d L =16 mm

A sr = d 2L= 16 2=804.2477 mm2 2 20,2 16

M Rd =N Ed

dx
41552.11
+ A sr f yd ( da )=441661.2
+804.2477 300 ( 41535 )=17182.145 daNm
2
2

Verification at oblique eccentric compression

M Edx a
1
M Rdx

( )

N Rd =b c hc f cd =350 450 26.6=418950 N=41895 daN

N Ed
41895
=
=0.94 a=1.5
N Rd 44166.12

15958.784
17182.145

1.5

=0.89 1

7.6.5 Column from level 3

M

ik
Ed , i

=M

jk
max, i

j
M i
Rb
Rd i j (daNm)
M Eb

M ik
Ed , i =6800.5 1.3

x=

15556.905
=14961.14 (daNm)
13185.60

N Ed
424971
=
=35.5 mm
hc f cd 450 26.6

ec=

M Ed
14961.1 10 3
+ e a=
+20=372.044( mm)
N Ed
42497.1

e a = max(20; hc/30)=max(20; 450/3=15)=20 mm;

e=

hc
450
+ e a=
+3712.04435=562.044 mm
2 c
2

As=

N Ed ehc x f cd (d0.5 x)
f yd (da)

As=

424971 562.044450 35.5 26.6 (4150.5 35.5)

=614.45 mm
300( 41535)

dL=

As
614.45
=
=15.72mm d L =16 mm

A sr = d 2L= 16 2=804.2477 mm2 2 16,2 18,

M Rd =N Ed

dx
41552.11
+ A sr f yd ( da )=424971
+804.2477 300 ( 41535 )=171232.24 daNm
2
2

Verification at oblique eccentric compression

M Edx a
1
M Rdx

( )

N Ed
=0.94 a=1.5
N Rd

14961.14
17232.24

1.5

=0.79 1

7.6.6 Column from level 4

i j

ik
Ed , i

=M

jk
max, i

M Rb
Rd i
(daNm)
j
M Eb

M ik
Ed , i =6800.5 1.3

x=

15556.905
=14961.14 (daNm)
13185.60

N Ed
424971
=
=35.5 mm
hc f cd 450 26.6

ec=

M Ed
14961.1 10 3
+ e a=
+20=372.044( mm)
N Ed
42497.1

e a = max(20; hc/30)=max(20; 450/3=15)=20 mm;

e=

hc
450
+ ec a=
+3712.04435=562.044 mm
2
2

As=

N Ed ehc x f cd (d0.5 x)
f yd (da)

As=

424971 562.044450 35.5 26.6 (4150.5 35.5)

=614.45 mm
300( 41535)

dL=

As
614.45
=
=15.72mm d L =16 mm

A sr = d 2L= 16 2=804.2477 mm2 2 16,2 18,

M Rd =N Ed

dx
41552.11
+ A sr f yd ( da )=424971
+804.2477 300 ( 41535 )=171232.24 daNm
2
2

Verification at oblique eccentric compression

M Edx
1
M Rdx

( )

N Ed
=0.94 a=1.5
N Rd

14961.14
17232.24

1.5

=0.79 1

7.6.7 Column from level 5

M

ik
Ed , i

=M

jk
max, i

j
M i
Rb
Rd i j (daNm)
M Eb

M ik
Ed , i =8543.45( daNm)

x=

N Ed 216316.6
=
=18.07 mm
hc f cd 450 26.6

M Ed
8543.45 103
ec=
+e =
+ 20=414.951(mm)
N Ed a
21631.66
e a = max(20; hc/30)=max(20; 450/3=15)=20 mm;

e=

hc
450
+ e a=
+ 414.95135=604.951 mm
2 c
2

As=

N Ed ehc x f cd (d0.5 x)
f yd (da)

As=

216316.6 604.951450 18.07 26.6 ( 4150.5 18.07)

=477.635 mm
300( 41535)

d L=

As
477.35
=
=14.72 mm d L=16 mm

A sr = d 2L= 16 2=804.2477 mm2 4 16

M Rd =N Ed

dx
41518.07
+ A sr f yd ( da )=216316.6
+804.2477 300 ( 41535 )=13461.55 daNm
2
2

Verification at oblique eccentric compression

M Edx a
1
M Rdx

( )
a=1.5

8543.45
13461.55

1.5

=0.5 1

7.7 Shear force

max
Ed

ki
M ik
Rd + M Rd
= Rd
Hhw

H= 3,2m

Marginal column debasement:

ik
ki
M Rd + M Rd
25451.25 2
max
V Ed = Rd
=1.2
=22212 daN
Hhw
3.20.45

Marginal column ground floor:

ik
ki
M Rd + M Rd
22381.061 2
max
V Ed = Rd
=1.3
=21160.275 daN
Hhw
3.20.45

Marginal column level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

max
Ed

ki
M ik
15958.784 2
Rd + M Rd
= Rd
=1.3
=15088.304 ( KN )
Hhw
3.20.45

7.7.1 Transversal reinforcement design

V Rd ,max = cw b c z v 1

f cd
ctg=2.5
ctg+tg

cw=1 -coefficient that takes into account the efforts from the compressed fibre;
z=0,9d
v 1=0,6
max ( c tg1 ; c tg 2 ) 1
If the condition is not satisfied the cross section must be modified;
ctg 2,5 (if the value is bigger than ctg =2.5 )
V Rd ,s =

A sw
z f ywd ctg V Ed ( kN ) d bw ( 8,10)mm
s

d2bw
A sw =nr
4
s=100mm
nr =4
f ywd =0.8 f ywk =0.8255=204 N /mm2 OB37
pe =

A sw
p
sh c e min

pe min=0,005 for the base level ;

pe min=0,0035

Debasement column
f cd
cw b c z v 1
=V Ed ctg2.5
ctg+tg

V Rd ,max = cw b c z v 1

f cd
26.6 105
=1 0.35 0.9 0.415 0.6
=71943.82 daN >22212 daN ctg =2.5
ctg+tg
2.5+0.4

V Rd ,s =

A sw
z f ywd ctg
s

71943.82=

A sw
A
z f ywd ctg= sw 0.9 415 20.4 2.5 A sw =377 mm 2
s
100

d2bw
4 A sw
4 377
A sw =nr
d bw =
=
=9 .96 mm d bw =10 mm
4
4
4

Ground floor level

f cd
cw b c z v 1
=V Ed ctg2.5
ctg+tg

V Rd ,max = cw b c z v 1

V Rd ,s =

5
f cd
26.6 10
=1 0.35 0.9 0.415 0.6
=71943.82 daN >21160.275 daN ctg=2
ctg+tg
2.5+0.4

A sw
z f ywd ctg
s

71943.82=

A sw
A
z f ywd ctg= sw 0.9 415 20.4 2.5 A sw =377 mm 2
s
100

d2bw
4 A sw
4 377
A sw =nr
d bw =
=
=10.96 mm d bw =10 mm
4
4
4

Column from level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

f cd
cw b c z v 1
=V Ed ctg2.5
ctg+tg

V Rd ,max = cw b c z v 1

V Rd ,s =

f cd
26.6 105
=1 0.35 0.9 0.415 0.6
=71943.82 daN >15088.304 daN ctg=2
ctg+tg
2.5+0.4

A sw
z f ywd ctg
s

71943.82=

A sw
A
z f ywd ctg= sw 0.9 415 20.4 2.5 A sw =377 mm 2
s
100

d2bw
4 A sw
4 377
A sw =nr
d bw =
=
=10.96 mm d bw =10 mm
4
4
4