Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
I. INTRODUCTION
1. The City of Los Angeles, acting by and through the Los Angeles Department of Water
and Power (LADWP) files this complaint and petitions this court for writ of mandate to
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Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) to the San Diego Union-
Tribune, LLC (Requestor), pursuant to a California Public Records Act (CPRA), Gov.
Code 6250 et seq., request. MWD intends to release the names and home addresses of
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LADWP customers that participated in MWD's Turf Removal Rebate Program (Turf
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ofLADWP's customers were told that they had waived their constitutional right to
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privacy by accepting this government-funded rebate money to help conserve water. Not
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only that, but LADWP customers were not given notice that their information might be
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disclosed, and did not consent to this disclosure. The LADWP brings this "Reverse-
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CPRA" action pursuant to Marken v. Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School Dist. (2012)
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II. PARTIES
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2. Petitioner is and was, at all relevant times, a municipal utility that purchases water from
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customers participated in Respondent's water conservation programs, including the Turf
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Program, which paid money to Petitioner's customers to replace lawn with artificial
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288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
3. Respondent is and was, at all relevant times, a regional water wholesaler that delivers
water to twenty-six cities and water agencies serving nineteen million people in six
4. Requestor is and was, at all relevant times, a media company that submitted a CPRA
request to Respondent for information, including names and addresses, of all individuals
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III.
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5. Jurisdiction and venue are proper in this court because this action arises under
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California state law, Respondent resides in the County of Los Angeles, and
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6. MWD funded, created, and operated its Turf Program in part as a response to Governor
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Jerry Brown's April 1, 2014 executive order that California is in a drought and 50
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million square feet of lawn and ornamental turf must be replaced with drought tolerant
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landscapes. (Ex. A.) The Tur.fProgram was the largest of its kind in the nation, and has
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been so successful that MWD has stated it had achieved its program goal of stimulating
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interest in turf removal to the point that government incentives were no longer
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necessary for the long term. (Ex. B.) The program totaled $450 million in funds, will
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remove over 150 million square feet of turf in Southern California, and will save 80,000
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r288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
acre-feet of water per year. That is equal to the amount of water used by 160,000
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households in one year. (Id.) All funds were exhausted on July 8, 2015. (Id.)
7. City of Los Angeles residents alone reached half of Governor Jerry Brown's statewide
turf replacement goal. With only 10% of the state's population, Los Angeles residents
will successfully remove almost 25 million square feet of turf by the end ofsummer.
(Ex. C.) Approximately 7,800+ Los Angeles residents participated in the Turf Program,
with the assistance of an estimated 60 private landscaping companies that were able to
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directly receive the rebate for their work. (Decl. of David Wright, p. 2; Ex. C.)
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Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that approximately 20% of
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Wright, p. 2.)
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8. Respondent was created by an Act of the California Legislature in 1928 to build and
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operate the Colorado River Aqueduct, and is the largest wholesale water agency in the
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a cooperative of twenty-six member agencies including cities and water agencies that
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purchase varying amounts of water each year that will eventually sold to a normal
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person, or retail customer. (Id.) All retail customers belonging to one of Respondent's
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twenty-six member agencies were eligible for the Turf Program. (Id.) Each member
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agency had a contract with MWD that governed the ability of that member agency's
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customers to participate in the Turf Program. (Decl. of David Wright, p. 2.) Petitioner
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and Respondent's contract regarding the Turf Program stated that Petitioner's
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_1288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
9. Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that Respondent's Turf
Program issued rebates on a first-come, first-served basis until funding was exhausted.
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(Ex. E.) Rebates were capped to a maximum amount for some addresses and some
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applicants, later in the Turf Program. and $6,000 per residential address. (Ex. F.)
Respondent reserved the right to verify and inspect the removal of turf grass, and
required recipients to adhere to their water agency's rebate terms and conditions, as well
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as their local and city landscape ordinances. (Ex. E.) Applicants were able to submit the
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application online, and were required to provide proof they were customers of a member
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agency with a utility bill. (<http://www.mwdh20.com/>; Ex. F.) Rebates were mailed
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10. Petitioner is informed and believes~ and thereon alleges, that only some applicants were
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to make a five-year commitment for the turf to be removed, because not all application
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materials required the five-year commitment. (Decl. of David Wright, p. 3; Ex. G.)
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Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that online applicants were not
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~ommitment,
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application received notice that a five-year commitment was required. (Id.) Further,
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Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that early applicants may have
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been required to make a five-year commitment, but later applicants were not required to
make a five:..year commitment. (Id.) No applicant was asked to make the installation
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permanent to the property or alter their utility bills in any way. (Ex. E, F, and G.)
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_1288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
11. Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that nowhere in
Respondent's Turf Program materials, application, fact sheet, or web site did
Respondent indicate that the applicant's name and address would be released to
the public. Respondent did not give any notice or obtain consent from any
12. Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that on or a~ound May 19,
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2015, MWD received a CPRA request regarding its Turf Program from Morgan Cook, a
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reporter for Requestor (Ex. H.) Requestor asked for electronic records regardin'g the
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Turf Program, including at least fifteen data fields such as the name of the recipient;
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date of award; street address of recipient; city of recipient;, zip code of recipient; county
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removal project approved for incentive (square footage to be removed, etc.). (Id.)
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13. Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that Respondent did not
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provide any notice to Turf Program applicants that their information would be disclosed
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G.) Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that Respondent did not
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provide any notice to Turf Program rebate recipients that as a result of participation in
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VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
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to a third party, or that their information would be disclosed to a newspaper for potential
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14. Petitioner inadvertently became aware of this CPRA request on or about June 2, 2015.
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(Decl. of David Wright, p. 4.) Respondent informed Petitioner of the request. (Id.)
Petitioner determined that the names and addresses of its customers are confidential in
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combination with rebate amounts, and did not disclose its customer names and address
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15. Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that on or around June 29,
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2015, MWD provided approximately sixteen data fields to Requestor. (Ex. I.) Petitioner
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is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that MWD redacted all of the data with
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the names of the applicant (as opposed to recipient of the rebate). (Id.) Petitioner is
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informed and believes, and thereon alleges that MWD disclosed street addresses at the
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general city block number level. (Id.) Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon
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alleges, that MWD also redacted the names of recipients (as opposed to applicant) from
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Terminators, was paid directly. (Id.) Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon
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alleges, that the names of third-party contractors and their full contact information was
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disclosed. (Id.)
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16. Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that on or about July 7, 2015,
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Requestor responded that the records provided on or about June 29,2015 were
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insufficient. (Ex. J.) Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that
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I 288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
Requestor reiterated its request for installation street addresses numbers; first and last ,.
names of all applicants; and first and last names of all recipients of the award. (Id.)
17. Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that on or around July 14, 2015,
Petitioner met with Respondent and objected to the disclosure of its customer's name
and address, and cited various federal and state laws to support its claim of customer
privacy. (Decl. of David Wright, p. 4.) MWD disagreed with LADWP's understanding
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18. On July 29, 2015, Respondent informed Petitioner that it intended to release all
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19. The California Constitution gives each citizen an "inalienable right" to pursue and
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obtain privacy in article I, 1: "All people are by nature free and independent and have
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inalienable rights. Among these are enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, .
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possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining safety, happiness, and
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20. Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that Respondent has an
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obligation to comply with the California Constitution and protect all persons from
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disclosure of information that would invade their privacy or compromise their personal
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addresses violates these laws because Respondent did not provide any notice to
Petitioner's customers regarding the potential or intended disclosure of their information
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at the time of application to the program. Petitioner's customers may never have
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VI 288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
participated in the Turf Program if they had known their names and addresses could be
published in a newspaper.
21. Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that Respon'dent also failed to
provide notice to Petitioner's customers after their applications were accepted to the
Turf Program. Respondent should have provided notice to all participants regarding
their determination that their program and rebate information is not protected from
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disclosure, including details about how much rebate money they were given, how much
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square footage was replaced, and which third-party contractor that they may have hired.
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22. Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that Respondent also failed to
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obtain consent from Petitioner's customers regarding the release of their information to
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this specific CPRA request, or give them an opportunity to object to the release of their
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information.
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23. Furthermore, Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that Respondent
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failed to provide Petitioner any advance notice that Petitioner's customers' information
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turf replacement programs offered by Respondent and Petitioner. Petitioner basically
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had a contractual relationship with Respondent in regards to the execution of the Turf
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information and Respondent owes Petitioner's Customers the same duty in this instance.
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24. Allowing Respondent's disclosure of this information would deny Petitioner and
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information and may cause Petitioner's customers to suffer irreparable harm and
25. Petitioner has performed all conditions precedent to the filing of this petition by
objecting to Respondent and demanding that the names and addresses of its customers
remain redacted.
26. At all times mentioned, Respondent has been able to exercise the discretion to withhold
these records. Notwithstanding such ability, and despite Petitioner's demand for
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Respondent to withhold the records, Respondent continues to fail and refuse to redact
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27. Petitioner has no plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law,
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other than the relief sought in this petition, because pursuant to the CPRA, no other
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release of the names and addresses would render any subsequent judicial,
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v.
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28. Petitioner re-alleges and incorporates by this reference all of the allegations in
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paragraphs 1 through 27
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inclus~ve,
29. The CPRA was enacted in 1968 to promote government accountability, but expressly
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recognized that every individual's right to privacy: "In enacting this chapter, the
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Legislature, mindful of the right of individuals to privacy, finds and declares that access
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288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
necessary right of every person in this state." (Gov. Code 6250.) Therefore, the CPRA
may permit access to by any member of the public to public records created by public
employees, but it does not allow for the public to access records pertaining to private
individuals.
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disclose the names'and addresses of private individuals. (Ex. K.) Requestor is not
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operating, or granting funds under the Turf Program. These are not public records
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because the names and addresses of private customers to a public utility have nothing to
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31. On July 18, 1989, actress Rebecca Schaeffer was murdered in front of her West,
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Hollywood apartment by a man who had been stalking her for three years, as reported
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by the Los Angeles Times in over seventeen published articles. (Ex. L.) After
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her, the murderer obtained her home address by paying $250 to a detective agency in
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Tucson. (ld.) The murderer represented himself as an old friend that wanted to get back
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in touch with her. (Id.) The detective agent simply went to the California Department of
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Motor Vehicles, filled out a form, paid approximately $1, and was given Ms.
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Schaeffer's home address. (ld.; Ex. M; Senator Sher, Sen. Judiciary Committee,
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32. The Request does not fit any of the exceptions in Government Code 6254.16, which
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,f! 288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR'WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require the disclosure of the name~
credit history~ utility usage data~ home address~ or telephone number of utility
customers of local agencies~ except that disclosure of name~ utility usage data~
and the home address of utility customers of local agencies shall be made
available upon request as follows:
(a) To an agent or authorized family member of the person to whom the
information pertains.
(b) To an officer or employee of another governmental agency when necessary
for the performance of its official duties.
(c) Upon court order or the request of a law enforcement agency relative to an
ongoing investigation.
(d) Upon determination by the local agency that the utility customer who is the
subject of the request has used utility services in a manner inconsistent with
applicable local utility usage policies.
(e) Upon determination by the local agency that the utility customer who is the
subject of the request is an elected or appointed official with authority to
determine the utility usage policies of the local agency~ provided that the home
,address of an appointed official shall not be disclosed without his or her consent.
(t) Upon determination by the local agency that the public interest in disclosure
of the information clearly outweighs the public interest in nondisclosure."
(Emphasis added.) (Gov. Code 6254.16.)
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alleges~
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obligation to comply with the CPRA by withholding the names and address of
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'6254.16 and protect municipal utility customers from disclosure of information that
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would invade their privacy or compromise their personal safety.
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34. Petitioner is informed and believes, and thereon alleges, that Respondent~s intended
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Government Code
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35. The CPRA expressly exempts residence addresses from disclosure in numerous
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instances, as follows:
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iJ 288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
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36. Petitioner is entitled to mandamus and to file this "Reverse CPRA" action pursuant to
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Marken v. Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School Dist. (2012) 202 Cal.App.4th 1250, in
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order to compel Respondent to comply with the CPRA and protect the confidentiality of
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Petitioner's customers' names and addresses.
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37. Petitioner seeks a declaration from this court pursuant to Government Code 6258 that
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it is unlawful for Respondent to disclose the name and address of Petitioner's customers
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to Requestor.
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38. Petitioner has performed all conditions precedent to the filing of this petition by
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objecting to Respondent and demanding that the names and addresses of its customers
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remain redacted.
39. At all times mentioned, Respondent has been able to exercise the discretion to withhold
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, these records. Notwithstanding such" ability, and despite Petitioner's demand for
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r 288489
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VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
Respondent to withhold the records, Respondent continues to fail and refuse to redact
40. Petitioner has no plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law,
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other than the relief sought in this petition, because pursuant to the CPRA, no other
release of the names and addresses would render any subsequent judicial,
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1. That the court issue a preemptory writ in the first instance commanding respondent to
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comply with the California Constitution and the CPRA and protect the confidentiality of
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2. That the court, alternatively, first issue an alternative writ commanding respondent to
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comply with the California Constitution and the CPRA and protect the confidentiality of
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Petitioner's customers' names and addresses; or, in the alternative, show cause why it
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should not do so, and thereafter issue a peremptory writ commanding respondent to
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comply with the California Constitution and the CPRA and protect the confidentiality of
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3. For such other and further relief as the Court deems just and proper.
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I) 1 288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
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jJ.,
TINA SHIM
Deputy City Attorney
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288489
VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
VERIFICATION
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA
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)
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)ss.
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I, the undersigned, say: I am the Interim Chief Administrative Officer of Plaintiff CITY OF
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LOS ANGELES for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power in the above entitled action; I
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have read the foregoing VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDATE
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FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF and know the contents thereof; and that the
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same is true of my own knowledge, except as to the matters which are therein stated upon my
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I, declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
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288383
DQ~INAL
~TIORNEY
FILED
213 367-2372
FAX NO. 213 367-4588
ATIORNEY FOR (Name): Plaintiff City of Los Ai:lgeles
SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA, COUNTY OF Los Angeles
STREET ADDRESS: 111 N. Hill Street
TELEPHONE NO.:
JUL 30 1015
MAILING ADDRESS:
BRANCH
N."~
CASE NAME:
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Cit)' of Los Angeles, acting by and through the LOs
' Deputy
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By'
CASE NUMBER:
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JUDGE:
demanded
exceeds $25,000)
demanded is
Filed with first appearance by defendant
DEPT:
$25,000 or less)
(Cal. Rules' of Court, rule 3.402)
Items 1-6 below must be completed (see instructions on page 2).
1. Check one box below for the case type that best describes this case:
Auto Tort
Contract
Provisionally Complex Civil Litigation
(Cal. Rules of Court, rules 3.400-3.403)
Auto (22)
Breach of contract/warranty (06)
D
AntitrustlTrade regulation (03)
Uninsured motorist (46)
Rule 3.740 collections (09)
o
o
Asbestos (04)
Product liability (24)
Medical malpractice (45)
Other PIIPDIWD (23)
Non.PI/PDIWD (Other) Tort
o
oo
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
D
D
IZl
Enforcement of Judgment
RICO(27)
0
D
D
D
2.
D
D
D
D
D
Drugs (38)
Judicial Review
Asset forfeiture (05)
Petition re: arbitration award (11)
~ Writ of mandate (02)
Other judicial review' (39)
This case
is
is not
complex under rule 3.400 of the California Rules of Court. If the case is complex, mark the
factors requiring exceptional jUdicial management:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e. D
f.
3.
4.
c. Dpunitive
1Zl
5. This case D is
is not a class action suit.
'6. (!~ there are any known related cases, file and serve a notice of related case.
Date!
'TINA SHIM
(TYPE OR PRINT NAME)
i).'
NOTICE
..Elaintiff must file this cover sheet with the first paper filed in the action or proceeding (except small claims cases or cases filed
(.under the Probate Code, Family Code, or Welfare and Institutions Code). (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 3.220.) Failure to file may result
jn sanctions.
.
- File this cover sheet in addition to any cover sheet required by local court rule.
-ilf;this case is complex under rule 3.400 et seq. of the California Rules of Court, you must serve copy of this cover sheet on all
.Qther parties to the action or proceeding .
'.Unless this is a collections case under rule 3.740 or a complex case, this cover sheet will be used for statistical purposes onlv,
.
Forni Adopted for Mandatory Use
Judicial Council of California
CM i 010 [Rev. JUly 1, 2007]
I"ae1012
SHORT TITLE:
f Souther.n
Cal,
YES
CLASS ACTION?
..:.H:.:=O""U""R""S:....'...::D:.:..A,-,-Y.:::S
Item II. Indicate the correct district and courthouse location (4 steps -If you checked "Limited Case", skip to Item III, Pg. 4):
Step 1: After first completing the Civil Case Cover Sheet form, find the main Civil Case Cover Sheet heading for your
case in the left margin below, and, to the right in Column A, the Civil Case Cover Sheet case type you selected.
Step 2: Check smt Superior Court type of action in Column B below which best describes the nature of this case.
Step 3: In Column C, circle the reason for the court location choice that applies to the type of action you have
checked. For any exception to the court location, see Local Rule 2.3.
Class actions must be filed in the Stanley Mosk Courthouse, central district.
May be filed in central (other county, or no bodily injury/property damage).
Location where cause of action arose.
Location where bodily injury, death or damage occurred.
Location where performance required or defendant resides.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Step 4: Fill in the information requested on page 4 in Item III; complete Item IV. Sign the declaration.
Auto (22)
1.,2.,4.
1., 2., 4.
2.
2.
1.,2.,3.,4.,8.
o
o
1.,4.
1.,4.
Asbestos (04)
Other Personal
Injury Property
Damage Wrongful
Death (23)
o
o
1.,4.
~
1.,4.
1.,3.
1.,4.
Page 1 of4
SHORT TITLE:
.~
CASE NUMBER
of Southern Califor ia
"'
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B ..
,
Type of Action~r;'
(Check only. one)
C Applicable
.Reasons - See Step 3
Above
1.,3.
CDt-
1.,2.,3.
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Defamation (13)
1.,2.,3.
.ED)
e
Fraud (16)
1.,2.,3.
1.,.2.,3.
1.,2.,3.
Other (35)
2.,3.
1.,2.,3.
1.,2.,3.
10.
2.,5.
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2.,5.,6,11
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5,6,11
1.,2.,5.,8.
1.,2.,3.,5.
1.,2.,3.,5.
1.,2.,3.,8.
Eminent Domain/Inverse
Condemnation (14)
2.,6.
2.,6.
2.,6.
2.,6.
Unlawful Detainer-Commercial
(31)
2.,6.
Unlawful Detainer-Residential
132\
2.,6.
2.,6.
2.,6.
Collections (09)
~
CD
2.,5.
Number of parcels___
2.
c.
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SHORT TITLE:
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CASE NUMBER
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SHORT TITLE:
'
CASE NUMBER
Item III. Statement of Location: Enter the address of the accident, party's residence or place of business, performance, or other
circumstance indicated in Item II., Step 3. on Page 1, as the proper reason for filing in the court location you selected.
ADDRESS:
p 1. 0 2. 0 3. 04.05.06.07.
08.0 9.010.011.
STATE:
CITY:
ZIP CODE:
Item IV. Declaration ofAssignment: I declare under penalty of pe~ury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing is true
and correct and that the above-entitled matter is properly filed for assignment to the Stanley Mask
Central
courthouse in the
District of the Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles [Code Civ. Proc., 392 et seq., and Local
Dated:
PLEASE HAVE THE FOLLOWING ITEMS COMPLETED AND READY TO BE FILED IN ORDER TO PROPERLY
COMMENCE YOUR NEW COURT CASE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Civil Case Cover Sheet Addendum and Statement of Location form, LACIV 109, LASC Approved 03-04 (Rev.
03/15).
5.
Payment in full of the filing fee, unless fees have been waived.
6.
A signed order appointing the Guardian ad Litem, Judicial Council form CIV-01 0, if the plaintiff or petitioner is a
minor under 18 years of age will be required by Court in order to issue a summons.
7. Additional copies of documents to be conformed by the Clerk. Copies of the cover sheet and this addendum
must be served along with the summons and complaint, or other initiating pleading in the case.
(::)
Approved 03-04