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Background: Pollution in India, particularly the cities of India, is one of the most critical problems
facing the public and concerned authorities and remains a major challenge and opportunity for
India. Environmental issues are one of the primary causes of disease, health issues and long term
livelihood impact for India. The deteriorating environment is the result of several factorspopulation pressure, haphazard growth, increase in economic activity and inability of civic
authorities to keep pace with the growing challenges. India has a long way to go to reach the
environmental quality standards similar to those enjoyed in developed economies. In India, despite
legislative and institutional framework and a pollution control statement, little has actually
changed on the pollution front which continues to worsen rapidly over time. According to a WHO
study last year 13 of the world's 20 most polluted cities were located in India
Air pollution: Air pollution in India is a serious issue with the major sources being fuel wood and
biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle emission and traffic congestion. Fuel wood, agro waste
and biomass cake burning releases over 165 million tons of combustion products into India's indoor
and outdoor air every year.
Delhi has the dubious distinction of having the most polluted air on earth. The World Health
Organization reports that the Indian capital records an average PM 2.5 reading of 153 micrograms
per cubic meter. That's nearly triple the level in Beijing and more than ten times the average in New
York City.
Such particulate matter as PM2.5, can be especially hazardous to human health because the
particles can seep into the lungs and other organs, causing respiratory diseases and other ailments.
Measures that India could take to reduce urban air pollution include improving energy efficiency,
reducing vehicular traffic by boosting public transportation and improving waste management
practices.
Water Pollution: Discharge of untreated sewage is the single most important factor for the surface
and ground water pollution in India. Sewage treatment capacity is currently much less than the
wastewater that is generated each day in cities and the existing capacity itself is not fully utilized
due to inadequacy of the sewerage system. Uncollected sewage accumulates in the urban areas
causing unhygienic conditions and contaminates surface and ground water.
According to a WHO study, out of 3119 towns and cities in India, only 209 have partial sewage
treatment facilities and just 8 have full treatment facilities. More than 100 cities dump untreated
sewage directly into holy Ganga!
Industrial development has been haphazard and unplanned in the cities and most small-scale
industries do not have wastewater treatment facilities.
Solid waste pollution: Trash and garbage is a common sight in urban and rural areas of India which
is a major source of pollution. Indian cities alone generate more than 100 million tons of solid waste
a year. Public places and sidewalks are despoiled by filth and litter, rivers and canals act as garbage
dumps. In part, India's garbage crisis arises from rising consumption. India's waste problem also
points to issues of governance.
Some of the few waste land filling sites that India has near major cities are overflowing and poorly
managed. They have become significant sources of green house gases and breeding sites for disease
vectors such as flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats and other pests.
Noise Abatement: Supreme Court of India gave a significant verdict on noise pollution in
2005.Unnecessary honking of vehicles makes for a high decibel level of noise in cities. The use of
loudspeakers for political purposes and for sermons by temples and mosques makes noise pollution
in residential areas worse. In January 2010, Government of India published norms of permissible
noise levels in urban and rural areas.
Vehicular Pollution: It is estimated that vehicular pollution accounts for about two-third of the air
pollution in Delhi. The vehicular traffic is mainly responsible for high levels of sulphur dioxide and
Suspended Particulate Matter.
Slum Sanitation and Open Defecation : Of the 93 million slum residents in India, 81 per cent have
inadequate access to sanitation, according to a 2008-09 National Sample Survey Organization
(NSSO) survey. They are forced to depend on badly maintained and overcrowded toilet blocks and
15 per cent have no form of toilet at all. Open spaces are thus the only option.
A huge potential exists in cleaning up this mess. The seemingly daunting task is to make the slum
dweller, the government and all other stakeholders involved act more urgently towards this by
policy cohesion, effective communication and project implementation.
: 31 July, 2015
: 7 August, 2015
: 7 September, 2015
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Dr Ravindra Aggarwal, Directorate of Health Services (DHS), Ministry of
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Dr N K Tyagi, FINAE, FNAAS, FISAE, Former Member ASRB
Prof. Jugal Kishore, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi
Dr Kamal Kishore, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, All India
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Ms Amanjot Kaur, JNU, New Delhi
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Shri J K Tyagi, Former Director, MCIT, Govt of India
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Dr. Kamal Kishore, Professor, Department of Pharmacology
Chairman
All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi,
Prof. Jugal Kishore, Head of Community Medicine Deptt. Vardhman
Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi Co-Chairman
Shri S D Singh, Adviser, IDC Foundation
Dr Ashoo Grover, Scientist, ICMR, New Delhi
Dr. Mohd. Muazzam, Former, Deputy Secretary, MoEF, Govt of India
Dr. O P Rajoura, Associate Professor, UCMS, Shahdara,
Convener
Dr Monika, MAMC, New Delhi