Waste Management

Louricha A. Opina-Tan, MD
Department of Community and Family Medicine

Describe the global burden of solid waste

Define municipal solid waste and its
components
Discuss the Integrated Waste Management as
a framework for solid waste management
Describe RA 9003: Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act
Discuss factors that facilitate a SWM Program
based on an example of local best practice

Objectives

Solid substances generated as a result of

human activities, and being no longer of
value for the respective economic,
physiological or technological process are
removed from it

Waste

A type of waste, typically originating from

plant or animal sources, which may be
degraded by other living organisms
Green waste, food waste, paper waste,
etc

Biodegradable Waste

Waste that cannot be broken down by

other living organisms
Metals, rubber, plastics, etc.

Non biodegradable

In 2012, world cities generate about 1.3B

tons of solid waste per year and expected
to 2.2B tons by 2025.

Global Burden

Source of methane
Air pollution

Foul odor and unsightliness

Flooding

Attraction of rodents and vectors

Workers who handle wastes are infected
Citys largest budgetary item

Impact of Solid Waste

Heterogenous collection of wastes

produced in urban areas
A function of the living standard and
lifestyle, as well the abundance and type
of natural resources
2 types: organic and inorganic

Municipal Solid Waste

Framework for Management of

Solid Waste

Setting policies
Developing and enforcing regulations
Planning and evaluating activities
Using waste characterization studies to
adjust systems
Physically handling waste and recoverable
materials, including separation, collection,
composting, incineration and landfilling

Elements of
Waste Management System

Marketing recovered materials

Establishing training programs
Carrying out public information and education
programs
Identifying financial mechanisms and cost
recovery systems
Establishing prices for services and creating
incentives
Managing public sector administrative and
operations unit
Incorporating private sector businesses

Elements of
Waste Management System

For designing and implementing waste

management systems
All aspects of a waste management
system should be analyzed together
(technical and non-technical)

Integrated Waste Management

Prevent the production of waste, or

reduce the amount generated
Reduce the toxicity or negative impacts of
the waste that is generated
Reuse in their current forms the materials
recovered from the waste stream
Recycle, compost, or recover materials for
use as direct or indirect inputs to new
products

Solid Waste Management

Hierarchy

Recover energy by incineration, anaerobic

digestion, or similar processes
Reduce the volume of waste prior to
disposal
Dispose of residual solid waste in
environmentally sound manner, generally
in landfills

Solid Waste Management

Hierarchy

Local
Informal residents
businesses
settlers

Communitybased
organizations

Public health
department

Waste
management

NGO

Natural
resource
management
agencies

Informal
sectors

Private
sector

Public works
department

Municipal
government

National
ministries

Stakeholders for an Integrated Waste

Management System

Understanding the characteristics of waste

generated
Improving management capabilities
Public involvement
Handling of special wastes
Handling of medical wastes

Issues and Strategies Related to

Integrated Solid Waste
Management

Types of solid waste that require special

handling, treatment, and/or disposal.
Their characteristics and quantities which
may render them difficult to manage
Their presence will pose significant danger
to the health and safety of workers and/or
public, to the environment or both

Special Wastes

Infectious wastes from hospitals, clinics,

laboratories
Hazardous wastes in the household waste
stream (oil-based paints, paint thinners,
wood preservatives, pesticides, household
cleaners, batteries)
Discarded tires
Used oils

Special Wastes

Electronic waste
Wet batteries
Construction and demolition debris
Municipal wastewater treatment (sewage)
sludge, septage, and slaughterhouse
Industrial hazardous waste (metal
cuttings form metal processors or cannery
waste)

Special Wastes

Source separation within the health care

facility
Take-back systems
Tight inventory control over medications
Piggy-back systems
Treatment of infectious wastes
Proper disposal of hospital wastes

Management of Medical Waste

Waste Management in the

Philippines

Ecological Solid Waste Management of 2000

(RA 9003)

Provides the legal framework for the

countrys systematic, comprehensive and
ecological solid waste management
program that shall ensure protection of
public health and the environment

It underscore the need to create the

necessary institutional mechanisms and
incentives, and penalties for violation of
its provisions.

Waste characterization and segregation

Source Reduction
Collection and transport of solid waste
Recycling program
Composting

Comprehensive Solid Waste

Management

Creation of a National Waste Management

Commission (NSWMC) , National Ecology
Center (NEC) and the Solid Waste
Management Board in every province, city
and municipality.

Implementing Rules and

Regulations

NSWMC formulation of framework and

policies, overseeing the implementation,
management of funds

NEC consulting, information, training

and networking service

SWMB development of their respective

solid waste management plans

Implementing Rules and

Regulations

Mandatory segregation of solid waste at

the source
Systematic collection and transport of
wastes and the proper protection of the
health of garbage collectors
Establishment of reclamation programs
and buy-back centers for recyclable and
toxic materials

Implementing Rules and

Regulations

Eco-labeling in local products and services

Prohibition of non-environmentally acceptable
products and packaging
Materials Recovery Facility in every
barangay*
Prohibition of open dumps
Guidelines for controlled dumps and landfills
Rewards and incentives
Research on solid waste management and
environmental educaton

Implementing Rules and

Regulations

Waste characterization and segregation

Compostable, non-recyclable, recyclable,
special

Source Reduction
Reduce a sufficient amount of solid waste
disposed

Collection and transport of solid waste

100% collection efficiency within 24 hours form
all sources

Comprehensive Solid Waste

Management

Recycling program
inventory of market for recyclable materials

Composting
Inventory of marker

MRF
Receive, sort, process and store compostable
and recyclable materials efficiently. Residual
waste will be transferred for long-term storage
or disposal facility

Comprehensive Solid Waste

Management

An Example of Best Practice

Community- Academe Partnership

What were the reasons for this

programs success ?

Knowing is not enough, we must apply

Willing is not enough, we must do.
-Goethe

Maraming salamat po!