CAMBA, Andrea Melisa R.

EDUC 3 : Definition of Terms

Grade 7
1st Quarter: Geographical and Cultural Background

Vocal Music - any of the genres for solo voice and voices in combination,
with or without instrumental accompaniment
Performance Practice
Folk Songs - a song originating among the people of a country or area,
passed by oral tradition from one singer or generation to the next
Liturgical and Devotional Songs - originated as a part of religious
ceremony, and includes a number of traditions, both ancient and modern
o Mass - liturgy of the Eucharist, the central service of the Roman
Catholic Church; a form of sacred musical composition that sets
invariable portions of the Eucharistic liturgy
o Pastores - Christmas season folk dances and songs practiced in many
parts of Samar. The pastores (shepherds) recounts the story of the
shepherds who visited the child Jesus in the manger through song and
dance.
o Senakulo - is a Lenten play that depicts events from the Old and New
Testaments related to the life, sufferings, and death of Christ
o Pasyon - a verse narrative about the life and suffering of Jesus Christ.
The verses are structured in five-line stanzas, with each line containing
eight syllables
o Salubong - an Easter Sunday pre-dawn ritual that reenacts the Risen
Christ's meeting with His mother
o Flores de Mayo - is a Catholic and Aglipayan festival held in the
Philippines in the month of May. It is one of the May devotions to the
Blessed Virgin Mary and lasts for the entire month.
o Santacruzan - a popular religious festival held in many towns and
cities throughout the Philippines as the highlight of the month-long
celebration of Flores de Mayo during the month of May. It is usually
celebrated with a parade of decorated floats and elaborately dressed
characters, representing various aspects of the Virgin Mary and other
figures.
Secular Songs - Those compositions that are not sacred; compositions that
do not have any connection with religion
o Harana - an old Filipino courtship tradition of serenading women
o Balitaw - a song that is usually a topical debate genre performed between a male and
female, the original form believed to be derived from pre-Hispanic courtship genres mentioned
above

Kumintang - dance-songs performed by pairs of men and women,

with texts concerning love and courtship. All accounts mention a glass
of coconut wine passed from hand to hand by the dancers as they sing.
o Polka a lively ballroom dance in duple meter
Art Music
o Kundiman - a Philippine traditional song form which expresses
feelings of romantic love or intense longing and devotion. The name is
probably derived from the phrase kung hindi man (if it should not be
so), which was used in the early examples of this type of song
Instrumental Music
o Rondalla - an ensemble of plectrum instruments, stringed instruments
played with a plectrum or pick. It originated in Spain, but became one
of the traditional forms of Philippine folk music after its introduction to
the islands in the 19th century. Philippine rondalla instruments are
made of nativePhilippine wood and played with a tortoise-shell
plectrum
o Brass Band - musical ensemble generally consisting entirely of brass
instruments, most often with a percussion section. Ensembles that
include brass and woodwind instruments can in certain traditions also
be termed brass bands, but may more correctly termed military bands,
concert bands, or 'brass and reed' bands
o Musikong Bumbong - improvised bamboo symphonic band
o Bamboo organ - church organ with unique organ pipes; they are
made almost entirely of bamboo
o Angklung - a musical instrument made of two to four bamboo tubes
attached to a bamboo frame. The tubes are carved to have a resonant
pitch when struck and are tuned to octaves. The base of the frame is
held in one hand, whilst the other hand strikes the instrument.
o Himig Pangkat Kawayan - an orchestra that plays music using
nontraditional bamboo instruments
o

2nd Quarter: Music of Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan and the Visayas

Cordillera Background: Geographical, Cultural, Historical

Vocal
o Salidumay - Among the Itneg people, salidumay is the response song
of young women to the kalkalimusta songs of men during the weaving
season. The salidumay are sweet melodies and expressions of
gratitude. Serving as indicators of acceptance or rejection, the songs
play an important role in the lives of young people of courtship age.
o Oggayam - in Kalinga and Ilocano culture, Oggayam is a song to
celebrate certain occasions. It also serves to give advice to to its
listeners.
o Ba-diw - a ceremonial song for dead, is sung in a leader-chorus style
Instrumental: Mindoro and Palawan

Vocal Chants
o Ambahan the traditional poetry of the Hanunoo-Mangyans of
Oriental Mindoro which is normally inscribed on bamboo using a preColonial syllabic writing system called the Surat Mangyan
o Igway
Solo Instruments: Visayas
Vocal Music
o Balitaw
o Pastores
o Kanta
Folksong
Ballad
Lullaby
Courtship
o Composo illongo narrative song
Instrumental Music
o Rondalla
o Tultogan - is the Hiligaynon and Kiniray-a word for the indigenous
bamboo drum. It is the emerging festival of the province and the
region
o Harp - A plucked stringed instrument of ancient origin
o Bird Dance Binanog (Panay Bukdinon) - Binanog dance popularly
known as Dinagmay or the courtship dance is associated with a
particular event and is performed on special festive occasion. The
celebration dance locally known as Inagong sayaw-sayaw is
accompanied with its traditional musical instrument, the gong that
continues to cast its magical spell on spectators who are always awe
struck with the brilliant performances of the local dancers

3rd Quarter: Mindanao

Islamic Music

Vocal Music
o Chants - mode of prayer, chant connects believers to the power of the
divine.
o Lullaby songs to put children to sleep with 'traditional' lyrics which is
very specific to Islamic mysticism
Instrumental Music
o Kulintangan ensemble - Kulintang is a musical tradition can be
found across the Southeast Asian Archipelago. The style of kulintang
we played is found in the Southern Philippines among the
Maguindanaoan people, in the province of Maguindanao, Mindanao.
There are five instruments in the complete Maguindanao kulintang
ensemble.
o Bamboo ensemble

Solo instruments

Non-Islamic Music: Zamboanga

o

Butuan Folk Songs

Buyayang buyayang
Buyayang buyayang
Buyayang sa tubig
Ako manakayan wa bay katigkatig
Di na mogaud
Tukon lang kanunay
Diin mikadahik
Sa bugan ni Nene.

Tausug Folk Songs - Kalangan or Tausug vocal music can be divided

into narrative and lyric songs, and further into the lugu and the
paggabang traditions. The luguh traditio-n denotes unaccompanied
religious songs, while the paggabang tradition applies to "more
mundane" songs that are accompanied by the gabbang and biyula
(Trimillos 1972).Narrative songs tell a story and include all the sung
kissa like the parang sabil. Lyric songs express ideas and feelings
and consist of the langan batabata (children's songs), the baat
(occupational songs), the baat caallaw and pangantin (funeral and
bridal songs, respectively), the tarasul (sung poems), the sindil (sung
verbal jousts), the liangkit (from langkit or "chained"), and the
sangbay or song to accompany the dalling-dalling dance.The
langan batabata are more specifically lulla-bies. They have a soft and
relaxing melody (Tuban 1977:210)

Christian
o

Lumad Music (Zamboanga) - Lumad, a Bisayan word for native or

indigenous, refers to non-Christian and non-Muslim indigenous
groups in Mindanao. In general, lumad music encompasses a wide
repertoire of sounds performed for various occasions, and makes use
of an extensive array of musical instruments, including the agong, the
most widely distributed brass instrument among the Mindanao lumad.

4th Quarter
Philippine Festivals

Aklan
o Ati-atihan - an annual feast held every third Sunday of January in
Kalibo, Aklan. Known as the "Mother of All Philippine Festivals", it is
considered to be one of the wildest and liveliest festivals in the country
Davao

Kadayawan - an annual festival in the city of Davao in the Philippines.

Its name derives from the friendly greeting "Madayaw", from the
Dabawenyo word "dayaw", meaning good, valuable, superior or
beautiful. The festival is a celebration of life, a thanksgiving for the
gifts of nature, the wealth of culture, the bounties of harvest and
serenity of living. It is held every third week of August
Marinduque
o Moriones - an annual festival held on Holy Week on the island of
Marinduque, Philippines. The "Moriones" are men and women in
costumes and masks replicating the garb of biblical Roman soldiers as
interpreted by local folks
Cebu
o Sinulog - a Philippine festival which honors the Sto. Nio. It takes
place in Cebu in January over a 9-day period, coming to a climax on
the 3rd Sunday of January. The main highlights of the festival include a
religious procession which takes place on the last Saturday, a high
Mass wherein the traditional Sinulog dance is performed and a large
street celebration on Sunday to culminate the fiesta
Bicol
o Ibalong - a non-religious festival in Legazpi City, Albay, Philippines
and is held in August. The festival celebrates the epic story Ibalong
who was accompanied by three legendary heroes, namely Baltog,
Handyong, Bantong and other ancient heroes
Batangas
o Sublian - a two week long celebration which culminates every year on
the 23rd of July, is rooted in the Batangueos devotion to the towns
patron: the Holy Cross in Bauan and Agoncillo, and the Sto. Nio in
Batangas City. the Sublian festival features not just devotional dancesong but street dancing indigenous Filipino games, Harana
(serenades), the Lupakan, Awitan at Sayawan: an event which
combines the sharing of Nilupak (local delicacy made of bananas and
sweet potato) with folk songs and dancesand even a Malunggayan
Fiesta, a day that celebrates the nutritional benefits of the malunggay
(moringa) plant.
o

Theatrical Forms

Komedya/ Moro moro/ Arakyo - colorful theatrical tradition in the

Philippines that describes the conflicts between the Muslims and the
Christians. It was used by the Spanish as a method to spread Christianity in
the country
Sarsuela - a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken
and sung scenes, the latter incorporating dances.

Bodabil - genre of variety entertainment is composed of song and dance

numbers, slapstick comedy routines, magic acts, and chorus girls -- an
indigenized version of the American vaudeville.