Incident Mitigation Management

Workshop
Mitigation Decisions Facility Design Strategy
Alan Lambeth, Spectra

Mitigation Decisions
Speed of Detecting and Data Interpretation
Valve Automation
Intermediate Valve Installation and Gas Evacuation
Reducing overall time from incident occurring
to responders entering the scene

Reco

Mitigation Decision Making

Public

Time, minutes

Rupture

911 Dispatcher

Recognize Hazard
2
Evacuate to
Safety

Close, Lock, Tag

Valves

ICS Unified
Command
Identify Rupture
Situational Awareness
Assessment
Order to Close
ICS Unified Command
Valves
Situational Awareness
Safety
Assessment
Safety
Planning
Planning
Reach Valves
Resources
Resources
Incident response
Incident response
Perimeter control
Access to site
Close, Lock, Tag
Perimeter
control
Rescue and mitigation
Valves
Access to site Communications
Rescue Evacuate
andGas
mitigation
Communications

Implement
ICS
20

Mobilize

Implement ICS

30

Secure Site
and
40
Evacuate

Secure Site and

Evacuate

50

60

90

Rescue and
Mitigate Damage

Evacuate Gas

120

Begin Root
Cause Analysis

Restore Service

Return When
Safe
Lessons Learned

Property - ER Mitigation

Reach Valves

10

Property - Peripheral Damage Expands

Call 911

911 Dispatcher

People - danger if Immobile - IMM review needed

Mobilize

Identify Rupture

Order to Close
Valves

People - Max Damage

Pipeline Emergency Response Flow Chart

Emergency Responders

Property - Max Damage Radius

What can be done to reduce

the time for each step?

Pipeline Company

Rescue
and
2 or more
days
Mitigate Damage

Evaluating Speed of Detection

911 Dispa

Detection Methods
Low pressure alarms
Rate of pressure drop alarms
Reach Valves
Volume-in = Volume-out (mass/flow balance)
Identify Rupture

Order to Close
Valves

Close, Lock, Tag

Valves

Challenges
Elaborate lateral systems
Pipeline loops and crossovers
Variable deliveries/receipts

ICS Unified Comma

Situational Awaren
Assessment
Safety
Planning
Resources
Incident response
Perimeter control
Access to site
Rescue and mitigat
Communications

Evacuate Gas

Begin Root
Cause Analysis

Restore Service

Lessons

Evaluating Speed of Detection

Detail section-by-section analysis of historical operating
data to develop and improve alarms
Crossovers closed -or- RCVd
Meters for volume balance
Add/utilize more pressure points
Acoustic monitor
Fiber-optic temperature monitor

What other methods and challenges to we have?

What should an industry IMM criteria look like?

Evaluating Speed of Detection

Recognizing that an alarm is an incident
Pinpointing where the incident has occurred
Identifying the best course of action
________________________________________________________________________________________

Knowing what an incident looks like and

how to respond, before it occurs
Developing a cookbook
to determine which
valve to close

Valve Automation - 3 Levels

Identify Rupture

Order to Close
Valves

Valve Actuator Helps to close valve more quickly

Reach Valves

Automatic Shut-in Low pressure, High P drop

Evacuate Gas

Remote Control Advantage of human input

Close, Lock, Tag

Valves

ICS Unified Com

Situational Aw
Assessment
Safety
Planning
Resources
Incident respo
Perimeter con
Access to site
Rescue and mi
Communicatio

Begin Root
Cause Analysis

Restore Service

Less

Valve Automation - Decision Tree

Where to
automate?

No

Class
4

Class
3

Yes

PIR
> 100
Yes

No

Yes

No

PIR
> 200

No

Yes

> 50%
HCA

No

Yes

What should an industry

IMM criteria look like?

Valve Automation Survey - 12 Companies

4513 valves >12 diameter bracketing Class 3, 4, HCAs

To meet a 1-hour response time:

506 manual valve - no need to automate
1153 actuator present - no need to automate
51 need actuator, but no automation
1586 need automation
1217 already automated

Valve Automation Design and Operation

Design reliability/redundancy
Operational availability and test frequency
Alarm and shut-in configuration
_______________________
Minimizing false alarms

Valve Automation Design and Operation

Automatic does
not mean
automatically
effective
(Will this
upstream valve
ever close?)

Automatic Shut-in
@ 350 psig

What should an industry IMM criteria look like?

Reach Valves

Assessment
Safety
Planning
Resources
Incident response
Perimeter control
Access to site
Rescue and mitigation
Communications

Secure Site an
Evacuate

Intermediate Valve Installation

Close, Lock, Tag
Valves

PIR damage is not the

only consideration
Minimize time before
emergency responders
can close-in to provide
assistance

Evacuate Gas

Rescue and
Mitigate Damag
Begin Root
Cause Analysis

Lessons Learned

Restore Service

Existing valve is 14 miles

from HCA
Existing Valve

HCA
New Valve?

14 miles

Existing Valve
1 mile

Intermediate Valve Installation

Valves are typically located to
meet Code valve spacing
Are valves in the right place for
optimal emergency response?

Valve site is 2 miles out in

the swamp - Only access is
down the river in a boat

Valve

Class 3

What should an industry IMM criteria look like?