APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES:

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMS

Rigid Frames

ARCH 631

composed of linear elements

member geometry fixed at joints

DR. ANNE NICHOLS

FALL 2013

no relative rotation

lecture

seven

statically indeterminate
see

rigid frames:
analysis & design
Rigid Frames 1
Lecture 7

Applied Architectural Structures

ARCH 631

shear
axial forces
bending moments
http:// nisee.berkeley.edu/godden

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Rigid Frames 2
Lecture 7

Rigid Frames

Rigid Frames

rigidity
end
constraints
smaller
horizontal
members
larger
vertical
members

behavior

Rigid Frames 3
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Rigid Frames 4
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Architectural Structures III

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Rigid Frames

Rigid Frames
resists lateral
loadings
shape depends on
stiffness of beams
and columns
90 maintained

moments get redistributed

deflections are smaller
effective column lengths are shorter

Rigid Frames 5
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

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Rigid Frame Analysis

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need support reactions

free body diagram each member
end reactions are equal and opposite on
next member
turn member
like beam
draw V & M

shear
axial force
bending

V & M diagrams
plot on outside

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

Rigid Frame Analysis

members see

Rigid Frames 7
Lecture 7

Rigid Frames 6
Lecture 7

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Rigid Frames 8
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

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Analysis Methods

Rigid Frame Analysis

FBD & M
opposite end
reactions at joints

computer-based

matrix analysis or finite element analysis

equilibrium
support conditions
joint locations
relative stiffness of members
output

M+

deflections
member forces
http://eng.midasuser.com
Rigid Frames 9
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

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Rigid Frames 10
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

Analysis Methods

Analysis Methods

RAM

approximate methods

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presume where inflection points occur in

deformed shape
these points have zero moment
portal method
hinge is placed at the center of each girder
hinge is placed at the center of each column
shear at interior columns
is twice that of exterior
columns
Rigid Frames 11
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Rigid Frames 12
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Rigid Frames

Sidesway

member sizes do affect behavior

location of inflection points critical

translation with vertical load

Rigid Frames 13
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

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Rigid Frames 14
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

Support Settlements

Multistory Frame Analysis

moments induced

cantilever method (approximate)

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point of inflection at midspan of each beam

point of inflection at midheight
of each column
axial force in each column
proportional to the horizontal
distance of that column from the
centroid of all columns in the story
centroids are average locations
Rigid Frames 15
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Rigid Frames 16
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Multistory Frame Analysis

Rigid Frame Design - Types

cantilever method
(approximate)

Rigid Frames 17
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Rigid Frames 18
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

Rigid Frame Design

Rigid Frame Design

materials

forms

steel
monolithic
concrete
laminated
wood

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small
large

forms
small

Riola Parish Church, Alto Alvar

www.greatbuildings.com

single story, gabled frame, portal, hinged...

large - multistory
http:// nisee.berkeley.edu/godden
Rigid Frames 19
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

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Rigid Frames 20
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

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Rigid Frame Design

Rigid Frame Design

staggered truss

connections

rigidity
clear stories

steel
concrete

http:// nisee.berkeley.edu/godden

Rigid Frames 21
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

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Rigid Frames 22
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

Rigid Frame Design

Rigid Frame Design

considerations

load combinations

need frame?
minimize moment (affects member size)
increasing stiffness

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worst case for largest moments...

wind direction can increase moments

redistributes moments
limits deflections

joint rigidity
support types

Rigid Frames 23
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Rigid Frames 24
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Combined Stresses & Design

Combined Stresses

axial + bending

beam-columns have moments at end

often due to eccentric load

P Mc

A I
M Pe

f max

design

f max Fcr
Rigid Frames 25
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Rigid Frames 26
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

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Biaxial Bending

Eccentric Loading

when there is moment in two directions

find e such that the minimum stress = 0

f min

f cr
F .S .

P Pe c

0
A
I

M 1 P e1
M 2 P e2
P M y M z
f max 1 2
A
I
I

area defined by e from centroid is the kern

biaxial bending
y
B

b
e1

e2
z

+
x

M 2 P e2
Rigid Frames 27
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Rigid Frames 28
Lecture 7

P
z

result

M 1 P e1

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

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Stress Limit Conditions

Stress Limit Conditions

ASD interaction formula

f a fb

1.0
Fa Fb

in reality, as the column flexes,

the moment increases

fa
Fa

P- effect

with biaxial bending

f a f bx f by

1.0
Fa Fbx Fby
Rigid Frames 29
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

fb
Fb

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f a f b ( Magnification factor )

1.0
Fa
Fb

Rigid Frames 30
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

Design for Combined Stress

Tools Multiframe4D

satisfy

in computer lab

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strength
stability

pick
section

Rigid Frames 31
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Rigid Frames 32
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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Tools Multiframe4D

Tools Multiframe4D

frame window

to run analysis choose

Analyze menu

define frame members

Linear

or pre-defined frame

plot

select points, assign supports

select members,
assign section
load window
select point or member,
add point or distributed
loads
Rigid Frames 33
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

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choose options

results
choose
options

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Rigid Frames 34
Lecture 7

Architectural Structures III

ARCH 631

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