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Simple Random Sampling
1.

Use a data list to number all the members / elements of the target group
from 1 to n .

n : total number of
target group

2.

Generate x random numbers from 1 to n.

x : sample size

3.

The members / elements of the target group corresponding to the random

numbers will be selected into the sample.

Suitable for small sample size.

Easy to conduct

Need to ensure that the sampling frame is fixed.

If the selection of samples is not done face-to-face, it may not be easy to

get access to the selected members / elements of the target group.

Not all groups within the target group will be fairly represented

VS

Stratified & Systematic

If the sampling frame aka total

number of members / elements
under investigation is not known,
Use: Systematic or Quota

VS

Stratified.

Systematic Random Sampling

1.

Use a data list to number the members / elements of the target group from
1 to n .

2.

Determine the sampling interval, k =

3.

A number between 1 and k , inclusive is selected at random. The

corresponding member / element of the target group and every k th
member / element of the target group thereafter are included in the sample
until a sample size of x is obtained.

Sampling frame
Sample size

If the sampling frame is not available, the sampling interval, k , can be randomly chosen.
1.

To survey 2% of the target group, a number between 1 and 50 , inclusive

is selected at random.

2.

The corresponding member / element of the target group and every 50 th

member / element of the target group thereafter are included in the sample
until the required sample size is obtained.

Suitable for large sample size.

Sample selected will be at random VS

Sample is more evenly spread VS

If the selection of samples is not done face-to-face, it may not be easy

to get access to the selected members / elements of the target group.

Alternate

If the sample has to

be 2 % of the
population, with
unspecified sample
size.

Quota

Simple Random

Biasness can be formed if the listing of the data list has a periodic / cyclic
pattern.

This disadvantage will

not be valid for the
alternate description.
Need to explain
periodic / cyclic
pattern in context of
the given question.

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Stratified Random Sampling

1.

2.

3.

Draw random samples from the sub-groups with sample size in the same
proportion as the size of each sub-group with respect to the population.
A

400
50 = 20
1000

282
50 = 14.1 14
1000

200
50 = 10
1000

118
50 = 5.9 6
1000

The number of sample randomly drawn from each subgroup is shown in

the table above.

Alternatively
1.
2.

To get a sample
of 50 from the
given data.
A

400

282

200

118

Ensure that each

subgroup is mutually
exclusive.

Percentage of sample size against population = 50 = 5 %

1000

5 % 400 = 20

5 % 282 = 14.1 14

5 % 200 = 10

5 % 118 = 5.9 6

3.

The number of sample randomly drawn from each subgroup is shown in

the table above.

Gives a good representation sample of the population.

Gives more accurate estimates VS

Time consuming VS

Sample is not evenly spread VS

If the selection of samples is not done face-to-face, it may not be easy

to get access to the selected members / elements of the target group.

Simple Random & Quota

Simple Random & Quota

Systematic

Quota Sampling
1.

The breakdown of the number of members / elements of the target group

to be selected for the sample is shown in the table below.
Batch
001
002

A
10
5

B
15
20

Fast in gathering data.

Easy to conduct

No need sampling frame

The interviewer / selector has the discretion of which members / elements

of the target group to select for the sample which can cause the results to
be biased.

Not a good representation of the population as a whole VS

Systematic & Stratified

VS

Need to ensure that

the total number is
equal to 50.
Crossing at least
between 2 categories

VS

Assuming quota is 50.

Simple Random & Stratified

- age
- gender
- nationality
- area of residence
- sizes
- batches

Systematic & Stratified