01 - OEA000100 LTE Air Interface

LTE Air Interface
LTE Air Interface
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. The Air interface
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
3. Dynamic Resource Allocation
4. Intra LTE Mobility
Page2
LTE Air Interface
Contents
Page3
Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE
1.7 Principles of OFDM
Page4
LTE Air Interface
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page5
Evolution of Cellular Networks
Page6
LTE Air Interface
Second Generation Mobile

Systems
Page7
Third Generation Mobile Systems
Page8
LTE Air Interface
Fourth Generation Mobile Systems

Key IMT Advanced Features
A high degree of commonality of functionality worldwide while retaining the flexibility to
support a wide range of services and applications in a cost efficient manner.
Compatibility of services within IMT and with fixed networks.
Capability of interworking with other radio access systems.
High quality mobile services.
User equipment suitable for worldwide use.
User-friendly applications, services and equipment.
Worldwide roaming capability.
Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100Mbit/s for high
and 1Gbit/s for low mobility were identified as targets).
Page9
Fourth Generation Mobile Systems
Page10
LTE Air Interface
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page11
3GPP Releases
EDGE
473.6kbit/s
Page12
LTE Air Interface
Release 8 - HSPA+ and LTE
Page13
Release 9 and Beyond
Page14
LTE Air Interface
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page15
Radio Interface Techniques
Page16
LTE Air Interface
Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiple Access
Page17
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page18
LTE Air Interface
Transmission Modes
Frequency Division Duplex
Page19
Transmission Modes
Time Division Duplex
Page20
10
LTE Air Interface
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page21
LTE Release 8 Bands

Band
Duplex
FDL_low
FDL_high
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
(MHz)
2110
1930
1805
2110
869
875
2620
925
1844.9
2110
1475.9
728
746
758
(MHz)
2170
1990
1880
2155
894
885
2690
960
1879.9
2170
1500.9
746
756
768
17
FDD
734
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
1900
2010
1850
1930
1910
2570
1880
2300
NOffs-DL
NDL
FUL_low
FUL_high
NOffs-UL
NUL
0
600
1200
1950
2400
2650
2750
3450
3800
4150
4750
5000
5180
5280
0-599
600-1199
1200-1949
1950-2399
2400-2649
2650-2749
2750-3449
3450-3799
3800-4149
4150-4749
4750-4999
5000-5179
5180-5279
5280-5379
(MHz)
1920
1850
1710
1710
824
830
2500
880
1749.9
1710
1427.9
698
777
788
(MHz)
1980
1910
1785
1755
849
840
2570
915
1784.9
1770
1452.9
716
787
798
18000
18600
19200
19950
20400
20650
20750
21450
21800
22150
22750
23000
23180
23280
18000-18599
18600-19199
19200-19949
19950-20399
20400-20649
20650-20749
20750-21449
21450-21799
21800-22149
22150-22749
22750-22999
23000-23179
23180-23279
23280-23379
746
5730
5730-5849
704
716
23730
23730-23849
1920
2025
1910
1990
1930
2620
1920
2400
36000
36200
36350
36950
37550
37750
38250
38650
36000-36199
36200-36349
36350-36949
36950-37549
37550-37749
37750-38249
38250-38649
38650-39649
1900
2010
1850
1930
1910
2570
1880
2300
1920
2025
1910
1990
1930
2620
1920
2400
36000
36200
36350
36950
37550
37750
38250
38650
36000-36199
36200-36349
36350-36949
36950-37549
37550-37749
37750-38249
38250-38649
38650-39649
Page22
11
LTE Air Interface
Carrier Frequency EARFCN

Calculation
Page23
Example
Page24
12
LTE Air Interface
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page25
LTE Transport Channel Processing

Transport Block
MAC Layer
PHY Layer
Transport Block CRC Attachment

Code Block CRC Attachment and
Segmentation
Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Code Block Concatenation
Additional Layer 1 Processes
Page26
13
LTE Air Interface
Transport Block CRC
Page27
Code Block Segmentation and

CRC Attachment
Page28
14
LTE Air Interface
Example
Page29
Channel Coding
Transport Channel Coding Options
Transport Channel
Coding Method
Rate
Turbo Coding
1/3
Tail Biting Convolutional Coding
1/3
DL-SCH
UL-SCH
PCH
MCH
BCH
Page30
15
LTE Air Interface
Channel Coding
Control Information Coding Options
Control Information
Coding Method
Rate
DCI
1/3
CFI
Block Code
1/16
HI
Repetition Code
1/3
UCI
Block Code
Variable
1/3
Page31
Repetition Coding
ACK
NACK
1
Repetition
Coding
1
Orthogonal sequences
Orthogonal sequences
Page32
16
LTE Air Interface
Rate Matching
Sub-block
Interleaver
Sub-block
Interleaver
Sub-block
Interleaver
Page33
Code Block Concatenation
Page34
17
LTE Air Interface
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page35
Principles of OFDM
Page36
18
LTE Air Interface
Frequency Division Multiplexing
Page37
OFDM Subcarriers
Page38
19
LTE Air Interface
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

Inverse Fast
Fourier
Transform
IFFT
Complex
Waveform
Page39
Fast Fourier Transform
Fast Fourier
Transform
FFT
Parallel
Coded
to
Bits
Serial
Page40
20
LTE Air Interface
OFDM Symbol Mapping
Page41
OFDM
Peak to Average Power Ratio
Page42
21
LTE Air Interface
Time Domain Interference
Page43
Inter Symbol Interference

Delayed
Signal
Page44
22
LTE Air Interface
Cyclic Prefix
Page45
Contents
Page46
23
LTE Air Interface
Contents
2.1 The Uu Interface
2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
2.3 LTE Channel Structure
2.4 LTE Frame Structure
2.5 OFDM Signal Generation
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
2.7 LTE Physical Signals
Page47
Contents
2.8 Downlink Reference Signals
2.9 Downlink LTE Physical Channels
2.10 Downlink Control Signaling
2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure
2.12 Uplink Transmission Technique
2.13 OFDMA Verses SC-FDMA
2.14 Uplink LTE Physical Channels
2.15 Timing Relationships
Page48
24
LTE Air Interface
Contents
2.16 Uplink Reference Signals
2.17 Uplink Control Signaling
2.18 LTE Random Access Procedure
2.19 Uplink Power Control
2.20 Paging Procedures
2.21 HARQ Operation
2.22 Diversity Options
Page49
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page50
25
LTE Air Interface
Uu Interface
Page51
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page52
26
LTE Air Interface
LTE Control Plane and User Plane
Page53
E-UTRA Protocols
Page54
27
LTE Air Interface
NAS Signaling
Page55
NAS EMM and ESM Procedures

EMM Procedures
ESM Procedures
Attach
Default EPS Bearer Context Activation
Detach
Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation
Tracking Area Update
EPS Bearer Context Modification
Service Request
EPS Bearer Context Deactivation
Extended Service Request
UE Requested PDN Connectivity
GUTI Reallocation
UE Requested PDN Disconnect
Authentication
UE Requested Bearer Resource Allocation
Identification
UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification
Security Mode Control
ESM Information Request
EMM Status
ESM Status
EMM Information
NAS Transport
Paging
Page56
28
LTE Air Interface
Radio Resource Control
Page57
Packet Data Convergence Protocol
Page58
29
LTE Air Interface
Radio Link Control
Page59
Medium Access Control
Page60
30
LTE Air Interface
Physical Layer
Page61
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page62
31
LTE Air Interface
LTE Channels
Page63
Logical Channels
Page64
32
LTE Air Interface
Downlink Physical Channels
PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel)
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)
PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)
Page65
Uplink Physical Channels
PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)
PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)
Page66
33
LTE Air Interface
Radio Channels
Page67
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page68
34
LTE Air Interface
LTE Frame Structure
Page69
Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefix
Page70
35
LTE Air Interface
Downlink CP Parameters
Configuration
CP Length (Ts)
Time
Delay
Spread
160 for slot 0
~ 5.208s
~ 1.562km
Normal Cyclic
Prefix
f = 15kHz
144 for slot 1, 2, 6
~ 4.688s
~ 1.406km
Extended Cyclic
Prefix
f = 15kHz
512 for slot 0, 1, 5
~16.67s
~ 5km
f = 7.5kHz
1024 for 0, 1, 2
~ 33.33 s
~ 10km
Page71
Normal CP Configuration
Page72
36
LTE Air Interface
Type 2 TDD Radio Frame
Page73
Type 2 Radio Frame Switching

Points
Switching
Point
Periodicity
Subframe Number
0
5ms
5ms
5ms
10ms
10ms
10ms
5ms
Configuration
Page74
37
LTE Air Interface
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page75
OFDM Signal Generation

Codewords
Page76
38
LTE Air Interface
Scrambling
Page77
Modulation Mapper
Page78
39
LTE Air Interface
64 QAM Modulation Mapper

Q
7
101111
101101
100101
100111
000111
000101
001101
001111
101110
101100
100100
100110
000110
000100
001100
001110
101010
101000
100000
100010
000010
000000
001000
001010
101011
101001
100001
100011
-7
-5
000011
000001
001001
001011
-3
-1
111011
111001
110001
110011
010011
010001
011001
011011
111010
111000
110000
110010
010010
010000
011000
011010
111110
111100
110100
110110
010110
010100
011100
011110
111111
111101
110101
110111
010111
010101
011101
011111
5
3
1
-1
-3
-5
-7
Page79
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page80
40
LTE Air Interface
OFDMA in LTE
Frequency
Device is allocated one
or more PRB (Physical
Resource Blocks)
Channel
Bandwidth
E.g. 3MHz
OFDMA
PRB consists of 12
subcarriers for 0.5ms
Time
Page81
NSCRB Subcarriers = 12
Physical Resource Blocks and

Resource Elements
Page82
41
LTE Air Interface
Downlink PRB Parameters
Configuration
Normal Cyclic Prefix
NSCRB
NSymbDL
f = 15kHz
7
12
Extended Cyclic
Prefix
f = 15kHz
f = 7.5kHz
6
24
Page83
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page84
42
LTE Air Interface
Downlink Cell ID
Page85
PSS and SSS Location for FDD
Page86
43
LTE Air Interface
PSS and SSS Location for TDD
Page87
Contents
Page88
44
LTE Air Interface
Downlink Reference Signals
Cell Specific (non-MBSFN)
MBSFN (MBMS service over Single Frequency Network)
UE Specific
Page89
Cell Specific Reference Signals

One Antenna Port
Page90
45
LTE Air Interface

Cell ID Offset
Page91

Two Antenna Port Configuration
Page92
46
LTE Air Interface

Four Antenna Port Configuration
Page93
Contents
Page94
47
LTE Air Interface
PBCH (Physical Broadcast

Channel)
Page95
System
Bandwidth
MIB to PBCH Mapping (FDD and

Normal CP)
PBCH
Page96
48
LTE Air Interface
CFI to PCFICH Mapping

k
OFDM Symbols
allocated to
PDCCH
PCFICH
NRBDL
Cell
DL
k = (NRB
sc /2)(NID mod 2NRB)
Reserved RSs
k=k
DL
k = k + NRB
)/2 NRB
sc /2
RB
k = k + 2NDL
RB)/2 Nsc /2
RB
k = k + 3NDL
RB)/2 Nsc /2
Page97
5MHz (25 Resource Blocks)
PDCCH (Physical Downlink

Control Channel)
Page98
49
LTE Air Interface
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared

Channel)
Page99
Contents
Page100
50
LTE Air Interface
Initial Procedures
Page101
Cell Search
Page102
51
LTE Air Interface
Physical Cell Identities
Page103
PSS Correlation
Page104
52
LTE Air Interface
SSS Correlation
Page105
SI Messages - PBCH and the

Master Information Block
Page106
53
LTE Air Interface
SI Block Type 1
Page107
Contents
Page108
54
LTE Air Interface
SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping

Concept
DFT
Symbols
Subcarrier
Mapping
Page109
SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Page110
55
LTE Air Interface
SC-FDMA and the eNB
Page111
Contents
Page112
56
LTE Air Interface
Uplink LTE Physical Channels
Page113
PRACH (Physical Random Access

Channel)
Page114
57
LTE Air Interface
PRACH Guard Period
Page115
Preamble Format
0 ms
1 ms
CP
0.1
2 ms
Sequence
0.8
0.1
CP
0.68
Sequence
0.8
CP
0.2
Format 0
Guard Period
Format
0.52
Sequence
1.6
CP
0.68
3 ms
0.2
Sequence
1.6
Format
2
Guard Period
0.72
Format 3
5102xTs
Format 4
58
LTE Air Interface
PRACH FDD Formats
Page117
PRACH Configuration
Subframe
0
Subframe
1
Subframe
2
RB 24
839
Subcarriers
1.25kHz
(6RBs)
C
P
ZC
RB 0
Page118
59
LTE Air Interface
PRACH Configuration Index

PRACH
Configuration
Index
Preamble
Format
System
Frame
Number
Subframe
Number
Even
Even
Even
Any
Any
Any
Any
1, 6
Any
2 ,7
Any
3, 8
Any
1, 4, 7
10
Any
2, 5, 8
11
Any
3, 6, 9
12
Any
0, 2, 4, 6, 8
13
Any
1, 3, 5, 7, 9
14
Any
0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9
15
Even
63
Even
Page119
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared

Channel)
PDSCH
Symbol
Mapping
Page120
60
LTE Air Interface
Multiplexing Control Signaling
Page121
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Page122
61
LTE Air Interface
Uplink Reference Signals
Page123
12 Subcarriers
PUSCH DRS
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Slot
Slot
Subframe
Page124
62
LTE Air Interface
Requirement for SRS
Page125
SRS Frequency Hopping
Page126
63
LTE Air Interface
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Page127
Paging Issues
Page128
64
LTE Air Interface
DRX Reception of Paging
Page129
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Page130
65
LTE Air Interface
Basic Concepts of SAW
Page131
HARQ Parallel Processes
Page132
66
LTE Air Interface
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Page133
SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO
Page134
67
LTE Air Interface
Spatial Multiplexing MIMO
Page135
Spatial Multiplexing Interference

Issues
Page136
68
LTE Air Interface
MIMO Single Stream
Page137
Efficiency
Adaptive MIMO Switching
Page138
69
LTE Air Interface
Feedback Reporting
Page139
Contents
Page140
70
LTE Air Interface
Basic Scheduling in a Cell
Loading and scheduling

issues need managing
Available Cell
Resources
Time
Page141
QoS in Packet Switched Networks

Packet Schedulers and Classifiers
Page142
71
LTE Air Interface
Key Factors Influencing Scheduling

Uplink
Interference
Bandwidth
Configuration
Page143
Dynamic Scheduling
Page144
72
LTE Air Interface
Semi-Persistent Scheduling
Page145
Contents
Page146
73
LTE Air Interface
Intra-LTE Mobility
Page147
Idle State - Cell Reselection
Page148
74
LTE Air Interface
Sintrasearch Parameter
Page149
High and Medium Mobility State

Impact to Treselection
Page150
75
LTE Air Interface
Ranking of Cells - Ranking

Equation
Page151
Active State Mobility - Intra LTE
Page152
76
LTE Air Interface
LTE Handover
Page153
Thank you
www.huawei.com
77

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LTE Air Interface

LTE Air Interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evolution of Cellular Networks

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Second Generation Mobile

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Third Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Fourth Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fourth Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Release 8 - HSPA+ and LTE

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Release 9 and Beyond

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radio Interface Techniques

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Orthogonal Frequency Division

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Release 8 Bands

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Carrier Frequency EARFCN

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Transport Channel Processing

Transport Block CRC Attachment

Code Block Concatenation

Additional Layer 1 Processes

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Transport Block CRC

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Code Block Segmentation and

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tail Biting Convolutional Coding