Blue yster Cult

Andrew Winters redirects here. It is not to be confused band recorded an albums worth of material for Elektra
with Andrew Winter.
Records in 1968. When Braunstein departed in early
1969, Elektra shelved the album.
Blue yster Cult (often abbreviated BC) is an American rock band from Long Island, New York, whose
most successful work includes the hard rock and heavy
metal songs "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", "Godzilla" and
"Burnin' for You". Since the release of their eponymous
debut album in 1972, the band has sold over 24 million albums worldwide, including 7 million in the United States
alone. The bands music videos, especially Burnin' for
You, received heavy rotation on MTV when the music television network premiered in 1981, cementing the
bands contribution to the development and success of the
music video in modern pop culture.

Eric Bloom (formerly the bands acoustic engineer) replaced Braunstein, and the band continued to perform as
Soft White Underbelly. However, a bad review of a 1969
Fillmore East show caused Pearlman to change the name
of the band rst to Oaxaca, then to the Stalk-Forrest
Group. The band recorded yet another albums worth of
material for Elektra, but only one single (What Is Quicksand?" b/w Arthur Comics) was released (and only in a
promo edition of 300 copies) on Elektra Records. (This
album was eventually released, with additional outtakes,
by Rhino Handmade Records as St. Cecilia: The Elektra
Recordings in 2001). After a few more temporary band
Blue yster Cults longest lasting and most commer- names, including the Santos Sisters, the band settled on
cially successful lineup included Donald Buck Dharma Blue yster Cult in 1971. (see band name section beRoeser (lead guitar, vocals), Eric Bloom (lead vocals, low for its origin).
stun guitar), Allen Lanier (keyboards, rhythm guitar, New York City producer/composer and jingle writer
backing vocals), Joe Bouchard (bass, backing vocals) David Lucas saw the band perform and took them into his
and Albert Bouchard (drums, percussion, backing vo- Warehouse Recording Studio and produced four demos,
cals). The bands current lineup includes Roeser and with which Pearlman was able to get the renamed band
Bloom, as well as Jules Radino (drums, percussion), another audition with Columbia Records. Clive Davis
Richie Castellano (keyboard, rhythm guitar, backing vo- liked what he heard, and signed the band to the label.
cals), and Kasim Sulton (bass, backing vocals).[1]
The rst album was subsequently produced and recorded
by Lucas on eight track at Lucas studio.[4] Winters would
leave the band and be replaced by Bouchards brother, Joe
Bouchard.

1.1

History

Lyricists for Blue yster Cult include band members

Donald Roeser, Albert Bouchard, producer Sandy PearlEarly years as Soft White Underbelly man, and writers Richard Meltzer, Patti Smith, Michael
Moorcock, Eric Van Lustbader, Jim Carroll, Broadway
(19671971)
Blotto and John Shirley.

The band originated as a group called Soft White Underbelly (a name the band would later occasionally use
in the 1970s and 1980s to play small club gigs around
the U.S.) in 1967 in the vicinity of Stony Brook University on Long Island, New York, at the prompting of
critic and manager Sandy Pearlman consisting of guitarist
Buck Dharma, drummer Albert Bouchard, keyboardist
Allen Lanier, singer Les Braunstein and bassist Andrew
Winters.[2] Pearlman wanted the group to be the American answer to Black Sabbath.[3] Pearlman was important
to the band he was able to get them gigs and recording contracts with Elektra and Columbia, and he provided them with his poetry for use as lyrics for many
of their songs, including Astronomy. Writer Richard
Meltzer also provided the band with lyrics from their early
days up through their most recent studio album. The

1.2 Black and white years (19711975)

Their debut album Blue yster Cult was released in January 1972, with a black and white cover designed by artist
Bill Gawlik. The album featured the songs "Cities on
Flame with Rock and Roll", Stairway to the Stars, and
Then Came the Last Days of May. The album sold
well, and Blue yster Cult toured with artists such as The
Byrds, Mahavishnu Orchestra, and Alice Cooper.[5]
Their next album Tyranny and Mutation, released in
1973, was written while the band was on tour for their
rst LP. It contained songs such as The Red and The
Black (an ode to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
and basically a sped-up rewrite of I'm On The Lamb,
1

HISTORY

from the debut album), Hot Rails To Hell, and Baby to use it on his 1982 solo album, Flat Out, but he was
Ice Dog, the rst of the bands many collaborations with convinced to use it on the Blue yster Cult album inPatti Smith.
stead. The album went platinum, and contained other fan
The bands third album, Secret Treaties (1974) received favorites such as Joan Crawford (inspired by the book
positive reviews, featuring songs such as Career of Evil and lm Mommie Dearest) and "Veteran of the Psychic
(also co-written by Patti Smith), Dominance and Sub- Wars", another song co-written by Moorcock. Several of
mission and "Astronomy". As a result of constant tour- the songs had been written for the animated lm Heavy
Metal, but only Veteran of the Psychic Wars (which,
ing, the band was now capable of headlining arenas.
ironically, was not written for Heavy Metal) was actually
used in the movie. After this album, Albert Bouchard had
a falling out with the others and left the band, and Rick
1.3 Commercial success (19751981)
Downey (formerly the bands lighting designer) replaced
him on drums.
The bands rst live album On Your Feet or on Your Knees
(1975) achieved greater success and went gold, and was At the height of their popularity, the bands success
followed up by their rst platinum album, Agents of For- spurred a host of cult-like activities, such as a Marsheld,
tune (1976). Again produced by Lucas. It contained the Mass. Blue yster Cult-themed summer camp which feahit single "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", which reached num- tured competitive air guitar and lip synching contests.
ber 12 on the Billboard charts and has become a classic of
the genre. Other major songs on the album were "(This
Ain't) The Summer of Love, E.T.I. (Extra-Terrestrial 1.4 Decline and fall (19811987)
Intelligence)", and The Revenge of Vera Gemini. For
the tour, the band added lasers to their light show, for After leaving the band, Albert Bouchard spent ve years
working on a solo album based on Sandy Pearlmans
which they became known.[6]
poem Imaginos. Blue yster Cult released a live album
Their next album, Spectres (1977), had the FM radio hit Extraterrestrial Live, then went to the studio for the next
"Godzilla", but its sales were not as strong as those for the
album, with Bruce Fairbairn as producer, the 1983 reprevious album.
lease The Revlution by Night. Its highest-charting single
The band then released another live album, Some En- was Shooting Shark, co-written by Patti Smith, which
chanted Evening (1978). Though it was intended as an- reached number 83 on the charts. Shooting Shark also
other double-live album in the vein of On Your Feet Or On featured Randy Jackson on bass. After Revlution, Rick
Your Knees, Columbia insisted that it be edited down to Downey left, leaving Blue yster Cult without a drumsingle-album length. It became Blue yster Cults most mer.
popular album, eventually selling over 2 million copies.
The band re-united with Albert Bouchard for a CaliforIt was followed by the studio album Mirrors (1979).
For Mirrors, instead of working with previous producers
Sandy Pearlman (who instead went on to manage Black
Sabbath) and Murray Krugman, Blue yster Cult chose
Tom Werman, who had worked with acts such as Cheap
Trick and Ted Nugent. However, the resulting album
sales were disappointing.

nia tour in February 1985, infamously known as the Albert Returns Tour. This arrangement was only temporary, and caused more tensions between the band and
Bouchard, as he had thought he would be staying on
permanently, which was not the case. The band had
only intended to use him as a last-minute ll-in until another drummer could come on board, which resulted in
Bouchards leaving after the tour. Allen Lanier also quit
Pearlmans association with Black Sabbath was tapped
for the next Blue yster Cult album, which resulted in the band shortly thereafter, leaving the band without a
keyboardist.
Sabbaths Heaven and Hell producer Martin Birch being
hired for the next Blue yster Cult record. The result was Blue yster Cult hired drummer Jimmy Wilcox and keypositive, with Cultsaurus Erectus (1980) receiving good boardist Tommy Zvoncheck to nish the Club Ninja alreviews. The album went to number 12 in the UK, but bum, which was poorly received, with only Dancing In
did not do as well in the U.S. One of the notable songs The Ruinsone of several songs on the record writon the album was Black Blade, which was written by ten entirely by outside songwritersenjoying minimal
Bloom with lyrics by sci- and fantasy author Michael success on radio and MTV. The highlight of the album
Moorcock. The song is a kind of retelling of Moorcocks was Perfect Water written by Dharma and Jim Carroll
epic Elric of Melnibon-Saga. The band also did a co- (noted author of The Basketball Diaries).
headlining tour with Black Sabbath in support of the al- The band toured in Germany, after which bassist Joe
bum, calling the tour "Black and Blue".
Bouchard left, leaving only two members of the classic
Birch produced the bands next album as well, Fire of Unknown Origin (1981). The biggest hit on this album was
the Top 40 hit "Burnin' for You", a song Dharma had
written with a Richard Meltzer lyric. He had intended

lineup, Eric Bloom and Donald Roeser some referred

to the band as Two yster Cult during this period. Jon
Rogers was hired to replace Joe, and this version of the
band nished out the 1986 tour. After the tour wound up

1.6

CMC/Sanctuary years (19982002)

that year, the band took a temporary break from recording and touring.

1.5

Imaginos and
(1987present)

continued

touring

Blue yster Cult live in 2006

Blue yster Cult performing at the Sweden Rock Festival, 2008.

When Blue yster Cult received an oer to tour in

Greece in the early summer of 1987, the band sprang
back into action. The new line-up contained founding
members Eric Bloom, Donald Buck Dharma Roeser
and Allen Lanier, with Jon Rogers returning on bass, and
Ron Riddle on drums. Columbia Records was not interested in releasing the Imaginos project as an Albert
Bouchard solo album, so Pearlman arranged for it to be
released in 1988 by Columbia as a Blue yster Cult album, with some new vocal and instrumental overdubs
from Bloom and Roeser. The album did not sell well (despite a positive review in Rolling Stone magazine), and
though Blue yster Cult did tour to promote Imaginos,
promotion by the label was virtually non-existent. When
Columbia Records parent company CBS Records was
purchased by Sony and became Sony Music Entertainment, Blue yster Cult were dropped from the label.
The band spent the next 11 years touring without releasing an album, though they did contribute two new
songs to the Bad Channels movie soundtrack, released in
1992. Riddle quit in 1991 and was followed by a series
of other drummers including Chuck Burgi (19911992,
19921995, 19961997), John Miceli (1992, 1995),
John O'Reilly (19951996) and Bobby Rondinelli (1997
2004). Jules Radino joined in 2004, and is the bands
current drummer. Rogers left in 1995, and was replaced
by Danny Miranda. Miranda left in 2004 and ended up as
the bassist for Queen + Paul Rodgers and Richie Castellano replaced him.
Allen Lanier retired from live performances in 2007 after not appearing with the band since late 2006. Castellano has switched to rhythm guitar and keyboards (Castellano also lled in on lead guitar and vocals for an ailing
Buck Dharma in two shows in 2005), and the position of
bassist was taken up by Rudy Sarzo (previously a member
of Quiet Riot, Whitesnake, and Dio), with the band employing Danny Miranda and Jon Rogers as guest bassists
to ll in when Sarzo was unavailable. Sarzo then joined

the band as an ocial member of the band, although

since then Rogers has occasionally lled in when Sarzo
has been busy.
In December 2008, BC management announced that
Roeser had fallen down a staircase in his Florida home
and injured his shoulder. As a result, several tour dates
in December 2008 and January 2009 were canceled or
postponed. The band returned to touring by the fall of
2009.
In June 2012, the band announced that bassist Rudy Sarzo
was leaving the band and was being replaced by former
Utopia bassist Kasim Sulton.
Founding keyboardist/guitarist Allen Lanier died of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on August 14,
2013.[7]

1.6 CMC/Sanctuary years (19982002)

In the late 1990s, Blue yster Cult secured a recording contract with CMC Records (later purchased by
Sanctuary Records), and continued to tour frequently.
Two studio albums were released, 1998s Heaven Forbid
and Curse of the Hidden Mirror from 2001. Both albums
featured songs co-written by cyberpunk/horror novelist
John Shirley. Another live record, A Long Days Night
and DVD (same title), followed in 2002, both drawn from
one concert in Chicago.
Blue yster Cult have since had a falling out with
Sanctuary Records, and currently have no record deal.

1.7 Sony Legacy remasters (2001, 2007)

and box set (2012)
In 2001, Sony/Columbias reissue arm, Legacy Records
issued expanded versions of the rst four Blue yster Cult
studio albums, including some previously unreleased demos and outtakes from album sessions, live recordings
(from the Live 72 EP), and post-St. Cecilia tunes from

BAND NAME AND LOGO

Blue yster Cult performs in Edmonton, Canada on August 18,

2012.

the Stalk-Forrest Group era.

In February 2007, the Sony Legacy remaster series continued, releasing expanded versions of studio album
Spectres and live album Some Enchanted Evening.
In August 2012 it was announced that Sony Legacy would
be releasing a 17-disc boxed set entitled The Complete
Columbia Albums Collection on October 30, 2012. The
set includes the rst round of the remastered series plus
the long awaited remastered versions of; On Your Feet
Or On Your Knees (1975), Mirrors, Cultsaurus Erectus,
Fire Of Unknown Origin, Extraterrestrial Live, The Revlution By Night, Club Ninja and Imaginos. Also exclusive
to this set are two discs of rare and unreleased B-sides,
demos and radio broadcasts.

The Saturn symbol in alchemy

In a 1976 interview published in the U.K. music magazine

Zig Zag, Pearlman told the story explaining the origin of
the bands name was an anagram of Cully Stout Beer.

Band name and logo

Imaginos poetry, later used more extensively in their

1988 album Imaginos. Pearlman had also come up with
the bands earlier name, Soft White Underbelly, from a
phrase used by Winston Churchill in describing Italy during World War II. In Pearlmans poetry, the Blue Oyster
Cult was a group of aliens who had assembled to secretly
guide Earths history. Initially, the band was not happy
with the name, but settled for it, and went to work preparing to record their rst release...[8]

The addition of the umlaut was suggested by Allen

Lanier, but rock critic Richard Meltzer claims to have
suggested it just after Pearlman came up with the name,
reportedly because of the Wagnerian aspect of Metal.[9]
Other bands later copied the practice of using umlauts or diacritic marks in their own band names, such
as Motrhead, Mtley Cre, Queensrche and Spn al
Tap.[10]
The hook-and-cross logo was designed by Bill Gawlik[2]
in January 1972,[11] and appears on all of the bands
albums.[10] In Greek mythology, "... the hook-and-cross
symbol is that of Kronos (Cronus), the king of the Titans and father of Zeus ... and is the alchemical symbol for lead (a heavy metal), one of the heaviest of
metals.[12] Sandy Pearlman considered this, combined
with the heavy and distorted guitar sound of the band
and decided the description "heavy metal"[13] would be
aptly applied to Blue yster Cults musical sound. The
hook-and-cross symbol also resembled the astrological
symbol for Saturn, the Roman god of agriculture,[14] and
the sickle, which is associated with both Kronos (Cronus)
The hook-and-cross logo
and Saturn (both the planet and the Roman god).[15] The
The name Blue yster Cult came from a 1960s poem logos "... metaphysical, alchemical and mythological
written by manager Sandy Pearlman. It was part of his connotations, combined with its similarity to some reli-

5
gious symbols gave it a air of decadence and mystery yster Cult is one of his favorite bands. He has written
...[11]
a book titled Blue yster Cult: Secrets Revealed about the
The band was billed, for the only time, as The Blue ys- discography. It is a compiled track-by-track analysis of
ter Cult on the cover and label of their second album, the entire output of the group that uses period and recent interviews with band members and those close to the
Tyranny and Mutation.
band. It is complete up to Curse of the Hidden Mirror.
Their hit single "(Don't Fear) The Reaper was featured in
the famous Saturday Night Live sketch, "More cowbell".
3 Legacy and inuence
The original recording was produced at The Record Plant
in New York by David Lucas, who sang background voBecause of their unique sound and diversity, Blue ys- cals with Roeser and played the now famous cowbell part.
ter Cult has been inuential to many modern bands that Manager Sandy Pearlman mixed the record.
span many genres, and are often viewed as important pi"(Don't Fear) The Reaper was also used in
oneers of several dierent styles of rock music that came
writer/director John Carpenter's horror lm classic,
to prominence in the 1980s and 1990s. Many heavy metal
"Halloween (1978 lm)",[19] and covered by The Mutton
bands have cited them as a major inuence, and bands
Birds for Peter Jackson's 1996 lm "The Frighteners".[20]
such as Metallica and Iced Earth have covered their songs
on studio recordings and during live performances. The The bands inuence has extended beyond the musical
song "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" has also been covered sphere. The lyrics of Astronomy have been named by
by many diverse artists, notably Evanescence, HIM, The author Shawn StJean as inspirational to the later chapters
Goo Goo Dolls, The Beautiful South, Wilco, Big Coun- of his fantasy novel Clothos Loom,[21] wherein Sandy
try, and singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. The bands The Pearlmans Four Winds Bar provides the setting for a
Minutemen and Firehose, featuring bassist Mike Watt, portion of the action.
frequently performed versions of The Red & The Black
during their career. The song "Burnin' for You" was covered by Shiny Toy Guns for a 2010 Lincoln MKS com- 4 Personnel
mercial. They were also quite inuential to several early
punk rock bands. They are seen as one of the main inuences by rock noir bands such as the genre originators 4.1 Members
Belladonna,.[16] The Australian punk band Radio BirdCurrent members
man named their debut album Radios Appear after a Blue
yster Cult lyric from the song Dominance and Submis Donald Buck Dharma Roeser lead guitar, vocals
sion. Blue yster Cults song "Godzilla" has been cov(1967present)
ered by a wide variety of bands, including Racer X, Fu
Manchu, The Smashing Pumpkins, Sebastian Bach, and
Eric Bloom lead vocals, stun guitar (1969present)
more.
Richie Castellano keyboards, rhythm guitar, backBlue yster Cult has also been an inuence on many of
ing vocals (2007present), bass guitar (20042007)
the harder-edged, psychedelic bands in the modern jam
band scene because of their intimate live shows and ex Jules Radino drums, percussion (2004present)
tended improvisations. Out of these bands, fellow New
Kasim Sulton bass guitar, backing vocals (2012
Yorkers moe. have cited Blue yster Cult as one of their
present)
primary inuences. They have been greatly inuenced by
Blue yster Cult in their style of guitar-driven jamming,
their elaborate light shows, slightly tongue-in-cheek and Former members
eclectic songwriting, and the intimate atmosphere of their
live performances. moe. also frequently covers Blue yster Cult classics in their sets, and members of Blue yster 4.2 Lineups
Cult have appeared on-stage with the band several times
in the past few years, including the 2002 Jammy Awards. 4.3 Timeline
A photo of the performance can be seen here.[17]
The un-authored AllMusic page for stoner metal states: 5 Lead vocals
'"Stoner metal bands updated the long, mind-bending
jams and ultra-heavy ris of bands like Black Sabbath, While Eric Bloom has always been the bands ocial lead
Blue Cheer, Blue Oyster Cult, and Hawkwind by ltering singer, other members of the band have contributed lead
their psychedelia-tinged metal and acid rock through the vocals throughout its history.
buzzing sound of early Sub Pop-style grunge."'[18]
Heavy metal journalist Martin Popo has stated that Blue

Donald Buck Dharma Roeser

8 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Then Came the Last Days of May, Before the Kiss,

Agents of Fortune:
RIAA (USA) Platinum
a Redcap, Teen Archer, "(Don't Fear) The Reaper",
1,000,000+; CRIA (Canada) Gold 50,000+
Godzilla, Golden Age of Leather, I Love the Night,
Spectres: RIAA (USA) Gold 500,000+
In Thee, Mirrors, The Vigil, Lonely Teardrops,
Deadline, Burnin' for You, Don't Turn Your Back,
Some Enchanted Evening: RIAA (USA) Platinum
Shooting Shark, Veins, Dragon Lady, Dancin' in
1,000,000+
the Ruins, Perfect Water, Spy in the House of the
Fire of Unknown Origin: RIAA (USA) Gold
Night, Madness to the Method, Astronomy (Imag500,000+; CRIA (Canada) Gold 50,000+
inos version)", Les Invisibles, Magna of Illusion,
Harvest Moon, X-Ray Eyes, Damaged, Real
World, Live for Me, Still Burnin'", Dance on Stilts,
Pocket, Here Comes That Feeling, Stone of Love, 7 Discography
Night Flyer (out-take from Spectres), Summa Cum
Laude
Main article: Blue yster Cult discography
Joe Bouchard
Screams, Hot Rails to Hell, Wings Wetted Down,
Morning Final, Celestial The Queen, Nosferatu,
Moon Crazy, Fallen Angel, Vengeance (The Pact)",
Light Years of Love, When the War Comes (duet
with Donald Roeser), Boorman The Chaeur (out-take
from Secret Treaties), Double Talk

Blue yster Cult has released thirteen studio albums, the

most recent one being released in 2001 entitled Curse of
the Hidden Mirror (released 30 years after their debut in
1971). Sixteen of the song lyrics in the nal two Blue
yster Cult albums to date, Heaven Forbid and Curse of
the Hidden Mirror, were written by novelist John Shirley.

7.1 Studio albums

Albert Bouchard
You're Not the One (I Was Looking For)", Cities
on Flame with Rock and Roll, Dominance and
Submission, The Revenge of Vera Gemini, Sinful Love, Debbie Denise, Death Valley Nights,
Cagey Cretins (duet with Eric Bloom), Fireworks,
Hungry Boys, Blue yster Cult (duet with Donald
Roeser), Sally (out-take from Agents of Fortune),
Fire Of Unknown Origin (original version; out-take
from Agents of Fortune)
Allen Lanier
True Confessions, Dance The Night Away (demo),
Please Hold (out-take), Wind in My Veins (out-take)
Jon Rogers
I Am the One You Warned Me Of, Imaginos
Joey Cerisano

Blue yster Cult (1972)

Tyranny and Mutation (1973)
Secret Treaties (1974)
Agents of Fortune (1976)
Spectres (1977)
Mirrors (1979)
Cultsaurus Erectus (1980)
Fire of Unknown Origin (1981)
The Revlution by Night (1983)
Club Ninja (1985)
Imaginos (1988)
Heaven Forbid (1998)
Curse of the Hidden Mirror (2001)
In 2012, the Blue yster Cult albums released by
Columbia were re-released in a box set of sixteen CDs
and one DVD.

The Siege and Investiture of Baron Von Frankensteins

Castle at Weisseria

8 Bibliography
6

Album certications
Secret Treaties: RIAA (USA) Gold 500,000+
On Your Feet or on Your Knees: RIAA (USA) Gold
500,000+

BLUE YSTER CULT : Secrets revealed!, by Martin

Popo, 303 pages(Canada, 2009)
BLUE YSTER CULT : La Carrire du mal, by Mathieu Bollon and Aurlien Lemant, Camion Blanc
publishing, 722 pages (France, 2013)

References

10 External links

[1] Ocial Website. Blueoystercult.com. Retrieved 201210-29.

[2] Berelian, Essi. The Rough Guide to Heavy Metal. Rough
Guides. p. 41. ISBN 1-84353-415-0.
[3] Interview with Eric Bloom of Blue Oyster Cult. Classicrock.about.com. 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
[4] "'David Lucas in band-relations bio page. Ocial BC
website. Retrieved 2011-03-05.
[5] Perry, Shawn. The Eric Bloom Interview. Vintagerock.com. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
[6] The History of BC. Blue Oyster Cult.com. Retrieved
2008-09-14.
[7] Allen Lanier of Blue Oyster Cult Dead At 66 | News |
Music News. Noise11 (2013-08-15). Retrieved on 201309-03.
[8] The History of BC. Blueoystercult.com. Retrieved
2010-09-23.
[9] Why are they called Duran Duran? A guide to band name
etymologies. Rate Your Music. Retrieved 2013-06-30.
[10] John Swartz (2001-12-10).
2007-11-24.

BOC FAQ.

Retrieved

[11] The History of BC. Blueoystercult.com. Retrieved

2010-09-23.
[12] Blue Oyster Cult Logo Design and History.
nesh.com. 2010-08-25. Retrieved 2010-09-23.

Di-

[13] The term heavy metal was rst used by Mike Saunders
in 1970.
[14] Mythography | The Roman god Saturn in Myth and Art.
Loggia.com. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
[15] Saturn, Roman god of the harvest and a planet. Wordsources.info. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
[16] Belladonna Metaphysical Attraction.
anges. Retrieved 2013-06-30.

invisibleor-

[17] Road Images. Blueoystercult.com. Retrieved 2012-1029.

[18] allmusic. allmusic. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
[19] http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0077651/soundtrack?ref_
=tt_trv_snd
[20] http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0116365/soundtrack?ref_
=tt_trv_snd
[21] Intertwining High and Low Culture. Clothos Loom.
Retrieved 2013-05-03.

Ocial website
http://www.markprindle.com/blue.htm

10.1 Members websites

Ocial Donald Buck Dharma Roeser website
Ocial Eric Bloom website
Ocial Albert Bouchard website
Ocial Ron Riddle website
Ocial Richie Castellano website
Ocial Rudy Sarzo website
Ocial Jules Radino website
Ocial Joe Bouchard website
Ocial Tommy Zvoncheck website

11

11
11.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Blue yster Cult Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_%C3%96yster_Cult?oldid=675008372 Contributors: NathanBeach, The

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