Paper introduction

a. Need (10-12 lines) ref [1,2] { focus on air side}

One of the primary goals in the design of modern thermal systems is the achievement of more
compact and ecient heat exchangers. Reducing energy loss due to ineective use and also
enhancement of energy transfer in the form of heat has become an increasingly important duty
for the design engineers of thermal systems by considering the world wide increase in energy
demand. This duty requires employing heat transfer surfaces with high heat transfer coecients
and high area compactness. Particular attention in the selection/design of heat transfer surfaces is
required if the energy carrying uid is selected to be an air/gas. It is well known that gases have
heat transfer coecients that are 100 times lower than those of liquids. Extended surfaces (ns)
are frequently used in heat exchanging devices for the purpose of increasing the heat transfer
between a primary surface and the surrounding uid. Various types of heat exchanger ns,
ranging from relatively simple shapes, such as rectangular, square, cylindrical, annular, tapered
or pin ns, to a combination of dierent geometries have been used however, increase in
pressure drop limits its application.
b. Present usage and major problems (6lines ) ref [2-5]

Energy and material-saving considerations, as well as economic and ecological

incentives, have led to concerted efforts to produce more efficient heat-exchange equipment. The
usual goals are to reduce the size of a heat exchanger required for a specic heat duty and to
upgrade the capacity of existing heat exchange equipment. The present trend is moving toward
components with augmentation, enhancement or intensication. However heat transfer
augmentation by providing extended surface to air side increases pressure drop and obstruct
airflow.
Therefore, the heat transfer enhancement in heat-exchange equipment becomes a
challenge for engineers in industry. Worldwide demand for efcient, reliable and economical
heat exchange equipment is accelerating rapidly, particularly in large-scale power and process
industry, refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. For better airside heat transfer performances
great improvements in energy conservation and the protection of the environment are possible.
c. Recent developments (7 lines)
d. Literature review ( 10 lines) ref 10 papers

Senthilkumar et al (2013) studied rectangular brass fins with nanocoating, They found that
average percentage of increase in heat transfer rate around 12% for carbon Nanotube coated fins.
Teng et al (2013) studied effect of nano coating on projection lamp fixture. the internal
temperature of the xture adopting the halogen lamp and the LED lamp reduced by 5.4% and
3.2%. The power consumption reduced by 12.9%for the LED lamp.

Movaen et al (2012) reported the effects of super hydrophobic nano-coating on frictional drag
force. they observed that the drag reduction values of up to 30% in laminar and up to 15% in
turbulent ows.
Senthilkumar et al (2013) investigated experimentally rectangular aluminium fins with nano
coating. They found that average percentage of increase in heat transfer rate around 5% for
carbon Nano coated
Pathaka et al (2009) investigated experimentally the feasibility of using carbon nanotube (CNT)
microscopic fins to improve the convective heat transfer characteristics of SMA wire. From the
experiments, it was found that the overall heat transfer coefficient was estimated to be increased
by 24% from 50 W / m2 K for untreated wire to 62 W/ m2 K for nanotube treated wire.
Forrest et al (2009) investigated the Nanoparticle thin-film coatings and its effects on
augmentation of nucleate boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux were studied. For a given
heat flux, the hydrophobic surface has the greatest enhancement in the nucleate boiling heat
transfer coefficient up to about 100%.
Chiyoung et al (2010) Studied Pool boiling heat transfer with nano-porous surface. It was
observed that the incipient wall superheat in the nano-porous surface was lower than that in the
non-coating surface.
Wark et al (2012) conducted the experimental study for pool boiling of pure water were
performed using Al2O3 nanoparticle coated flat square heater surfaces. The nanocoated surface
was optimal in that it provided the maximum critical heat flux (CHF) enhancement with no
nucleate boiling heat transfer (BHT) degradation
Wang et al (2012) anti icing performance of nanocoated copper sample was studied.
nanocoating delayed the starting icing but also increase the whole icing process time compared
with the plain copper surface.
Lee et al (2005) studied Nanostructure augmentation of surfaces for enhanced thermal Transfer.
Miljkovic et al (2012) investigated the condensation behavior of nanostructured surface, They
experimentally demonstrated that a 25% higher overall heat flux and 30% higher condensation
heat transfer coefficient can be achieved using copper oxide (CuO) super hydrophobic surfaces.
Droplet can jump from the surface due to the release of excess surface energy.
e. objective

Considering the pressing need to enhance the heat transfer coefficient of air in developing an
energy efficient thermal system and recent developments in the field of nanotechnology, the
specific objective of the present work is to explore the effectiveness of nanocoating MWCNT on
the heat exchanger surface through thermal performance analysis by varying thickness and
spacing between carbon nanotubes.

Nanoparticle
Cu spherical geometry 3 graph + 1 viscous sublayer graph.
Refer - sigmaaldrich.com

MWCNT
OD 1-10nm, 10-20 nm, .80-90 nm
Length of nanotube 1-10 um , 10-30 um, 30-50 um
Spacing between tubes 2 20 um
For per unit length

Nusselt no. , peclet no. , Reynolds no. ,