Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Anchor design
Safety concept
Depending on the application and the anchor type one of the following two concepts can be applied:
34
5% fractile
environmental
conditions
(temperature,
durability)
characteristic
partial safety resistance
(ETA)
factor
design
action
characteristic
value of action
Rd
partial safety
factors
for action
action
mean ultimate
resistance
Sd
for material
(anchor,
base material) design
resistance
recommended
load
resistance
mean ultimate
resistance
5% fractile
characteristic
resistance
(basic value)
global
safety factor
recommended
load
characteristic
value of action
action
resistance
09 / 2012
Anchor design
Design methods
Anchors for use in other base materials and for special applications
If no special calculation method is given, the basic load values given in this manual are valid, as long as the
application conditions (e.g. base material, geometrie, environmental conditions) are observed.
Resistance to fire
When resistance to fire has to be considered, the load values given in the section resistance to fire should be
observed. The values are valid for a single anchor.
ETAG
CEN/TS
ACI 318-08
09 / 2012
35
Anchor design
NRd,s
NRd,p
NRd,c
NRd,sp
= NRk,s / Ms
* NRk,s: characteristic steel resistance
= (NRk,p / Mp) c
* NRk,p: characteristic pull-out resistance
* Mp: partial safety factor for pull-out failure
* c:
influence of concrete strength
* Values given in the relevant ETA
NRd,p = N Rd,p fB
** N0Rd,p: Basic design pull-out resistance
** fB:
influence of concrete strength
** Values given in the respective tables in this manual
NRd,p
36
09 / 2012
Anchor design
Design combined pull-out and concrete cone resistance NRd,p for bonded anchors designed according
EOTA TR 029
EOTA TR 029
and relevant ETA
NRd,p
g,Np =
0
g,Np
(s / scr,Np)
0,5
0
g,Np
1)
1
0g,Np = n0,5 (n0,5 1)
0,5
1,5
{(d Rk)/[k (hef fck,cube) ] }
1
scr,Np = 20 d (Rk,ucr / 7,5)0,5 3 hef
*
Mp:
edge
distance at the concrete surface
(idealised)
+ Ap,N: actual influence area of the
anchorage at the concrete surface,
limited by overlapping areas of
adjoining anchors and by edges of
the concrete member
Rk:
s:
scr,Np:
n:
group
k:
strength
*
09 / 2012
37
Anchor design
NRd,c
ec,N
where
Mc:
A0c,N:
failure
area of concrete cone of an
individual anchor with large
cone
spacing
+ Ac,N:
anchors
and by edges of the concrete
member
+ s,N:
edges
+ re,N:
+ ec,N:
k1:
38
09 / 2012
Anchor design
where
0,5
= k1 fck,cube
hef
1,5
Mc:
++
0
A c,N:
failure
area of concrete cone of an
individual anchor with large
cone
spacing
++ Ac,N:
NRd,sp =
**
**
**
**
**
anchors
+ s,N:
edges
+ re,N:
+ ec,N:
k1:
+ h,sp:
depth
fck,cube: concrete compressive strength
* hef:
embedment depth
* Values given in the relevant ETA
+ Values have to be calculated according data given
in
the relavant ETA (details of calculation see
Annex C
of ETAG 001 or EOTA TR 029)
0
++ Values of A c,N and Ac,N for splitting failure may be
different from those for concrete cone failure, due
to different values for the critical edge distance and
critical anchor spacing
09 / 2012
39
Anchor design
VRd,s
VRd,cp
VRd,c
= VRk,s / Ms
* VRk,s: characteristic steel resistance
* Ms:
partial safety factor for steel
failure
* Values given in the relevant ETA
For steel failure with lever arm see Annex C of
ETAG 001 or EOTA TR 029
Design concrete pryout resistance VRd,cp for anchors designed according Annex C of ETAG 001
Annex C of ETAG 001
and relevant ETA
VRd,cp
for
Mc:
cone
failure (see design concrete cone
failure)
* k:
influence of embedment depth
* Values given in the relevant ETA
40
09 / 2012
Anchor design
Design concrete pryout resistance VRd,cp for bonded anchors designed according EOTA TR 029
EOTA TR 029
and relevant ETA
VRd,cp
=
NRk,c / Mc
characteristic tension resistance
for
combined pull-out and concrete
cone
failure (see design combined pullout
NRk,c:
for
Mp:
Mc:
and
concrete cone failure)
partial safety factor for concrete
cone
failure (see design concrete cone
failure)
* k:
influence of embedment depth
* Values given in the relevant ETA
09 / 2012
41
Anchor design
VRd,c =
**
**
**
VRd,c
Mc:
edge
+ A0c,V:
+ Ac,V:
failure
area of concrete cone of an
individual anchor at the lateral
concrete surface not affected by
edges (idealised)
actual area of concrete cone of
anchorage at the lateral concrete
surface, limited by overlapping
concrete cones of adjoining
V0Rd,c fB f f h f4 f hef fc
V0Rd,c: Basic design concrete edge resistance
fB :
influence of concrete strength
f :
Influence of angle between load
applied and the direction
perpendicular to the free edge
** f h:
Influence of base material thickness
** f4:
Influence of anchor spacing and edge
distance
** f hef:
influence of embedment depth
** fc:
influence of edge distance
** Values given in the respective tables in this manual
anchors,
+ s,V:
further
edges
+ h,V:
decrease
proportially to the memebr
thickness
as assumed by the idealised ratio
Ac,V / A0c,V
++ ,V:
++ ec,V:
++ re,V:
k1:
influence of reinforcement
= 1,7 for anchorages in cracked
concrete
= 2,4 for anchorages in
non-cracked concrete
* d:
anchor diameter
fck,cube: concrete compressive strength
c1:
edge distance
* Values given in the relevant ETA
+ Values have to be calculated according data given
in the relavant ETA (details of calculation see
Annex C of ETAG 001 or EOTA TR 029)
++ Details see Annex C of ETAG 001 or EOTA
TR 029
42
09 / 2012
Anchor design
With
N = NSd / NRd and
V = VSd / VRd
V 1
N + V 1,2 or N + V 1
2,0
1,5
09 / 2012
1,5
43
Design example
Design example
Adhesive anchoring system with variable embedment depth in non-cracked concrete
Anchoring conditions
concrete
Non-cracked concrete C50/60
service temperature
temperature range II
range of base material
Group of two anchors close to the edge
number of anchors
base material thickness
h
100 mm
anchor spacing
s
150 mm
edge distance
c
100 mm
shear load direction perpendicular to free edge
0
NSd
TENSION design action (fixing point)
15,0 kN
SHEAR design action (fixing point)
VSd
(1)
NSd
VSd(1)
hef
anchor
external diameter
15,0 kN
7,5 kN
7,5 kN
70 mm
smin
60 mm
minimum spacing
cmin
60 mm
70 mm
210 mm
critical edge distance for concrete cone failure ccr,N and critical edge distance for
combined pull-out and concrete cone failure ccr,Np
hef =
70 mm
h = 100 mm
hef =
105 mm
for h 2 hef
70 mm
h/hef = 1,43
ccr,sp =
scr,sp = 2 ccr,sp =
142 mm
284 mm
General remarks
According EOTA Technical Report TR 029, concrete cone, combined concrete cone and pull-out, splitting, pryout
and concrete edge design resistance must be verified for the anchor group. Steel design resistance must be
verified for the most unfavourable anchor of the anchor group.
According to the simplified design method given in this Fastening Technology Manual all anchors of a group are
loaded equally, the design resistance values given in the tables are valid for one anchor.
44
09 / 2012
Design example
Tension loading
Design steel resistance
NRd,s =
28,0 kN
29,9 kN
1,09
0,64
f1,N
0,99
c = 100 mm
ccr,N = 105 mm
c/ccr,N = 0,95
f2,N
0,97
s = 150 mm
hef = 70 mm
scr,N = 210 mm
s/scr,N = 0,71
f3,N
fre,N
0,86
NRd,p = N
N0Rd,c
Non-cracked concrete C50/60 fB
hef,typ = 110 mm
1,5
fh,N = (hef/hef,typ)
1,00
17,1 kN
32,4 kN
1,55
=
0,51
f1,N
0,99
c = 100 mm
ccr,N = 105 mm
c/ccr,N = 0,95
f2,N
0,97
s = 150 mm
hef = 70 mm
scr,N = 210 mm
s/scr,N = 0,71
f3,N
fre,N
0,86
N0Rd,c
Non-cracked concrete C50/60 fB
hef,typ = 110 mm
1,5
fh,N = (hef/hef,typ)
1,00
21,1 kN
32,4 kN
1,55
=
0,51
f1,sp
0,91
c = 100 mm
ccr,sp = 142 mm
c/ccr,sp = 0,70
f2,sp
0,85
s = 150 mm
hef = 70 mm
scr,sp = 284 mm
s/scr,sp = 0,53
f3,sp
fre,N
0,76
1,00
15,0 kN
09 / 2012
NRd =
15,0 kN
45
Design example
Shear loading
Design steel resistance
VRd,s =
V =
k
VRd,cp = k V0 =
70 mm
V0Rd,c
Non-cracked concrete C50/60 fB
100 mm
d=
12 mm
d=
12 mm
17,1 kN
11,6 kN
1,55
1,00
h/c = 1,00 fh
c/hef = 1,43
f4
s/hef = 2,14
0,82
c = 100 mm
hef = 70 mm
hef = 70 mm
2
34,3 kN
16,8 kN
1,28
fhef
c/d = 8,33 fc
hef/d = 5,83
0,97
0,67
12,3 kN
VRd =
12,3 kN
The following equation must be satisfied for combined tension and shear
loads:
1,5
1,5
(Eq. 1)
(N) + (V) 1
N (V ) ratio between design action and design
resistance for tension (shear) loading
According to ETAG 001, Annex C, the following simplified equation may
be applied:
N + V 1,2 and N 1, V 1
(Eq. 2)
(Eq. 1)
(Eq. 2)
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
N = NSd /NRd =
0,500
7,5 kN
V = VSd(1)/VRd =
N + V =
0,612
1,112
1,2
0,832
15,0 kN
VRd =
12,3 kN
( N)
1,5
+ ( V)
1,5
7,5 kN
NRd =
46
(1)
09 / 2012
Design example
09 / 2012
47