A HANDBOOK OF COMMON JAPANESE PHRASES Sanseido 4O MOOSGNYH V § SASVYHd ASANVdvf NOWWOD FDistuadnhe Ud Sey Kode Are so coin Ee by Kode arp {32 Ay London WC2R AT Poel y Kore Copyright 0 20 Semi Co Avg soe rtd pa CONTENTS [ie] EVERYDAY PHRASES. CONGRATULATIONS 4 Best wishes onthe bopning of «New Year Akomasie oma pctonane oan mo akewarinasen, ors one asia 40 ‘erase omedes, Kt die yoo. 41 jratulations on thls happy day Hoan omar gotinas. 41 seer erento eee eed Masui nogohaen inane arma 43 ‘Manu gohan o inate crimana. 43 Maruman folate note crim 3 Manumasu no goin ornanu 43 ‘Numi nara geo oor tcl. ‘Aan ga sigris 4 ekg to mat, Kko made mora, ‘ian no kro my irs omae ina, 8 Congratulations on the birth of your child Gsncan de medi oaimara, 45Cees, Ylugumbats wane 45 Kickin ga Kishi oo 46 ‘Okman ie yi radar ne Cistna ni nite, tora Kadai desu ne, 46 “Mohan hati sit ht aac da te, 48 eer ‘Thanks tocveryone, mother and child are both ine © Oger ce bs om nigel desu, 47 CONDOLENCES «6 Pease accept my condolences on this sd occasion ® Kone tebn phi posse. 8 Socks oh soja 39 rece Knas 19 Oph nko ob oan adit aris peer i twas sch shocking news that rushed right over ” Amar tenn ood, adore ode mihi. 50 Tk om i oho a, a gel data ‘bomen oisrerene imac do 30. oma ian de oink oa Secokath onaei no ae da Korara io lord i hon sanen don. 51 Gomer tshins 5L [Nano mishagee york warns 51 ‘lech wn tlds earn 22 "know this infil bat don't lt it getthebestofyou 52 (burda ga bo shila moh inated 52 ‘Ones wa gosto dep 52 ‘Anta altar shit ata hlon nasa Kar. 83 sag no ko ite ager. 53 ra yorinogotge dese 33 MAKING ASPEECH 5 dike to offers few wordsif may “ Hien putate aaa adi gosta earns ow Bar deena. St yo uri dene. 55 "hank you for aking timeout of your bury schedules tojoinustoday ss Honjauwa goai-hd outsmart alia rigs ‘susimaat 33 ms lari no, oan sah rgd Ame na oatunartadainatite aig oon, 56 nc mo unateps aaesaahbate Tina aorta a age pra 57 Hine quickly ne putes se Tih ttn wr haya mow deena 58 noice gonen mae. Sb (aon deco ho malar at ga emia jgo-non di, 38 Kacrnimansba ow hr inca. elu chin nar mina gh. 3 ata yarmsate oleate. 8 Fm ete eee a deinati. S8 GIFT-GIVING « isa poor thing, but. ry Thurman dup. 60 Kit ni dao omoimasite.. 61Mesos mo gvsimaen se. 61 ‘Ohacdahi nodes helo 6 taint der ele. 6 etoro bt noshin de pa... 61 Femay not beto your liking, but cs bach nin ka da... 62 ‘ich niu he dh, itor dca, 62 Wagaya dee ay dese ne de 2 Sena abr oem mo de. 68 Warahwohao-ryiriman de 63 [Nani gona dso mesa had 63 Ain mein adalera yo na moe gente. 6 Chae ina, Taher ghia deh Oishi aia, 63 Camntasama deh, 64 ‘Ata wa ume mon yo baw amma. 6 Thisisatokenofmy good wishes i Ona no Kh degosimacn 64 F ‘Ch hea moe den. 65 Kare mova cat lala ‘Thisis nothing special, butt happens tobe pecalty ofthe area came fro “6 Mex mo gcinaseg,watabshi-dmo no un no ‘akan deci “Thais very kindof you. 'm honored @ Korea goin nora. 67 own kt shit to mdse maa. 68 rte esr le dak ei drone ‘moma adele. 68 Ii shite mo de mo arms kaa. 8 Swede weeny mac sinast 68 Sovede mu yorakonde cia hima 68 ‘Okeroa hn i gina, 69 ‘Yow alwaysso very thoughtful. do apprecatit 70 iu boon adie ei oom, 70 Ii iu, inaen. 70 Isom mech mom aig sina. 70 Ket na mon cashier sims 70 I i ne adie TL Ie io atte adit suimase. 7 leo taal mati 71 Dena yoratonde 7 ‘mafeaid hardly deserve such kindness 2 Kaba na oath cha hina... 72 Gowine na aloerceshoadaonatee gyinas. 72 Son ug knna mono matali 73 ati era tamara oon, 73 ‘Ari raimans Saline adi, 3 Senin wane gino adkinaite, “ra cra 73 Serj moi aati ris Kab na akorstsho hide’ itsimasie, isha Nalaarnaia chsh mo. ook rato ADDRESSING SOMEONE 7 ong out m (uate donk. 74 Dacha i odetate det 75. x hota rok made. 75 Dew olf o tate 75 How areyou? 6 Galion age, 76 Okawari aime ha, 77Opel dew ha. 77 ‘Olena demo enki shiteimas. 77 kagome de 77 oben. 78 Sm aria ne. 78 ‘Atk arimacie ne. 78 ‘inn tnd ne. 73 Have you gota moment ~ ‘Chen idk. 79 (Chet ter inatitne dem gt. 72 ‘ima grag age deka 79 Shicar seme 6) Shirt deage. 80 sarees gh 80 ‘Shasta chine, 8 Oiome itemise arimaon desi. #0 ‘Semimason gt. 8 stallight if take this seat a Kechia st yorshidshka 81 Kesha it imate la 81 ‘Chora ence karen a. 82 osha oe, yore deka $2 Cnoreriman ge shh ota adskoa deh ts, 82 (oer alr had made cera £2 (hi-hat ome ishinas 83 velettoo much time pas since saw you ast » Dome gost pt oburemashie. 83 Shiba dite 84 Other de, 84 (ees otawersi a ere ‘Oana nae ed den 8 Opn de many 85 VISITING 85 ‘hope you get walsoon 8 einige oma. 85 aii nase kaa 6 Dok asesu nyo mae hus, 96 To naa yi de tee io yin Tdi 2 isha mo Koma deh egal desu. 87 ect mach better now that se you loking 0 well o Ogenki na de win shimaita. $7 Dirasinasie ta, &7 aga dear 88 Siumatshiemasi, Alara Kemah de ne, ‘Mado Kare on esi ge youu mice, arbre sna ne 88 Ma shia shin dara, si de gabe “ina 6 Dyan matte eonrtewaemsen y#9 Omen nara de gu maga a desir mapas Be hin dei Rt naa tina ar... 99 la npn dean ‘The was certainly an unexpected misfortune 0 Toda sina dite nt. 50 ‘ikl shite td imate yo, 90 Toten de he deste, De dai nitrate man (hg sg aie hat nc ety mate omic sae det 80 i Gof des. Ona deta ht gatas, nan de me sat veer miWah modi agi oy tats shina kara 9 (chiar narra, onde moc nak osha ada 31 Wererealy ost without you 2 Anat nai ons i koma, 92 Sola manda prt shina dt yo. 82 Torn tho urs no na naj Chia nds, 53 ‘Mion demo isi a abit eg, appar Ti deaf nuhauo han gaat m3 Mata omiman yore moraimasu. 4 ‘You wereverykindtcomeand sce me. Thank you “ Gti na mia tad aig oimasia, 4 Sao no ci aig gaia. 34 ‘Anat oko i dae de reat ge wae ae 78 ‘Oo mitra dak de resin koro aka ade aratgonimase 98 Ninh tant a bora aid ooimashi Yue ida woe mariah, 95 Minar gomenare oat sas 95 ph kl sal re oo seat ae "mo args a-ha maskin 98 How good of yout come! 9% Yao ode udaainacita. 96 Iuhainas 97 Omach ite ria. 97 Ken mtenesrat, 97 oki made marimasita mon de. 97 ise ge hada 98 isn ra nate hd 98 ‘Nani mo goeinasen pu dz gor, 98 Dis oma nai 38 ‘Dio oz ma. 98 Trumarana mono deg 9 olor bar no mone do a, 99 LEAVING 9% Ob Jookat the time! » ns koja, 99 Made oo arimaenk, 10 {et ater nage hiaimad, 100 soa temo tsi do 10) ‘Amar nage hime wate gomevat atime “aa ie domme. TOD tadal-dch de mshi eames gx, sre tom 6 Ibvish had more to fferby way of hospitality o Naw nomotonshmodtinan de... 1 Non oa i dle de 02 Naw oatio mo gaia de, 12 Kjdenlat gmewokao cat shinai 102 chi mata xc dsi. 103 (Chia ch te bite a 103 Kondo rasaru okt wa mow goa si ite ads 103 relive mo falda o mit ada 103 Korea lain chobholw aa kaa. 103 okie, 103 [MAKING REQUESTS 101 "hope that you wl favor me with your guidance andadvice 104 asi ote tamara nea iting 1H {sheep rumor degosias m dkage oa ds yrs gods ui 8 ong eto aku pnb or de iment. 104 [Nadu wn mmo de ois ar, do kone ‘etomo gc go cima og mth ‘gona 10.ct mn dep hog toe yrs gris ‘ada. 5 Korea suc mina itaa, isit ops tamara Kor kar ‘atmisigema 18 ‘Mada meio oboe rite mando de ri nur mma ns chiara dia ne ‘mohegan 108 Make itso.) Say hello ete 106 ood. 106 isn yori one shimass. 108 ssn ori 107 His yoo. 17 orion shina 108 Alowa yori yee 108 "havea bigfavor task you 108 Hoa none deli aa me eines node... 108 CONSENTING TO AREQUEST 10 Pm happy tobe of service ho Yoroonde wate deinen, 10 ‘Opatcungira yan staan 10 Ipu eds. Watashi de ere, orokonde iki ‘imac: 10 kaenarana onto no otanam ds ara, 110 Kona ot deo onus der ar oon. 11) Opus de 1 Dolo me goin zr he waar der kar ‘sumenaindaimen, We a ori ioe shin Kt wi shina od, ‘shire gras Kuda. 112 ‘Only becauseitisyou who'sasking Mm Hla nerama anata no tna desu mono. 112 ara de okt, ortonde 112 Watashi te mara, ork. 12 pa nth a waarinasn pi 113 Opus gop dey. 13 ‘Sinatra idem ohare hadsarab ink 113 ‘Grune nc sumer de bo wats noma ada 113 REFUSING A REQUEST 114 "reget that ant be of any help ue ‘chiar arnt cone de 114 Opal tena samen do 115 Wath i gn omni 115 (Chiara de temo gyi i cht deli nme Oikinkedhtemo ee mins govt baer dakedeneno de 113 Kono ata ktm shite kus 116 PERSUADING 116 ‘There'sno time ke the present 6 Zoo ige 116 ano ge aw nbs 117 (Omer ticiinw 18 Have you thought it overt ue nace date, 18 eno en, ange ademas ka 118 Reno end armas 118 Reino ken ids 119 Fema maser ip um ny. 120 ‘Mena nak tara wt 120Has your situation improved atalllatly? 0 Son go goigsw ag de 120 Terps one ts de, 0, og “hag dew tn 120 aon bh hit ohne mo odes og got age Then 121 ing at eg pe warate 21 Ir tng mo ork soja. -. 12 ‘Seas hia ohane ates oH de iy nies ‘STATING AN OBJECTION = Something's ot quite ight a ‘Nan hig fra 12 Soret machi re 128 ‘Souder omer Lampe a de. 12, ‘Nan chigma 123 Dio cig a 124 Chats hen 124 ‘Stop trying to standin the way m4 Ashiaippara no wa yee ada, 124 ‘aki ipa yn ata yon kas 125 Mohorgr dn 125 kagor of sitekado 125 Ages tru, 126 ‘iho nia 125 may sccm mpi for mesa this 126 sik ohh de shiner Kono sa Kian na misigemans 2 Kono hal hed 127 Eye ma tte dei oa no tune om ‘meine 1 probably jusslipped your mind but. 128 Tr lar nasi omna pt. 126 yeh marinate do mci ga 128 MAKING EXCUSES AND DENYING RUMORS 151 or fear of intruding Pm afeid ve fallen outoftouch 131 yo ga buat nate hia, 13 “ours hinga laze sie wa gor oma ey ‘hte 13 Yarn 132 Smee dake de mo ite urea? 133 {dno sch hing Mi nied mom 133. empha mo na ke da, 134 Milan dee sabi 134 Avatar ui ww a 198 CRITICIZING 135, Pnspeechles! ‘ita kchfisgrana 138 ‘Akt mom ge 136 Ii naioangoeeirv no be 136 ‘Mote shina Wath iin a ak thr awa na 187 shows alck of breeding Soh gear 138 rion pera a Ko fashion aj 139 Sonn orang a da 139 Opnosctn no wantimond ni die nok 139 Sanam angutra dna, 140 asHe knowsallthe answers 10 ‘Avia 140 ach dae wa sha mys da, 40 Mig oa der. 10. Kuch ge horns 1 ach kara aki nse Kit yb 141 PRAISING 12 1 det recognize you 10 One shisha 142 Michigaes 143 Derelarwomora, 143 Senge da e144 Hes trulya man ofhonet character us Takeo mata copes don ne 134 Urmomote oni, 145 Urmomote vendita. 46 Kagchinata nomi, 46 agent moore, 96 [REACTING TO PRAI ‘You're just being polite 6 Ojisu ne 46 Kah ge umai147 Ojisueie 168 eeu wun 148 Mats oma ou bar oshate 8 amet oi ohn ttn yo. 148 ‘owe this enuely to Me Fukuda 18 ‘tei Fda buchd no lage dene 49 Kimi tach neha iat lage da, 150 Ses da ne enol g mimes wash wed 0 Nain ori’ di 50 ore mo ohn yak 15) Fike nat bos ye. 151 EXPRESSING THANKS Si You've beena great help twas very kind of you 11 Gh ie ati, Olga de “Nanoha m one dew arimaten, 153 Goshinesu a cuore. 133 um own nina 183 vebeen wanting one fora longtime ss Moe ara basi women tsa, 153 Watashi ge sion kt, ok waka wa e154 Macaroni tana. 138 Mac ara mitt ame nd 183 ‘Mac kare ikitaiomote ttre yo, 155 Mac har ite mia tomate na 138 APOLOGIZING 86 "im prepared to do whatever is required tomake amends 156 ‘hana ume amor de gona, 156 Nanae no hoo ima wa simas 137 accept fll responsibilty for this 18 Warsh nfl no ator deposi 158 Matera sojiman. 138 Watashi no foc, an na ot naimasie ‘machina posi 139 Perris de mish esis. 158Irate dona 0 tahini shiva ‘sina 13 Summon desir oom 159 sory about al hess ea itshimashin Gomer naa 160 atiwake arimase deh. 160 Gomes oaks. 161 How thoughtless of me Watashi its te. 161 ‘Wath hie gsi 162 Wait shia oe ga Kigatkinaen de. 162 Wath sits ste tasasie 162 Wash fo sia ne ga fonda acinar, 162 ‘Pm sory youd to witness sucha disgraceful display niger ttre ome ni akematite. 163 (tii oor oie se shiimashia. 68 BYE BUSINESS PHRASES BUSINESS CALLS: OPENING STRATEGIES 166 My name's Brown. How do you dot ‘Hajimemacie Brean tsi, 1s Hajime ome karan Burau © shinasi. 167 HajmemachteYemato hij no Burau de osimac. 187 ‘Pmsorrytobother yout busy time ‘Oacgi tor once 167 ‘Ogu ok oan ashimashte.. 168 Waar ate tadimahe hye zion 168 igen deh dee kare. 158 Tahen oman shinai 169 ogee many do 169 “To get down othe business at hand v0 Sosoladesu ga. 170 ‘Sol de hj kage... 17D Tei i mahigoman 170 Maz hun har aia 9. 17 Niet ado ena uk gi, 171 Sonar rein en ohansh ha a ominas gh. 17 BUSINESS CALLS: CLOSING STRATEGIES 172 "lke to lok nto thisand come baceand try agin. 172 Ken shi dense sina 172 jam hima 172 cht na oie ait oasiashi Sao “nly asia asta deat arin 173 ons en bebe i arash Kee oe i ‘dob hima node ono tome ors grads ‘ado 73 Devt ah wi demo gore ast 173 teare lacie kr deen sina 174 ‘Anata ct in ake, TA BUSINESS CALLS: RECEIVING VISITORS 17 Hello. Mr. Watanabe, ofcourse m Irsshaimase, Watanabe sana de gsi ne. 174 Tanah opi shina 7S Shirl dea ga, deci deans ha 7S Shire desu ge 7S Watanabe rama de pecans ne. Kahonarinitg, 176Watanabe sade enim ne machi shite rims, 7 Pardon me for aking Shire deg 177 ‘Sts deg dha dehiasc ha 177 ‘Sil des dv aon ds 177 ‘Sur du elas doo dae tine dk 177 ‘Siw wp ona de ainanha 177 Ona at Gaye? 178 iin dre deka 178 Yat dete. 178 hin alot vr nog iu deg po degosiman ka 179 Sorry to put you tothe rouble of coming w» Opiate hina. 179 Sonoma baat onan biti dom. 180 ‘Omura Diz cine. 18 ‘Ober dea Sm age dea 180 Sova ates nnarinaite. 180 ‘Woorac gsr mii isi goin Eno yor or dla oat rain 181 tok too deb 18 ONTHETELEPHONE ‘Weappreciateallthat you've done for us 2 Teme xr i ators. 182 COmatiearkimasita 183 Maid sen nae ora 183 Shire dong, name. 183 ‘Shir dew go, dhs deh ka 184 Shite deg 184 Comebien h ih "Let meturnyou overto the person in charge ofthat os Tint mine thine Shin mach kad 18S. Shira omech da 16 {mafeaid we seem tohavea bad connection 16 dea gay deg 186 Owrermas tm sesh tna hoe dona tadalemas rag Osman um oi utr ohana ademas ‘i Maina szsimase ere go maa iy des gh... 188 ‘She'savay from her deskat the moment 8 Tada oo het oraz 186 Tada giao ie oman ga. 189 Ona enna saigeass 190 Ouahiaenakere godongn letamawarimars, 190, Tasker garimaite. 150 Shah eran storing. 190 1m sorry for callingout ofthe be lik this 1 Oder de size ow zoning gt. 192 Towicen no nn dehy espe. 192 (rte nap ge genase 192 ‘Sha cme ka or hana cima gs, 192 Pmsorry tobe caling so late ss Yabun xt camevinens. 153 Yabun wi ooirinane. 19 buena oor osoreinas. 194 Kenna an yates mosinae gina. 194 abun wemnep tashimasit 19S EXPLANATIONS, APOLOGIES, EXCUSES 195 eto unavoidable circumstances 195 andor de. 195Choro mon pa shinai. 1% ‘ink emo ge ossimasie 198 “oie ia nt at ool ones ima 197 Pm afeid have task your indulgence 1 ‘Oki en mo kao sofia. 197 (Gordan sy ni mara to cojatie 198 Sermon ye de yak desu 138 ‘Show cert ne rep ogre asi 198 ‘Soe are re iia 198 Sete ana tm tt ata ke coisa gt 198 ‘Wedd absolutely everyting we could but = Deki date no koto wa hte ds ge. 199 app te eashimai ge. 198 Some i date demo ited. 200, ‘Ymafraid you've put your inger ont 201 itor a takarmasi, 200 Mas fsa ga mondten de arimadie... 201 Sur got dew. 201 REQUESTS 202 Could youspare meal of your time? om. ‘Chon ian ademas ha 202 ich na tn otal rig guinea. 203 Kono ne solu tashinemaca mde jan Hadas en) Mo ah ote adakomasu ta, 206 ‘m sorry to pat you tothe trouble 204 ‘te oe sian, 204 Osierimaas ge 205, (tenia shinai. 205, Whatever ittakes 26 Sekoonanihe.. 206 Kon dake wo i... 207 Nantes tater. 207 Corel iedlera to 207 Whenever isconvenint for you 208 Gov iawn 208 ov yor ho oie dase. 208 ata doa Nake gg teu non gt geisha. 208 Moni naib are 208 ow ge orice 208 Yeon ada 209 Yooh hikari, 209 Yori okies ong hima, 208 Sorry to spring thison you but 20 Tooaze de mara dake. 210 gu thon oma’ da ad... 210 Totmcen de mina nag. 210 Mend na oe tang 210 Ki dente akon! ot dara, 211 Goturd de 212 Trident den dog... 222 ‘CONSENTING TO A REQUEST: 212 However poor my forts may be a Opobacnagara 212 ‘Bola mapa. 213 tora or marcha cose g 23 Yuktadoara tors arts imag. 213 Washi de ole, yortonde.. 214 psu gpsdons 214 ‘Siu tds, ek omatve ads. 214 temo whatcha 214REFUSING A REQUEST 214 ear with me histime a4 Karn sto, 214 ‘Wath domo to hacia oe ipa no tar degecaimasie = 218 ok on dant 215 eho oan oda deo ha. 206 mate of company poley 26 ‘Sha no shin de node. 216 Sella dug. 217 (Chet acai de ne. 217 Kath nachanashi te omoinaey 2.217 pa itachi no yamsyoma des. 217 Iti oneal ge. 218 To i wee enero de gosiman gt... 218 Goji nah shina ge. 208 Isthatan onder? valet 18 ‘Sie ma grime dea. 208 Kono lore ichdo ache ovina, 220 WITHHOLDING COMMENT 220 Onmyownauthority 220 Wath no ichion de... 220 Tan mone de a oho detinaten, 221 aden katarno mono toate marinas, 22. ena mono wan thinacie sata goer ‘himane 222 ‘take itint consideration m2 Kent hina, 222 Se hen isha. 222 Kent ete tatiana 223 oil ene Re ahi ge. 223 ‘Gojgo no Kw etait. 223 Gotten en want recs 2 Leas at nd ace whet happen: 2 Sushi so ie rimashs. 224 Chon pending nso. 225 ano sal mama. 225 EXPRESSING DISAGREEMENT 26 Withall due respect, 26 (loihe dem primase 225 Sashie gums do gh 227 Kea twa o acu wate de wa srimain > 227 ‘certainly predate what you're saying mm ‘ssa oo wa yok warns 27 (kid yo warm 28 adh sna da oi. 28 stars oto gomotiome de. 28 Ta son rd nj 229 (Okano ope then beni wi armas, 230 Iowonderif night aka question 20 Hit shsmon shite orn dha, 230 ‘Chote ors desk. 230 Mum, f niin deg 231 Wath hatin tachi de 231 Mona-to gu itt arimar 231(Givin structions 2 “There’sone lite thing that bothers me m (hot nina’ da ge. 22 Yotueica.» 232 Mt yar nal mono kana 283 Yosh ato veg yar 236 Makesuretocheckit a ‘Chen chal htt, 234 [Rejabshoe cis tnomareta, 235 jot ils are 235 Saja cheb tote. 235 Hoo Karas occlu d 238 Kin baa shite avert 238 Apootaroe. 26 ituchore mote lave 236 ‘lacy kang, 236 Of rts shia. 236 Putyourheart int it 26 Kiviraeyate hee. 236 Hogesho ete yak. 236 Kitoirae ita 237 Kiokitahinee it 237 Mor ia ete rane dame ja nila, 27 Kiochira 237 Kiomatu, 28 Kiomiteina 238 REPRIMANDS 238 You, ofalpeople ae Broun mo an mana 238 Kowa mio ideas ow yen me omawanalae ys 20 iin tsurola whoo wd je aa 240 youkeep this up 0 ome ae ga cut yar. 200 Konkave hajimee da ara kata nag... 241 Kimi sume hoa ign at atu ka, 241 Hokano lt m onna tid oteitn 24 Yara andar ym monte mi 0, 282 abi carte mae ne dan. 242 Mobaisha lara 242 ‘ying you're sorry wont cat ae ‘Sumimasn desu omaha. 242 Iam kana a 24 Nano ove shige yer dl. 288 made ma hin na mort dena pm. 243 APOLOGIES 24 ‘There'no excuse for what ve done a ‘Kaen sabe mogssinan. 244 Leip maaan. 244 (One node 248 lek gram dens 244 nara ide gouinan. 244 Ment eran. 26, Mento shia ma gociaten. 245 ‘ana guamara haa ima dens 208 Datos kde 245 acpi kadaat 26 Our mistake 6 Wtatah-domo motes de. 246 Teh ga gvanimate 247 Kigetalena ore dehie 208 FPasyaltdsi de mihinak eines, 248‘ilgobacktosquareone Tei ara demain. 299 Tear rinaoiman 219 akin goer yarns, 250 CONFIRMATION 250 Asyouknow Coskichne yb. 250 Gounaina yoni 251 Just to make ure ve got this ight Nex no tame i otzun shines ge. 252 ‘Watashi n omovies shrmasen go 254 (Che ini marten gaa ode ge 254 SALESTALK 254 Didyou ket ‘Gomanssk tadashi ha 285 Dis, otamesi ada 2. Tag deka OR mimesis ha. 255 (Oimer deh ba. 256, Wellgiveyous good peice Benya itadakinasi. 257 Opa ite okay. 257 Train lama oma 258 Cohn aka nate oimas. 258 ‘Otaku ni nate rina. 258 Kone onan deh oaione dea. 258 (OFFICE VERNACULAR 259 Good mornin: ‘Okay geaimara 259 ‘Otay 260 Good work rains deta, 261 (Colarsaa dei, 261 (sak rs hina, 262 Onulare-sema de 22 snot quite what shouldbe iach de, 268 Iman ima son aa, 264 Siu 264 Tadashi. 264 Thisisjut Berneen us Koko dake wo hana deg. 265 Ofer dug 266 ola gob imi 286 Koko de hana bmn fh. 268 Dare mimo hanehiman Kr tact de. 267 ‘Thankyou Um sorry/ Pardon me Ks de 267 Misia rimaso. 269 ngtvRomat Index. 270 267PREFACE Ione version ofan old story, prim arrives ata monastery high in the mountains and is granted permission to spend the night, there. Over an austere mel wit isos the visitor discovers that, ‘inorder toa preserve a meditative atmosphere and discourage idle chatter, the monks ake a minimalist approach to communicating with one another, relying on numbers aher han words. A diferent ‘number hasbeen assigned to each message that might foreseeably reed to beexprescd 12 means "Good evening Brother,” 27 means “asthe brown rc” M means “You'e dragging your seve inthe yakbuter”and so rth that dinner conversation tthe mon {tery consis of noting more than the occasional quietly intoned numerical euphemism. The vitor marvels ‘When the meal is over and the head monk has retired for the evening, one ofthe younger monks stands up at his plac, glances round him, and recites number diferent fom those the new: comer ha ovethear ofr. The respons ina wave of que chuckles: This the visitor given to understand, was joke. Another young monk rises and utters anew number, which is also greeted with subdued but appreciative laughter third young monk eagerly rises and recites yt another number, but this one lcs an embar- assed lence, “What was wrong with tha ke!” the visor whispers to one of hishosts. "rs mot the joke" he's informed, “e's the way he tod it” Fora of people who apne to communicate in Tapanese (the ‘ones who arent bora tot), dinner wih the monks isan apt meta ‘hor for many of thei rea fe encounters with dhe language. Any Student of apanese whoever tried invtn to decipher an every ay exchange Between native speakers can probably identify with the clues vstorin this dell old ale, Those who fel they've at- tained a certain eel of competence in Japanese only o find their sfforts to communicate falling at when i's time to stand and diver, can probably also sympathize with that hapless hid monk. But what brings the aforesaid joke to mind in the ist paces the tendency of Japanese speakers to rly on acommuna stockpile of orthodox expresions—common phases—tht perform esentlly the same function as those aumbers the monks were quoting over lone. arly on in my own education in Japanese (a proces that just ght conclude in time forthe colonization of Uranus). witnessed something that alerted me othe prominent role eered for ortho dx phraseology Iwas during my frst few months in Tokyo long, before could realy speak the language, andthe outfit Iwas works ing for was hosting daytime gathering to celebrate the opening of ‘new branch. Other than me almost everyone in attendance was Iapanese, except for foursome of busines school types rom the United Sates who had apparently sneaked out of anofce upstairs where they were working a interns forthe summer, Before the rinks were served, we all ad to stand around ina big ctcle and introduce ourselves—in Japanese, naturally Asi happened, the MBA boys from uptais were wp fst and wae moe tan curious to see what they sy especialy since did yt know hoe to introdace myelin Japanese. The fest American cruised through ihe ad ‘the ouine down prety wel hough. {was amused, though when the second one simply repeated the exact words spoken by the guy efor him, changing any the name, When the ther tv Americans followed suit, rating ofthe very sme phrase thei claps had wed I lanced around tose ifany ofthe Japanese gusts ound this, sy sid Far from tc Init, toa man his was an alla ath ring, which should suprise noone) they ll introduced them selves using exactly the same phrase—s0 [did oo By theme myturn ame around | had my introduction dwn cld—Baren ou Doyo ong Sims vse teem of comely,’ pety art imagine ss dn Engh speaks irocing hemes aha, gine sey ame words Tht puns speak do sou mae SUES oy pump heey ilerent res hat word can eer tReent cours but ao hls immediate impition ‘eXtoone sting oto mnt Jopnes Remeber hat ie! testament ae ol h begining Thera fen ot expen hat harebecome entrenched Feet pug roupr enon reption dare nw all Ii amracaleplyed in ceva station and xchange ibook inte the Enplihnguge rede inside a ore howto bows wrod and samp thst he enor of covensona panes epson i304 ery lar ave seater tha ae phases oe ef 27 “Taeyanns antec ego pp no prio the ole cata othesintnn ch ht cade ps Nv Ferma tn inthe apne wring wo whe ea Seman ar pps communion fhe poe fr Sry testo Bed in conceit ipa wind eh eid neti ong on Tey are whe tandad pres foment “Sanu nde ith mpaons que ond he rech creSrsedrbanl buts baron is eon «ne wi bet wun om en ele Seca ame sid sce onward when soe ofthe more aE nese nl Tat bt book fo: To p> ‘ee ead og wb werkt pace snes worth ES Sghy pica and scaly appropeesundac paee carrer onthe jborin ested statins ar aan “sith sro anos in which hee epesins ibe motu To get an ida ot how and why the particular selection of com: mon phrases ame to be presented—the list ofered here isa fom ‘thaustive—and to understand the specie perspective frm which these recommendations on usage ise, i wil help o know some: thing of his book'origins. In 1992 the publishing fm Sanseido pt out aJapanese-lan- age volume entitled Kimari Monk no Jten of“ Dictionary of Common Phrases” It wasn't ely a dictionary, buta handbook of language etiquette. As uch, it was apparently intended for thee cation of younger Japanese readers (younger than the authors, thats) whose formal schooling might prepare them to build better mouse pad but very ikely didnot, a lest in the autho ‘timation, equip them withthe language ensiblities needed to negotiate routine socal formalities answering the phone, pre- senting someone wth gt, apologizing fran indiscretion wth therequisitlevel of politeness and decorum, To rectly these inade- «quacies and provide new generations of Japanese speakers with the means to conduct themselves in a duly gente nd socially accom- modating manner, Kimari Monk no ten offered a catalogue of standard phrases recommended fr use in particular situations, together with a detailed consideration of various situations calling fora degre of politesse that can be expected to arse in the ord nay ie ofan adult Japanese society In surprising numbers, young people in Japan ser to embrace the notion that they ned specie guidance from their elders on how to speak their own native langage in onder to qualify ax phrase logically upright, etguete-savy, grown-up members of ocey ‘Tha, at any rte, would be one way to interpret the wide eader- ‘hip enjoyed by language- improvement books such a Sanseido's Kimari Monta no fren Some ofthis apparent concer foe ening ‘to ming one’s language doubtless rises from the anxiety lot of young people fel about entering the work force and the pressing ned to poses th rg tool for succes in business ome esr36 took it turns out is. fality for employing all the right "busi peste expressions when onthe ob. To addres thisspecife need, Kimari Monk no ten included an extensive ist of phrases espe lly suitable for use by busines people reflecting above all he particular concers and specialized envionments of ]apanese cor: porate care “The Sanseido book caught he ee ofthe editors of Koda ne rationals Power Japanese sere who rlzed that with ertain mod ications, guide wo Japanese langage etiquete—even oe originally written for native speakers—would have much to offer advanced ‘Tents ofthe lngusge end igh hold appeal for other readers as ‘wl including people no quits along inthe study of aan. “And itcame about that, in 1996, was commissioned to transform the contents of Snseie's Kimani Monk feta something more comprehensible or atest more presentable) readers of English. ‘The st fut ofthis undertaking, comprising a scaled-down eta Jue of lapanese phrases for wen cveryday ie were published by Kodansha International in 1997 under the le Common Japanese Phrases. A second volume bse on the same sure eid Common Japanese Buns Pras, was published the followin yest. This book, which combines the contents ofthe later two vol- lames, was put together with two different group of readers in ‘mind. The fist group consists of people who already have a pretty firm grasp of the mechanic of Japanese grammar and the basis of sage who ace fuiliar with the structural inflections associated. with varius levels of polite, honor, and humble language, and trho have acquired amore or ls uncon Japanese vocabulary ‘None of thee points is explicitly addr heeft all this book's source was written fr native speaker of Japanese, whose mastery ‘ofthe fundamentals was never in question Readers who have this ind of baie grounding inthe language—or who ate way beyond thebisice vl find wiole grea chunks of highly useful phraseology hereto fil gap ino lend authenticity tothe command of Tapanse they already posses, at wel ar a wealth of insights nd observations ‘eqarding the socal and psychological contexts that help determine judgments about appropriate usage “The other group whose interests thi ook wil serve is made up of peopl who dont know any Japanese to speak of and aren't about to uckethe whole project now. These readers might be loking for Some pthy phrases that wil impress thee frends in Japan or tht they can of round th fice orn th boardroom-—tokep the ‘opposition of balance oto kep thei Japanese clleagus fend wondering much they rly understand, There's plenty in these ages to suit those purposes to, with the add benefit of expe ratios ofthe rxpomss these phrases can ordinarily be expected to el. Asfor the tanlaton itl, ve red opt everything ito more or lesenatural-sounding American English, foregoing any literal Ascoding ofthe components ofa phrase or sentence in favor of fathl rendering ofthe sense or meaning ofthe whole To some ‘exten ve ted approximate in English the degre of formality, politeness, o sl -depeecaton thats xpi inthe fapaness, bat only have suceeded in thos cases where the reader's seme of thee elusive qualities happens to coincide with my own, Japanese ex pressions that contain what ate considered exclasively female of ‘exclusively male speech forms ae designated by the symbole D and 18, respectively. The conventions fort ‘hose observed in Kodansha Internationals Power lapance serie, ‘The pages of his book are replete with suggestions, exhort tions, and admonitions to employ this expresion rather than that ‘nein order to achieve a certain retina given circumstance, Taken together, these prescriptions reflect a distinctive outlook oa an- que and human interaction, not 10 mention the busines world, ‘hat originates withthe authors ofthe original woek of whch this ‘eandation, not with me ve done what could tj ail iy hete and there sa means of counterbalancing some of the morestrident pronouncements inthe original text but anybody who's looking for surefire inet ring doen the hose na dining room fallof Zen monks is entirely on his or her own, {Ym grateful again to Michael Brase of Kodansha International for hisall but superatural forbearance and pespcacous counsel and «specially fr preserving an ethusiasn during the long wait before ‘he dan, Fm also rate to Shigvoshi Suzi for his comments and assistance, offer my heartfelt thanks to my dear friend Thu Nona foe he unflaging encouragement, my inexhaustible thanks again and always to the great Tom Gal and my deepest hanks and love to Kaori Yashito for precious aid and inspiration, Joh Brennan Fanwary 2002 EVERYDAY PHRASESCONGRATULATIONS Best wishes on the beginning of a New Year buRLeBOTLITEVET. ‘Akemashite omedet gosimas est wishes on the beginning ofa New Yer. “Thisisthe standard expression for greeting people forthe fist ie in the New Year, the celebration of whichis the most significant an ceremonially observed holiday period inthe fapaese calendar. ‘A complete formal New Yeu’ greeting begins with these words fd continues with an expesion of gratitude forthe other per- Sons Kindness or patronage) over the course ofthe previous yest Inte asiRRg IZED ELIS Kyinen-ha aos ni arias [appreciate your Kindness throughout the past yer. “The speaker then express the hope thatthe New Year wl se the continuation of good relations, communicating this desire inthe form ofa request AM GMM LOT, LAL CBMULLLETS “Honnen mo aikorimese,yorshy ong eshimasu humbly ask your continued favor the coming ear. Even such formal geting howeer, wll hae the hollow ing of memorized formula if your delivery i rushed or ifthe words are tossed off in a monotone ti esetia to deliver your greeting at ‘measured pac, be atntive to the reply and how once respect fall upon conchding the gesting. Among fiends fom whom an extended and formal New Yeu’ sctng would sound sited and unnatural a shorter and ess for ‘mal alternative is prefered BURLTBOTLI, FHRLIZESLK. “Alemashteomedet,Kotachi mo ds yorshiu. Happy New Year! Don't forget me this yer w eth general rend is toward les formality, this an exellent opportunity to represent yoursel asa solid, seriows perio ope plein your neighborhood fr example, ort higher-aps atthe afi, byextendinga srupulously proper formal New Yea’ geting, Aesribed above. These few phrases, skilfialy executed, cold act ally help to restore a ls than impeceabl public image, if nee be. ‘Afterall New Yeats times the season for making fresh stats. The key to making good impresion i the delivery: enuncite each word cleanly to the very end ofthe areting, ishing with a crisp ne itashimas The big finish ea wae crowd plese. Congratulations on this happy day KNBR CLIZIVET, Hoi wa ome osama Congratulations on this happy dy. Fora guest attending a celebration or special event—a wedding, Pano or dance rectal pary celebrating the publation of ook ‘commemorating the founding of acompany—thi standard on ratulatory greeting ithe very Rrst thing to say tothe hots oo ny ofthe participants in the event. ‘When you atend celebration or sila event your primary social duty io express your hearteltcongatltions-—amdet>—to the appropriate people By using this expesion when grecting You hosts at the reception table or the envanceway, you carly identify youself as an invited guest This paves the way forthe ep ‘which slikely to be something on the order of HYMEITAVET. BAVOTTH, CHOEIAME BMOUELES. Aviat gosimasu, Osorno, ack gokicho one ‘ashi “Thankyou very much May trouble yout sig the guest bok, Pease? Depending onthe orion gus at lertion mayest en nate ith he dard emptor expen ome an commu une of al aon hen pe widhoe ater Hayy New ere Aerie Sri ran th ve ede ann cb 2 pea comer wy et op Yo de now, fend apres ou verti ade at ot tot otomatialy ed fo the oe completed bine of tna inrodcone Inet ou here bee ado make oor ge aspect suc cenyou shoulda your ema han eas Hed pwewscsoEh Mina-sino, mode gosta Ladies and gentlemen, Loe my congratulations. “This has two distinct advantages: it propery communicates your 00d whe tal those semble, ant also serves matie that you {re now ging to speakand everyone should pipe down and listen wp. May even greater success lie ahead RFRTOCRMEN THIET. ‘Masumasu no gohaten inte oimasi May een greater sucess lie ahead, This expresion maybe employed on celebratory acasons ike the founding ofa new business enterprise, the opening of new etd lishment r the winning ofa prize ofan election, anit ean bo apply toa commemorative event such asthe tenth anniversary of ‘rm’ founding I servesas a standard ending fora message of on gatulaions a sort of doting sate, When extending congratulations forthe succes ofa busines, ‘he word haten (itera, “developmen,” but transate here a sce” and inthis wage preceded by the honoife preix 9) is frequently replced with sch words a8 ane ("prosperity"), oF ven karsipok ("activity or ek *suces")—all of which must be preceded by the honorific go. Thus, for such occasions any ofthe foloring variations are alo appropriate: LF ATOCRMEHOTRIET, ‘Masuasu no gohan’ inte vimasu May even greater prosperity lie ahesd. EVES OCBMEM TEEN, ‘Masunasy no gokatsiyaku o note orimas “May even moe enterprising activity ieahead EPRTOCMMEM TRIED, Masunasu ne oso int vias May even greater sucesieahead, To congratulate an individual on his or her personal scomapla ent, ou wll evergo wrong with he old standby:ATITOCRMEMOTBDET. Masumasu no goatteno inate ovimasi May even greater suces ahead. For abusinestlated occasion itis een once in one's rematls some words of praise for the efforts of thos involved I yo are ofering congratulations on the progres or sucess of a Particular company, for example, you applaud the hard work of the sain, “all the employes (everyone up to, bu nt includ ing the sacha of “presden") Fortis purpose the allowing ae ef ALSO BIECMBOWRE: [Nami naran odor to gokard mo Kb to ‘As avesult of your extraordinary efforts and hard work. WM SRORTAEMAT IDET Yamada mo thd nwa ata ge saparimast "bow my head to your ability to get the job done, Mr Yamada, WN -Aeboe, CERCRM LTT. ‘Shainin mai koko made movtatet ‘llth employes, working together a one, having brought you this ‘A great deal of importance i tached to recognizing the di. ‘ence and the sarfes af employees and to expesing a sense of. “empathy Ifyou convinlngly demonstrate an understanding ofthe struggles and had work tit precd the dy’ clebratin, you ae likly to win the hearts of he celebrant In ation, i impor tanto communieate your own pease over the accomplishments ‘of those being honored This i perhaps best done in simple and rect language ain: I rDzLOLIEINLBocTvET, bun kato wo pare move mas fee as happy ai myself had achieved your great succes In any case, whether at the end of your remarks or the beginning, You are expected to offer words of encouragement an to empha sive you expectations or he fate Congratulations on the h of your child CkmCBO CLIT EET, Goanzin de omedetd goosinasy, Congratulations om the birth of your dd, This isthe standard formal expression for congratulating the mother ofa newborn baby o any ofthe immediate family Such congrats lations are traditionally regarded s fling within the domain of ‘onserstion among worsen —the mother ofthe cid an he female ellovishers Inthe past it was customary to wait unt the mother Fd completely ecovre from the delivery (up to month or 50 fer the acta birth) to call on her and offer congratulations but, these day elictous sentiments are commonly expressed let for ‘nally, usually over the telephone. A rypcal example of informal ‘ongratultions rom woman might go BOTED, KUMAM ot bia, BoC IREIROT, HK RSEROMERATE SIEVE, Omar. Yl gamba vn ne. Yulara oyasume haya kachan no kao omit chodal ne Congratulations! I must have ben ard. Take good care of your elf and lt us the Baby rea soon! 6When you see the new baby forthe irs tim, youl be expected to note a specific resemblance to one parent or the other, or perhaps to remark on some praiseworthy facial feature. In this situation, ‘he fllowing expressions may come in handy. HRLMAD ELT, BALED. B Kuchinot ga krit site, oie. ‘Looks like ite an inteligent baby, with that determinedook ing mouth BHP AT, PELEMMTD A, D ‘Okasoms ni ite, yrs na kaodachi ne. Shelookelikeher mother, with those gate features. BLISECMT, BOLOMECTD, B ‘Oxsama nin, ookorashi kandaci des ne. looks likehis father, with those masculine features. HALE HL EDLC. Lomb AMEE, B Mehanadachiga hab shits shit! shit acho da ka ‘Such in fentred lite fce, That's certainly hel look ing hl BABSAAI. Oningyo-san mit She He) looks ikea dl while there are certain descriptive terms, lke marumarn 10 (chubby?) and toma oy "ke a perfec ie gem) that are sill apttobe applied wo baby boys rather than baby gist sno long tenerally considered appropriate, a it was in the past, to suggest, thatthe birth ofa male hee sa more auspicious event than that of agi Thanks to everyone, mother and child are both fine BATEEC WELOEAMTT, Okage de bosom wi gen de Thanksto everyone, mother and ld are both ie. This standard lines indispensable for fathers and others ennoune- ing the good news immediatly fe the birth of child, The fist thing that everyone want to heat—be it the grandparents, lings, ther relatives, o Fendi thatthe delivery was succes ful that the child is sound and healthy, and that there were no post-dlvry complications this simple sentence delivers the goods. The phrase okagesame de (an often-hard, nonspecific expression of appreciation here tranalte a “thanks to everyone”) comm iat in natural-sounding way a sense of grattade—for the ‘omsideraton the mother receive from others during her prog taney, for the kindness of fate, forthe benevolence ofthe gods. This sentence provides a sucint, convenient reponse that say father can trot out whenever he s congratulated om the bith of & chil, and it sls useful when replying to the various phone calls, and cards om well-wishers that re ikl to aesompny the aval ‘ofa nw baby ‘Beyond thi standard form for saying “Al's wel thank hev- ‘nits ao customary (and quite natural) to el people whether isa hoy ora gi. to report the date and time ofthe bith and— depending on how interested your listener relly s—pethaps 0 reportthe baby’s weight at bith, The ide isthat these deta beyond thei informational vale, will moe vividly communicate a sense cof you owe happiness W's not considered necessary or even appropriate to make @ point of announcing a new baby to the entie neighborhood and to all one’s frends and acquaintances, butt is important to con vey the good news wo people who were particulary helpful duringthe mother’s pregnancy and to those who showed concen foe her ‘weft. For coupes who were marred in the traditional way itis {sential to inform the nakbdo—the older couple who played the {ole of matchmakers ox sponsors during the courtship and at the ‘nein, The new parent, with infant in tow, often pay a formal ‘sit tothe nakido soon afer the child is born, out of respect and to show ofthe rats of their happy union. CONDOLENCES Flease accept my condolences on this sad occasion CORUREBMSE TESST. Kono ab a goshasosama de gozaimasu Please accept my condolence om this sad occasion ‘fen heard at both wakes and funeral his short expression is the one most commonly used fr extending one's sympathy tothe ‘ereaed, Because its so widely used, sme people consider trite too formula, o simply inadequate o effectively communicate a sense of sincere condolence. Nevertheless in certain sitations— Such as when signing nat the reception abl at a wake—you may find these words extremely use ‘Aword abou delivery: while its generally regarded a polit to speak such formal words ditnely and ata deliberate pace, mourn fs customarily begin this expression by claty articulating the ‘words kono tab (ranted ere “on this sa ocasion”) and then ‘alver the rest of the sentence (goshishisamia de gozaimasi, oF please accept my condolences") n hushed, practically inaudible tones dered appropriate to the unspeskably pin vent being bier. Depending on the crcumstances—when addresing a lose re ative of the deceased, for example—it maybe appropriate to adda word ot, sch as SeBNMLLODEL HUET. azo ochikra-foth no ot to enim Trmsrethishas ben terrible blow. Lb DBHOAMLD ET. Kokoro kara okuyam mshiogasi Allow me to offer my heart sympathy. These or similar words having been suid, decorum dictates that you fice the bereaved directly and execute a deep Bow from the ‘waist (abou 60 dees) with ams held suaght at your sides and «yes forward—don't bend your neck! Net, raise your ees slightly ‘without iting your head Then lift your head but don stand up straight) to complete your fst bow. Finally, bow deep a seco ‘At aera you at likly tobe invited o light an incense tc 1nd place itn an ur in front ofa photo ofthe decease, which is displayed on an altar. You may be invited todo this with an expres son such a SRMaRACEO. Goeien ni oxoae kadai Please offer a prayer forthe soul ofthe decease "This bee sil hasits own explit protocol When your tum comes, lake an incense tick and light it with ne ofthe matches provided for the purpose, but don't Blow the match out Gently wave i back sn forth uti the fame goes out. Plce the incense tick lightedcand ups in the ur and bring your hands together in font of your fac, head down in an atitude of prayer. After a moment, bow deeply then tm and leave the altar. Before you lave ether awake ora funeral, member of the ‘bereaved family wil probably make a point of thanking you for coming Youae likey to hear DICLIMNE, So ECW EAU ESEL THI BE jEeveh. ise aka sao oko otadakimasite rig ga “Thankyou for taking the ine, on such short notice, to oer your condolences twas such shocking news that | rushed right over DEDRMOLET, MUTLATHUDEL I. ‘Amari tosizen no koa de, odoote ond marimasht. Tega such shocking news tat rushed right ovr. In the wnfortunate event that rdative or Fiend suddenly dies, this aweful cxpresion of sympathy. Whatever the case—3 traffic acident,a sudden illness, fatal condition not previously revealed—the sad news comes axa shock, and your words should Show how hirditistoaceepsuch a thing DNCOMBROLELSIL HABIBI OF EMVETE, MUSEUMS CT oui koe ida isha toi wa a agen data no i 0 ‘moist, shinjareai Kimo ds "To think Isa her just the other day and she seemed peretly fine. W’sunbelieabe CORUEMO LO BOR, Lt. Kono tabi vn ono mo kaka sana de, eon sh tas hiss such an uuhinkable wage, can image how you must fee, Se BRLOR SEPLBMROCETL ID. Saokashamageh no to ds You must be heartbroken. SRABEVIELACLEOK, AHERE TH, Kore karat oro deshita no hon ian den Testeulya pity, be ad such bright tre ahead of him, Ire death was due to some extraordinary cause, such as su- de, you must be circumspect in your choice of words 08 not © ‘racetbate the gre of the bereaved aurvivor. convWASEBUDT ANCES, SEBOBNCE CL2}, CRMEBRIOLLET Kare wt ent i rigid as tr ae es Gaels Sober car This ch am need ogee iy inf for you. Fil pray for her happiness in the next life, a Arsuch ines inguling into the cecumstanes of deat is of course, ‘quite out ofthe question. Sst is aio requied when adresing parents who ave last child. The ight words are offen dificult in, bt you might try these: ZALMLDU CLD HDEC A. ont masaget yo ka woharimasensimply don't know what 3. BARD IMUIE DDD ET. ‘Okimochi ti hod wakarimas, share your git i know this is painful, but don't let it get the best of you BOGWELIIMKEL MD BAERS: ‘Gtr des gi shithartomochi i nat kus ‘know this puinfil, but dont tit get the best of you, Offering words of encouragement to those who are in mouring is ‘tricky mater, Caelely spoken, otherwise appropriate words may ‘ome ofa insincere or even smug, and even when they ar at: fully delivered the peste may scem pines. Uns you ae a close fend it maybe jst swell offer your condolences and leave it at that. Fora longtime fend ofthe survivors ora member ofthe family crcl, however, i's matral to make the attempt t0 Keep people’ spirits up. DMERIOEUTTA, BhEUe DOT, —HORK FATE WETTER ‘Onagek we gmottano desu ga, kara twat chic mo Tay gk na ee hud [know you tut be feeling terzibe sorrow, but do take good tae of youself and ryt et overt Rte Lom DL REESE MY Mote Bab EED Tha, Anata ga shia shia kata oko nasa kara okdsama mo s0-anshinnasartafomoimasu ne. "exo your mother ess in peace, knowing you marred such a ‘ged man, MOMERETRTONT. EROHED ERTS Hasna no kaw 0 mice gear, sega nani yor yok desu He ive to seis firs grande ena gest consolation now that must have HED AMAOMVOL, MADMDIELDEL IIS, ‘Amari nage fk nom, jin no saa arias ara He wouldn't be happy knowing you were sufeing so much. DEI table KLom NES TRANSOM, ME WOXRRCTE. Ato ino nage hire uke og, nan or ogo doo. The genes thing you can in er memory io goon vig ‘a good life = i The we of expressions ike these at such pant time must of course, rellet the depth of one's fendship and empathy if ot they ‘may ound overly familia or even intrusive—— o MAKING A SPEECH Tike to offer a few words if | may © DESCRBMLA ET. tot gouisetu moshiagemas 1a ike offer ee words if may: An experienced public speaker may regard such a standard open ing line as panfil unimaginative, but for those unaccustomed 0 ‘making peches i's reassuring to hav fama exprsion at hand to star off with and this one wil suit almost any formal casion. | simple se-introduction shoud follow UES SVIDELI AY SIOZ TEE oh “Tadaima gosh ni azuarimashta Jom Buroun de grime. -Mynares John Brown, and I've been asked to sty a few words Orsimply: Yar 7997 Cr EVES Jo Baro degozaimass My name's John Brown. ven though you may ave just been introduce, to give your name once more, since it wil help ensure tht the tuience remembers tthe ae apt to need help remembering ‘on: Japanese name) nd itl lo give you a moment to remem ter what yu are ging to say neat. For that mate, it wil prob tbiy be to your advantage to have memorized string of stock ass, thus sparing yourself the aekward moment when you fs good idea search forthe right word and find you don't know it When the occasion ia cleration, you can always lead off by congratulating the guest of honor WEA, BOTLITEVET Tanaka-san, ome goatoas Tanaka san, pest accept my congratulations, The sze ofthe audience wil help determine which expressions ate most suitable. While ager gatherings, since they tend to be ‘more forma cl forthe formal sounding hiokoogoisasu ope ing wth which we led of its permis to greet smaller crowd inmmuch more familia langage: UIRLECT A, Kyo wa rash desu ne. ‘Well this is certainly a bappy da Whatever the content of your speech of toast nothings more ‘important than geting the names right. Many a Japanese wedding speech has Been made and then instantly frgoten by all om ‘ered, bt the speaker they never forgets the one who rom tart to finish, cals the groom or bride (or bah!) by the wrong name. “The actally happens, and more often than you might think ‘Thank you for taking time out of your busy sched= Ules to join us today AHIR SIOPBREDORERELT, HDMEIES oS oni wa sota-choatsumnaritadokimacie, ait gos:"Thank ou for aking time oat of our busy schedules to join us today. “This familar gesting, spoken by the host or chairperson, is used to signal the opening ofa formal meeting conference, o lecture Itis rately used however, at more informal gatherings, such s internal truss meeting or regulary scheduled meetings. “Among the arid denizens of today's hectic busines weed, one {is forced to asume that noone has tof fre time or at east that o.one would ever admit, Even people who once were thought to fave plenty ofksueime—housewives and retires, for example— can often be sen hustling around a a stenuous pace, clutching their appointment books, In smaller communis and outing aes, Joaal governments have sponsored luncheon programs for pre sumably solitary dey people onthe assumption hata gest many ‘lder people suf from loneliness and boredom. The programs have not, however, been ver succesful it seems most older people ane oo busy toattend, Ba when people do show up for events ofthis tort i isimperative to geet them by propery expressing appreci- ‘Mion for thee presence. The folowing isan appropriate way FRB HBLO LE, TBMCAUELT, HOHEI ores ans okuriawase no ue, goa kdasaimasie, vga goa “Thank you for aking the trouble o join us today, in spite of the When the people being grectd have had to brave inclement wether or ether spc hardships inorder to be resent this must edly noted in the greeting: MOPERRDVELEELT, HUMLIZEVET. “Ame na ooasumariadekimashit, rgd gozaimasu “Thank you fo aking the rouble to come in spite ofthe ran ‘Wile the ofen-eard wis a gtai-chi retin with which we began is certainly a elabl selection it would sugges remark she lack of resourcefulness if every formal assembly were to begin ith his very sume line. In practice, the opening greeting is oten tailored to the ocaton: POMEBLOL IT, HOMHDELGEITERL Kote, BRADORER, HOMEIE SORT Thin emo erin, oo nak awatadai ate i shit maka, ata tad, aria gosta _With he yar drawing oan end and th word having grown that ‘ich busier, we thank you fo aking the trouble to be with sstoday ELT AY ARAVEHE A DELCO RM Mitb Ld oROEMDNETA, BRDOLER, BNeEICEET, Oviasitu Ameria dito rani hasanarimashite ek ya ‘dro no kenmon gu wazuraeshikata ka omewarenast 3 suman taal, rgd gozaimasu ‘Shoe his vent unfotuatlyconcies with he anal ofthe US, President 'mafaid many of you may have bee incon. ince by security checks attain stations or on the ses ‘Thank yu fr putting up withll he bother i has taken to behere Yow ae more likey to win favor wth an audience of sched ug ters if you specifically note the efort that was requizedt altend and expres your gratitude* How quickly time passes AHORORAUbOTES VET. Tuk no ras no wa haya mono de earinas How quickly ime passes, ‘When people gather fora commemorative event—a memorial ence fora departed fitend, golden welding aniversary, othe anniver- sary ofthe founding of company natural for a speaker to preface his remaris by inviting those assembled to reflect on the psig of time. Thi short sentence ull that fancton. ‘Next come the specific BU BEAUESHE HO mois gonen mae ‘Asyou may eal was five years ago that BMY SECLO NBL MADCLACRILE. ‘Okagera de chich no shih mukacr koto a dekimashit. ‘Through the kindness of everyone (who helped us get through i) afl year has pased since my father ded. ‘Thali nota no we haya! mono de goannas (our opening ‘expen above) is alo used when formally expresing thanks—in ‘erin on wrting—to somone who has helped ason or daugh ‘ert accep at the right school o finda job. Along with parental fection and pride, these words evoke the particular poignancy af seeing one's ehikren gro up. ‘The formal Buddhist memorial service for a deceased person is ld on the aniversary ofthe date of death, Exactly which anniv ‘ares areabserved depends to Some extent onthe ag ofthe decened ‘nd other considerations, but memorial crvices te almost always hl on theft and second anniversaries. Presumably, the pur pose of uch gathering is to dissipate the lingering sorrow ofthe survivors by ecoting various memories ofthe decease At mem ral eld prior to the frst anniversary—teve customary include 2 gathering om the fory-ninth day after death (called shijaunich) and another during min, othe next observance of the anal Festival ofthe Dead—it is not advisable o engage in reminiscences shout the deceased unless prompted to do 30 by the survivor, the bereaved maybe as yt too nin of thee lo, For lighter occasions such as the aniversary of i's found Ing, avait of useful expressions are avaiable RULITMVECLAL [Nagy de ak figo-no desi ‘While sounds ikea lng time, these fiteen years have pase quickly MART UE, GOEWA 2 108M Kacriimasurca, knw tara non-kan ooking back, ten years have already passed RL SDEN LET “Keizok wa chika arto méshimas go To endures to grow stronger, as they sy, bt gSoUmMeree: ta mo yamaha hate Having overcome numero challenges HLeeagcevg ras Kirsh oki mo gzsimaaita 3. ‘While thas been steal ties ‘Whatever the aniversary exlebrats, wheter the perseverance ofan enterprise or the endurance of «family of household, the speaker should emphasize the sutsining efforts of al the individ uals who made such an event possiblepapnneocy a “Teamaranai mov desu go “Thisisa poor thing, but “hid sounding ction the comentonaly approved wy “pula you ar orn sit Often hardin apn here Bth ‘iravng snd ingusesl- deprecation ae hy iva Sip uch ths can sometimes ict» pared reponse {famanun-nate pear fer al ou might eon ifthey nk {Trap it he hy ve thy gig 0 en at sien Nukbar wing” tuaanscan so be antes “orn Geto ede eee ou cena Notes {Soap the pase doesnot mean at he pear ae boves the git tobe bering or worl (he might thik 0, ut she pray woo lou Ths simply etal al of ham I peumabiy mended oer the rcv of ita fom thy se of bigation rome ratte. "tenn, ee hough no naive speaker of apace cull sve mite th ment hind prs He this one nowadays he oe har people dering with ch ita rns stor of more wasparentnguoge. Younger plein pric Its uhen ging someone is might actualy Ge thea hard st ch ECbBELDATTS. Kore toteme wish des yo. Weresly delicous Bob BMeO Re Mg LC Kit oni dato omoimadhite [thovght it would lok good on you, Another humble-sounding pase for gift giver BLGIEHR LAM: ‘Mecurashiku mo goainasen ga This is nothing special but “This isa andy expresio when the offering isthe sor of practical household item—soup towels, rit cfs, ber ofthe ike—aften ven asa midsummer presen (oe) or ea-end present (ob, in whieh casei not only properly humble but accurate. This not to say that such gifts aren’ highly appreciated anyway, inc etal. This andthe other phrases below are often fllowed by ‘he word zo "Please [acep it) spoken as the itis proffered. ‘When the gifts something you made by hand, you ae expected to humbly deprecate your own handiwork BRIE LOOTTINE: ‘Ohashi no des er. "ve done an emburasingly poor job oft but BECCA ORACHIE: mats dekinakata 9 des edo ‘This dda’ arn out very wal, bat Some exprensions both downplay the vale of git and empha: Sve the spc in which its give, aE OweTH Kokoro bakin shina de ga This ist arma token of my appreciation,a ‘phrase like this communicates something mors than mere for foal courtesy and is wef when the gift itself meant to express tore than us good manners, maynatbe to your Ueing but BAUS T HED De (Okc ni amas a di ka Teimay note to your king, bt. “Ths standard phrase can be used whenever you present 2 git of food, a offen happens when paying avs to someone's home. It an also used by a host or hostess when sering food to a gues Sd bya housewife bringing afew helpings of home-cooked spe ‘ally ver tothe neighbors. Everyone has hs own tates when it comes to food of curse. “The mete fac that something was expensive or comes highly re: ‘ommended iso grunts that any given person wil ke it. Tete fore, notwithstanding that you yourself believe the item to be a scrumptious morsel, you should make alowances fora dtferent reaction when you offer itt another. BU AVETHEIM BOLOEIZ. (Okc i amas ka dk, obits dc. "Thismay not suit your at, bt please try one. “These days one does sometines hear les cations language: DIRECT OC Wagaya dew taken Koy desu node “Thisis quite popular at ou house, 0 KARMEL THEOL EROS Sento abet oe ohana de Thad thisthe other day andi was really good, 0 KOBUCHAEATH, ‘Watashi ma oak nar desu, Thisis my special This typeof pprouc, though, is bes reserved fr close fends and relatives, ‘When you offer food to guests at your home or invite them to srt ating you are expected, asa matter ofcourse, to belt the merits ofthe foe being serve MECEUSRAR, LIZHL EMOTE, [Nani magosaiasen ga, dso meshing kde Ws nothing much, but please go aad and have some. DUH LaMoc MeN SLIELONECT, ‘Aimiu meshing tadhera y na mona ga nak, Unfortunatly we have nothing worth vig toa guest ‘A wellmannered gues will a, jus prior wo tacking int the vs: val: UREEET: MRUALET. Itadakiman, Pe Cha itachi, Both are expressions f gratitude for what is about to be ese ‘tthe end ofthe mea, apolite guest compliments the hosts, PUAKZEEISETLE, BUL OIE EVEL IY aiken gochisisoma dehita Os gozaimashira. Thank you forthe great meal. That was super,‘Te host or hosts just ax politely dermurs, again dismissing the quality of the food offered BALESECLI ‘Osomatsusama desta Tevaea meager offering. ‘Occasionally the standard faci amas kd ka may seem abit ton commonplace to expres the fing behind the thing being ‘ered, ian, you might offer a reason for offering this particular ‘hing. BEamRObow Tod EBVELT ‘roi tok wn tumetai mono gayi ka 0 omoimasite ‘Thought someting coo ight be nie this eat Hearing this the tener will pethaps be more likely to appreciate your consideration ‘a token of my good wishes BRUOAHE TSS ET. ‘Oia no kimoc de gosimas “Thisiva token of my good wishes. spec “This is what you say when you presenta gift to mark a spec ‘easion The custom of previous era dicated tha gifs given the person being CUlebration ofa particular event be handed tothe pers honored on the morning of a auspicious dy 25 determined by the traditional lunar calendar) These days, few people observe hah restritons, but certain other points of protocol do remain in fist. ‘When you give a present that as been gift-wrapped it may well not be opened on the spot but instead be put aside to be opened Tater. Ws good idea wo say what's inside and why you chose i thus providing the recipient with n opportunity to say some: ‘hing gracious lke this: bsdERLO ROTH Chaos no des Tesexatly what I wanted, This is ab a way of enabling the recipient to thank you speci aly for you partial gt, ‘When you are presenting someone with a git of ash—no checks please!—here isa useful expresion tha seldom fil o draw a smile Hobo errseconeagln. Kari mono nikaeuuete tadakimeshita ‘When the ocason for celebration i entry into or graduation from school gis often go othe parents, who wil acep them on ‘thei chil’ eal you might give the child a card aswel youre Tooking to win heart) but this i only advisable for younger ei ‘ren. The suation may vary depending on your tlatonship with the principal, but im general children of middle school ae of ‘older are beter of collecting their owen presems—they certainly think so—and you will be fondly eepaded for respecting their autonomy. ‘Asal, itis best toe prompt with celebratory gifts forall ‘occasions oter than the ith i childs what to ie ofebune, depends onthe ocasion. Certain celebrations ae tainly aso ciated wth pei ita vase ora potted plan for showsewarming. bby clothes for anew baby, a decorative figurine forthe opening‘of store othe launching of a business. Not surprisingly, this ‘sally proces an oversupply ofthe waditional selections soi juntas well to fnd ou, fyou can, wha te intended recipient relly This is nothing special, but it happens to be a spe-_ cialty of the area I come from BLLTSORTAM, RELOMOMMELT Mecurasiku me gosaimason 2, wtakini-doma no ho otk ‘ar us deste “This nothing special, butt happens tobe a specialty ofthe area come om, ‘When you present people with local special from back home, whether ifs formal midsummer or year-end gift, a present for Someone you're visting, o simply something to share withthe righbors his phrase wl come in handy. Thank to Japan's booming home delivery services, regional delicacies from all over the coun tay can be now be enjoyed at home wherever you lve making such items imports inchuded—popular as gis. or the recipient, the main point int so much that your gifts ict obtain bt that it came from the same place you come from point that ie key to enhance the favor af even the most commonplace cuisine: 12), AOAONMO IIT He ano kt ie farsa mo wa ka Hmm, s this isthe wine he drinks back home, You yoursfmay duly comment on the difference: AMOI EBLE UEEAM, y ALTE, RGEROEME AS ESE MOEL Cm Gait no wain mado mezurashity mo grssimasn 2 fursato own nomimasu to, wats nad a toa hig 8 ni meine Imported wine i nothing pei nowadays, but ome the wine from home somehow ats juss itl it beter ‘Theres every chance your companion wl gree with you at ast, publicly) brand name gif isconsidred a ate bet by tof peop ince bos the ier andthe receiver can presamay be asured ofits quality and the valu ofthe gift is beyond dspute—everyone knows how ‘much corti ta present litle something pei rom back home probably says more than any brand-name tem ever could. Atthe same ime, uch git key to invite al kind of questions bout your origins, leading to discussions that may wellatengthen ‘the bonds between you and the beneficiary of our generosity Thisis very kind of you. 'm honored SRST MI, BUDE Kore tine i xreriau “Thisis very kind of you. 'm honored ‘When you resive a gift, you must be mindful ofthe prope form for showing gratitude—a casual word or two of thanks won do's common, fr example to indicate that you are simply ovehel, ‘reno the point of apologizing (forthe rouble the giver has one through to select it) and hinting that you realy couldn’ possibly cept oBOLELTVARCEMLIRECT [Kona ko o shite itadak to méskiwake naka (tn this isso very kind of ou, but Pm afi, really. ROCKED BANE LT CHECFOE ALOE CARL: wate kudasaraokimachi dake dejabun desu no ni kona mono made chads shite ‘Your good wises alone ae precious enough, but to receive sich lovely git aswel “The gift giver paying his part in this itl, wl erect his it asa way of urging you wo accept it UR, ALELO THAD EAM Tie tisha mono de mo aimasen kara Of hardy ls eally nothing to make a fas ove. At this point it would be possible vo end the drama by imply sy ing youl patk your good manners and take the ot. eC Mil LET ‘Sore de weno nak cha shims Inthat case dispense withthe formats nd accept ‘You wil communicate more of sens of gratitude, however, if you emphasize your pleasure rather than your capitulation. ERCREACMLET. Soredevwa yrohnde hia shiasu Inthat ae, happily accept your git Finally, you are actly ready to say thanks, and you should do so in way that ets the gift-iver know you fll appreciate the Feeling thin the git BLO ABREDVRLIT SORT (Okakor no amon osina orga gozaimacy. Thank you for such a thought gi ‘Tradinsly, git-gving and gift receiving have Bee inked in quid pro quo arrangement that i still widely observe othe fextent that even now people often automatically asocate the act ofaccepinga git wth the obligation to give one in return Owing to thi aspect ofthe transaction, there ate actly plenty of people ‘who would just as soon not receive gifts a all There are alo ocea sions when you are not expected to (and should not) give a eta tft when you are given a present to take home from a reception for banquet: when you restive a farewell git, a get-wel present, a ‘sradution present othe lke fom someone older or in a senior ‘oston or when you esive a midsummer gif year-end gif or {present given in thanks fora fvor you di frm someone younger rina lower postion. Some people feel obligated to give gifts in return for get-well ifs or present given to them to celebrate 3 family ocaion Ia ‘he former cae since the fact of one's recovery presumably being celebrated by all one's rend i’ not necessarily good form 10 sve presents onl to people from whom you received them, and in ‘the later ase eur presents ae simply unnecesaryYou're always so very thoughtful. | do appreciate it 20T, HYBEIZ EET. tsume oor ni kaktitadite, aia goonimas You're away 0 very thoughtful | do appreciate i. you reg recive presente—midsummergifsor year-end its, for intance—from a particular person, itis sential o emphasize that persons continual generosity, and hiss one way todo so. An expresion of ratitde may often ake the form of an apology (usualy ‘surimasen“'m sores Berly, “Thet's no endo it"), presum sly fr puting the gift give to s0 much wouble: vopeob, FARA. isn sume, sumiasen. You're alway so generous [can't thank you enough. To someone who makes point of ving you a diferent gift every time (nt everone des), you might y= PobBBLUboe, HIMLITSVET. tse omer mon, aig oanimase Your gis are always so special Thank you. MMELOTMMORLELT. HVMLITEVET. Keli na mono chido ashi arian ozaimasu. “Thank ou for such lovey present. In thanking someone who iin the habit of giving you practical ifs—thee customarily include tapes ike miso (fermented sy bean paite) and nord (deed seaweud), as wall as cooking ol—you «can emphasize how asf they te PObMREE CORLUTRDET, Feumo chobs est tad oimasu “They always come ins handy To thank regular visitor to your home who always beings along a sift you may, at above, expres your rattue in words of apology: Wo bMEa CURA TTAR EA. Itsumo Koka tate saminason. You always goto sch trouble ely appreciate it {In this situation, presuming your gues i someone with whom You tefl close, you can open the gif on the spot (after making a brie show of polite refusal) the git is food (and it very key wil te), you might serve some oft immedately, sharing it with your est Sim, when youare visting someone ds and hive brought slong gf of food or dink, you might present it with an expres sion sch a bole kunecye Mote Iso taal to oma. thovht we might al ny this together. This makes al the case for your hos to graciously accept your sift peas with an expresion such a: CRRA. ena yrolande. Wellthen,Laccep with pleasure While the customs of previous eras were quite expt about the proper way to acept a formal gift—a present was supped t0 be recived oma ry which had tobe placed at the ead f the table the ‘eat of honor, while an elaborate show of gratitude took place— rigid adherence to protocol sno longer the norm. Nevertheless iis sill considered polite to accept a git by receiving it with both ands arm sight extended, and then re it toward one's head ina ritual gesture of gratitude Tmmafraid | hardly deserve such kindness a irs LELT Kabun na okokorocasho hia iteshimashit. ‘Tm afisid hardly deserve such kindnes ‘When calling on someone who i ecovering from an lle or an injury or when visting the fly af someone wi has didi is ‘stmary in Japan to presenta gi usually agit of mone. This ‘expression is one standard form of expresing gratitude fr such tsfl—but don't weit right awayt ‘When you receive a birthday present or the like fom a good. frend ther’ nothing wrong with opening tom the pot and show= ing your pleasure. But when you are presented with an envelope containing esh by somone attending the faneral ofa member of our family or by someone visting you inthe hospital it would be highly irrepuarto open it then and there At sich times, you may _raciosly accept the offering by saying: STHEBERORABELT, HYBLITEVET. Catenin okokrezshio itadakimasite, rig gozimas, [es gracious of you Thankyou for your kindness To someone who visits you at your skbed, you might be more emphatic: BREHWLIR CRATE LIZMIVELET. EDLCAELORCHUT corre (Otago hake shia dake de gen ga dra yr ign tashimasu ‘Sono e kana mono mae tadite ‘Your company alone enough o make me fel beter. To recive pif on tp ofthat, hy When the oceason ia fame or memorial servic, ls is more: STREBRALOREAELT, HYMLITTVET, Gotech na soma oitadakimasite,arigat gzaimasn I's racious of you. Thankyou fr tis offering. cor perhaps BOMEITEUET, SOEMASATOENRET. Ariat goannas, Sask sonaeaiet adakimass, “Thank you. ll present you offering right away. Only after several days have passed—when you next sc the gi ‘ier oF when (as custom ao requtes) you communicate your atte in writing—shoeld you make use ofthe formal expres ‘son of thnks with which we Began, You might begin by saying: RULTREOUMEVEARELT, HOBIE Te Sonja wa tein na gochimon oitadakimashie, arg gana, tas kind of yout come and ofr your spmpathy the other day. Thankyou. or pouty RMB TRODAMOE VRE AL, DUMEIEE Sein wens naomi tadashi, arg goin {twas kindof ou to come and vit me when I was Biden) ‘he other day Thankyou.Now you're ready to make your fullblown formal statement of srattade: APEBLEMMOALELT. BMVEL THIET. abun na okkorozash och itashimasit yuku taste ‘maf hardly deserve such Kindness but deeply appreciate ‘When the occasion for generosity was the death of someone close to you you might ao add something ike: ERBDELELG, SEHATOSCEE METS ‘Nalunerimashita chick! me, 1320 yorokonde iru Roto ton "rm sure my late father would also be very pleased ADDRESSING SOMEONE Going out? i Bier Oise dew a Going out? Hereisa perfect polite way to halla neighbor r an acqusitance ‘who, judging by her apperance or huried pace, is obvi going ‘ut. This enpresion i nt the same as a proper greeting which trou require more elaborate lnguage, butt implies a courteous Tespet for the fact thatthe other person isin a hurry, Although ‘Yes, 'm just stepping out fora minute. Should you encounter eon who won't set fo this age rep tn who sem intent on geting you to state your itinerary, fo fice to et the conversation short without mincing words, Poteness doesnot quire you to suffer prying questions, adits considered dsintly impolite to detain someone wh bas places to go with Jot ofl cater. Common courtesy (and commen sense) cates ‘thatthe ther person keep the conversation brie, ending after a moment or two witha polite sendoff rammatially a question, this ely an observation he confused witha direct question, such as ebekamarera, Dochira ni adlate desu ha, ‘Where are you going! To abruptly pos sucha question would defintely be overstepping ‘he esablished iftacit) conversational boundaries. Since Oveake des kas no ely a question, the person thus rectodisby no meas obliged nor necessarily expected to sae his Aestination Instead, he can answer vaguely, as people commonly de: AR, brokerET, 2 chotto sola made. Tih BARU Dea, of uke Well tke care WotboLeny Ine raha. Goodbye for now.1% “The phase Oekake dss ka has another, common but somewhat Aiferent usage. You may her someone who comesto your door or falls upon the telephone 2: ALASAUBIDI CT Swiss wa odekake des ho Has Me. Smith gone out? With hes words the visitor rele simply requesting, ina polily ‘oblique manner, to speak with the person named—the impli ‘ssumption is nat thatthe person named has gone out but that he is present. When employed this way, the sentence Murata-san a ‘eka dese kas vitally synonymous with the more direct (and slightly more commoa) but stl ery polite frm: HUANG OL outta. ‘Muraa-san wa irsshaimas a IsMe- Mur int How are yout Taira, Gotgen kage. How ate your As you might expec, the polite thing to do when you se someone you know st ingute about his eal and frame of mind and his ommon expression performs that function quite sucinty. The term higen (ere preceded bythe honorific prefix go) is conven ty broad in meaing iking inthe other person's situation, well being mood This expression i considered slightly more refined than some ofthe more commonly heard alternatives, inching: sco SOMEONE BEDDADE LAM, Okawari arimaser ka How ave you been? (Literally, "Have there bee any changes?) BEATA Ogenki desu ka. Hons everthing? In addition, gig kage is among the prefered forms fr politely asking someone who has ben ilo injured about his condition when you visit him, ‘Standard replies to thes greetings include BINTEET, ECORAEL TOSS ‘Okagesana de tote gen shite imasu Fm happy to say just fine snd the shortened forms BINTSEC. Okagesama de ‘ery well thank you. Courtesy dictates that your reply be flowed bya return form of the same query: BOITEET, ECORMEL TORT. EHH Ie (Otagesama ds oer gen i shire imasu Sochira wa Tm happy to say 'm jst ie How about you? BITERC. BOI Ogee de. Anata noha wa ‘Very well, thank you. And yout‘an expression similar in orm to but diferent in meaning from sokigon agi SBMALD. Gokigen Takecare now. which sa kind of all-purpose station used as both a grecting Und as an expression of farewell It is derived from gotgenyot Ultra, "your good hes), which coud be construed as ether ‘congratulatory ora hopeful message with which to get or see omenne off Both goign ikaga and gkigen could conceivably bused in sina situations, 0 keepin mind tat goign haga i question requiring an answer, while goligen is merely another ‘way to say ello goodbye Tn addition to asking people how they are, its alo extremely common to rematk on the season oF the wenther when you ran {imo someone you know. Here you ave your choice of # whole any of innocuous observations: RCBDEL I. Sara marinas me We ote cod aan aL ceneLtns Susu marinas ne ‘We gotten coo, asi? acEDEL eh. Auk arias ne Tes gten hot, hasn't Lorerinnsitin, Shino navimashita me Iesoiten nicer hast it? SuKoBRecTh, Aino ote dw. vf weather, Chance meetings between acquaintances, of course, don’ cll for ‘much mot ity meteorological commentary than this—the more isp the remark the easier ts to agree with, 50 you can both get ‘om about your busines. Have you got a moment? brokeueti. Ghat deck Have you gota moment? ‘With tis expression you can get someone’ attention or consent to-emer into conversation usually so that yu can ask a question ‘rimake a request. This ean abbreviated form of what was once— Snag in some case more elaborate dpa’ eb courty For example back AMM ORE VOTTA. Ct ojitan vitadakta no desu ga Pdwonder if could havea moment of your time 4 CerVbaeT A. Ima, gouged a haga desu ha ‘Would this bes convenient ime wo have a word wth you? These longer, ore formal exresons, however, woud sound ove slate if wed among perso people who know one another wl In such compan, the informal shorter frm cited above—or theven shorter form cht ji—sounds more appropriate andis thus uch more commonly wed, fr example by ofc colleagus talking Aheach other or summoning per over the phone ‘Since this iran informal expresion, you would no seit when adresing a superior at work or anyone oter than a colleague oF fend ostead to make the sof xsl polite impresion con ‘idre del in more formal ansictions, you woul ALES sae ras ‘Shitsurlshimasn, of Shits des a Exe me Excuse me, bat Bonet. BRyE ra rorerimas or Oxrerinasi ga Tg yout pardon. eg your pardon, but you're addressing womeone you've never met in order to ask a ‘gestion, you ean ad an extra courteous touch by declaring Your wrBmnvieLet. ‘Shiv otazune tashimas Falke to aka question if may. Having received yur answer or taken in whatever reply your inte Tocutor makes, you should propery excuse yourself for the pre samption: BALALDLTHLRDDERATL ES (Oikitome shite ishivakearimasen desta Tapologie for detaining you. Perhaps the most commonly heard forms uscd 4 get someo FARA. FARA AO Swmimasen or —-Sumimasen gu Pardon me Pardon me, but These everyday expressions are most well for stations in which rther formality nor family is the regning prnciple—when you ask railway employee about the correct fre, place an order wih awaits, o aska police officer for directions for example In such eases, am expression like oerrimany would sound wnat: ely formal, while chow desu ka would sound over fai \sitall right S560M, ALU CL EDA Kochia no sei yori dso Fa [sitll ght iT akethisseat ‘When you're looking for place to sin 2 dining hall ta drink lng place or anywhere ele where strangers share (and sometimes ompet for) seating or tbl space, you'll make a beter imps sion on other peopl ifyou politely confirm the avait ofa seat rather than peremptory claiming it for your own. Ths expesion the ticket Speaking of tickets, you're also likely to find it useful In movie theaters and on tune and bes, where these magic words te usualy sufficient to get an otherwise avaiable sat cleared of ‘ny gang parked on it "Aposble alternative 56, SucuEta Kochia ate ima ka Isthissat empty?though this more ditetapprosch is by no means impli, it ‘docs lack the delicacy ofthe expression cited above. After al, when yout ak "this eat empty you're realy saying “This seats Uy [en and implying that you dont ace anyone's besing or Per misono ake it Inthe same way, when You want people to make room for you, you coud simply ask iret: bask owehetAm Choo aumetekaremasen kt {Gould you make a ite room, please tt would be mach more courteous to frame your request in words that dont sound quite so demanding such asthe expression we began wih Sb50m, LALIT I. Kochi no sek yorosi desu ka Isis eight i ake this seat? ‘Or you could be more elaborate: BRADETH DAB OADEORMI UCL DI ‘Grrr gt shdatsumeewnseitadakenadeshd ka Pardon me, but I wonder if you wouldn't be kind enough to ‘make ate rom. ‘Speaking of making room, it often happens that people ete Jing party oF banquet hall linger in clusters near the entanceways ‘Ghunng congestion and blocking the way for subsequent arsval ‘A such times you ae likly to ear someone in charg sy ome- thing ike SMILE ECHO DEES. Gj ni naka -hodo made tsumeawase kus \Wosld evenone kindly make way and move along inside? There special form of thi same sic roqust served for occa sions when people are siting (or kneeling) on ata BEBVESMOULLET, (Obin-ohurio ong tashimasu. Would everyone move lose together and make room, plese! Given the rete infequency of evens held on tata hors these days this expenion ia seldom heard anymore ve ‘much time pass since | saw you last SMBURL ELI Gobusatatashiasit vee too much ime pss since I saw you last “This isthe potte way to greet somone you havent seem in a long time, wheter you happen to be visting the person at home or mes ing her elsewhere. The literal meaning of the message i that you havent Ben pasing along news and infomation the way you shoul, but in conventional usage it has the effect of an implicit apology for not staying in loser touch with someone you consider to bea benefictor “Another expression tht appens quite slain form stully hava very diferent unge So RIEAM ELC Domo gost okremasie. [realy should have been n touch sooner“This phrase employed when a tettve busines transaction has heretofore been sketched ut by tlephone or fx, and the party inating he desl has appeared to make his proposal in person. By tsing this expesion, he conveys the sense that, byl hat proper, this formality should have ben observed much sooner. ‘By way of comparison, consider two very common expressions ‘hat are sen the same sorts of tuations a gobs itaskiashier LiBCeLE Sibarak desi. sheen while BALEDT. Obisasiburi dee Ws been along ie, asi Unlike the first wo expressions introduced above either phrase ‘artes any sense of apology. These are much more cata forms ‘that—not une "Long time, no see"—are peretly appropiate or _reting people you know well but probably too casual for mere ‘uainaneey and definitly too offhand for your elders or super orsat work, "When you meet an acquaintance you havent een for sometime, ‘it’s naturally considered courteous to alk aboot how things have ‘been Several standard ines are avaiable for this purpose: BEDVADECAD. Oka arimase How have you been? (lic, “Have there Been any changes?) bokbBEDDEZDEELD, Cito mo okawar ni nrimasen ne. You havent changed abit pmbNRCcHocIctT a, Okawari nate et dew ne You're looking wel sever, BRALICLELITH, Opis dena yori de ‘outlook wel ad thas the important thing The ater thre expressions are, of eure ogi choices when the ‘ther person actualy does look wel but even if that isnot the case, these words may sil be appropriate, Itmaybe, for eampl thatthe ther person has ben ill or has seed some misfortune, hich you have heard about fom other sources, and you may wish to ‘hee him up by using expressions such as thee VISITING Thope you get wellsoon HORUCME MoT DET Tchinichi mo hai gokaifuku ono orimasu Tope yu ge wellsoon. “There ate a vavety of concerns that must be attended to when you pay 4 visit to someone who is bedridden, the fst of which i ‘wheter ae not yu should be visiting in the ist plac. Many eo ple have no desire to entertain vistors when theyee nota their testo simply dot want anyone tose them in an incapacitated state, so you cannot assume ill ight wo go vs as soa a you hea that someone is sik or in the hospital, This aio olde truefor people who are hospitalized after being injured. The best pol fey whenever pose ft ind out about the person's eondiion ftom someone who knows andto pay a isit—once you know vis: torsarewelconme—during the patients convalescence Teamay be that hospitalization isrequied to teat an illness oF ‘condition of private nate, such as hemorhoid ora gynecol- Sal condition. that the person in question would rather not dis ‘ou. In such eas, any inguties on your pat are key to be met vith vague reasurances that ifs nothing serious, and the most ‘Courteous course you can follow sto drop the subject. "These caveats notsithstanding, for someone inthe midst of Jong and tedious recovery, or someone, especialy an olde person, gating over a relatively minor ines, a visit fom a end or an eguantance canbe the best medicine there i Rather than fettng ‘ve what kind of get-wel gift end the nds thing maybe im pivto putin a personal appearance now and then. Since you host Fs umwell ofcourse, you must take care not to wear him outs thst to keep your vss brie, You shoud also be mindful of the ‘other penon’s concern for her appearance—it may be embarrass ing to entertain istors while dressed in pajamas or while weaing ‘no make. "The sentence with which this section Began is an appropriate xprnsin of fareel with wich to endavit oa sick rend, Some ‘iemativs ae: BAM AOTUEEOS dain nase hud. Please ake gon care of yours. Lo mSROT EMER SOT ik aera 6 nara desi Just take i esy and et yourself getter. KORTE oT SO ETA OTHER Ten no tact yi dao oman, kos eo asin das Consider ta hexven-sent rest and se the opportnity to bud ‘op your strength, ‘These day alot of peopl especly peopl inthe busines world, seem tobe learning the mits f thir endurance ony by suring Some sort of physic alps In adi to your wishes for aspedy recovery, you might want to ad 3 note of caution when visting 3 fale corporate warror RROMOTSTLIIN, RAMKAWCTES “Kaisha mo koma ru desk ge, waa g dai dea yo “Theofice wil have to struggle along without you fr shi, bat ‘you relly ought tobe thinking about you heath [eel much better now that I see you looking so well BREEILOCROURLAL I Ogenki ma ode anshin ashimasia eel much beter nw that Ie ou looking so well Here isa standard ine employed by vistors to cheer upanacquan tance who hasbeen hospitalized due to an ines or injury. Once you've greted the patient, its quite natural to inquire about et «condition (it’s aso pertecty polite, provided you dont pry), You might try one ofthe allowing: eomanaln, Di nasaimadita ta, How ddl this come about? Vaart,saga dea How are you doing? ‘After heating the reply, you might rot out the standard eher-up Tine introduced shove, or you might us lightly diferent word MRLCOELEM, BMOU“AVOCROLELA. ‘Shin sie iad ga, oka moira gui no de anshin shia shia as wre abou you, but now that se yu looking so heathy Tes beter Whichever way you sy it the point i to sik poe of cheerfal reassurance, buta measur of cation s advisable as wl, Depend ingon the pera and the situation, intentionally upliting remarks ofthis sort may not be particulary welcome (hey may sound rit forinsinee) I thi should app tobe the ease—if your bedrid-

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