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NaOH (aq)
-425
NaCl (aq)
-411
a) Write an equation for the neutralisation of HCl by NaOH.
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)
NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
b) Using your equation and the data given above, calculate the rH of this
reaction. (Hint: draw a Hess law cycle)
rH = vfH(products) - vfH(reactants)
rH = (-411 + - 286) kJ mol-1 - (-425 + -167) kJ mol-1
rH = -697 k J mol-1 (-592) kJ mol-1
rH = -105 kJ mol-1
c) Comment on the sign and magnitude of the value calculated in part (b).
The negative sign indicates that heat is created and given out during the reaction
and consequently the reaction is exothermic.
Question 4: Bond Enthalpy
C3H8 + 5O2
3CO2 + 4H2O
Bond
CH
Mean Bond enthalpy / kJ mol-1
+413
CC
+347
O=O
+498
C=O
+743
OH
+464
a) Using the bond enthalpies and the equation shown above, calculate the
H for the combustion of pentane.
H = (enthalpy of bonds broken) (enthalpy of bonds formed)
H(bonds broken) = ((8 x C H) + (2 x C C) + (5 X O = O))
H(bonds broken) = ((8 x 413) + (2 x 347) + (5 x 498)) kJ mol-1
H(bonds broken) = 6488 kJ mol-1
H(bonds formed) = ((6 x C = O) + (8 x O H))
H(bonds formed) = ((6 x 743) + (8 x 464)) kJ mol-1
H(bonds formed) = 8170 kJ mol-1.
H = 6488 kJ mol-1 8170 kJ mol-1
H = -1682 kJ mol-1
b) Draw an energy diagram for the forward reaction (like the diagrams in
question 1), labelling the reactants, products, H and stating whether it is
an exothermic or endothermic reaction.