Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ON
FRACTAL ANTENNA DESIGN FOR WIMAX BAND AND ITS 4G
APPLICATION
This project report is submitted to JUET in partial fulfilment of
the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering
Submitted by
[Group 10]
Ayush Khandelwal
[101033]
Dhruv Goel
[101038]
Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled, Fractal Antenna Design for WIMAX Band and its 4G
Applicationsubmitted by Ayush Khandelwal (101033), Dhruv Goel (101038), Rajeev Lochan Gupta
(101083) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in
Electronics And Communication Engineering at the Jaypee University Of Engineering And
Technology, GUNA is an authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. To the
best of our knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to any other University/
Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.
Date:
DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE
We, the undersigned, solemnly declare that the report of the project work entitled Fractal Antenna
Design for WIMAX Band and its 4G Application is based on our own work carried out during
the course of our study under the supervision of Dr. Ravi Kumar, Assistant Professor (SG)
Department of ECE, JUET, Guna.
We assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of the project work. We
further declare to the best of our knowledge and belief that the project report does not contain
any
part
of
any
work
which
has
been
submitted
for
the
award
of
any
other
Signature
Date
.
Ayush Khandelwal [101033]
.
Dhruv Goel [101038]
...
.
Rajeev Lochan Gupta [101083]
..
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report is completes with prayers of many and love of our family and friends. However, there are a
few people that we would like to specially acknowledge and extend our heartfelt gratitude who have
made the completion of this report possible. With the biggest contribution to this report I would like to
thank our guide Dr. Ravi Kumar had given us her full support in guiding us with stimulating suggestions
and encouragement to go ahead in all the time of thesis work.
Signature
Date
.
Ayush Khandelwal [101033]
.
Dhruv Goel [101038]
...
.
Rajeev Lochan Gupta [101083]
..
ABSTRACT
Wireless technology is one of the main areas of research in world of communication. Multimode,
multiband operation presents a formidable challenge to mobile phone designers, particularly for the RF
parts. Of these antennas occupy the largest volume and, hence, have the biggest impact on the styling of
the device. It is well-known that antenna bandwidth is proportional to volume. However, the space
allocated to the antenna(s) has not increased: on the contrary, it is tending to decrease due to the demand
for thinner, more highly stylized devices.
The multiband antenna must be capable of providing a good gain and bandwidth compatible with future
and current system. A natural way for these antennas has been the application of the fractal theory, which
allows the project of multiband antennas with reduced sizes.
In this report we have proposed and designed a new fractal antenna for WiMAX band with frequency
range of 2 GHz 6 GHz. And test the antenna for all the frequencies within the band.
The entire project has been simulated in IE3D software which is based on Method of Moment (MOM).
The proposed antenna can be used in modern mobile handsets.It analyzes 3D and multilayer structures of
general shapes. It has been widely used in the design of MICs, RFICs, patch antennas, wire antennas, and
other RF/wireless antennas. It can be used to calculate and plot the S parameters, VSWR, current
distributions as well as the radiation pattern
CONTENTS
Certificate
Declaration
ii
Acknowledgement
iii
Abstract
iv
Table of Contents
List of Figures
viii
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1
Introduction...........................................................................................................................6
1.2
Historical Background..........................................................................................................7
1.5
Fractals................................................................................................................................14
1.6 Advantages..........................................................................................................................16
1.7 Application.........................................................................................................................17
1.8
Chapter 2
Frequency Bands...............................................................................................................18
Mathematical Analysis
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Simulations
Conclusion
5.1 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................52
5.2 Scope for Improvement..........................................................................................................53
REFERENCES
LIST OF FIGURES
7
LIST OF TABLES
9
10