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2.
3.
Explain what effect each of the following events has on the IS curve, LM curve,
and the AD curve:
a.
increase in G
b.
decrease in G
c.
increase in M
d.
decrease in M
e.
rise in consumer confidence
f.
drop in consumer confidence
g.
increase in T
h.
decrease in T
i.
increase in P
j.
decrease in P
4.
5.
2
6.
Suppose the economy is initially operating at Yn. Now suppose that government
spending (G) increases.
a.
What happens to the level of output (Y), the price level (P), and the interest
rate (i) in the short-run? Use the diagrams below to illustrate.
P
AS (Pe = P0 = 100)
100=P0
MR
AD
Y
LM(P0)
Yn
i0
MR
IS
Yn
Y
b.
Redraw your short-run equilibrium on the graphs below and also draw the
final medium-run equilibrium. Clearly show what happens to Y, P, and i in the medium-run.
AS (Pe = P0 = 100)
100=P0
MR
AD
Y
LM(P0)
Yn
i0
MR
IS
3
Yn
c.
Explain HOW THE ECONOMY MOVES FROM SHORT-RUN TO MEDIUM RUN
EQUILIBRIUM, i.e. explain THE DYNAMIC ADJUSTMENT PROCESS IN THIS
PARTICULAR SITUATION.
d.
In what direction and by how much did P and Pe change in the medium-run. Explain
briefly. Did the increase in G have any medium-run effect on real variables (i, Y)? Explain
briefly.
TEXTBOOK, p. 159: #2, 3, 4
SELECTED ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4
5.
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a. IS shifts right; AD shifts right. This increase P decreases the real money
supply, shifting the LM up. Short-run equilibrium: Y increases, i increases, P
increases.
b. Increase in P in short-run increases expected P (P e), shifting AS up, which
increases actual P. The increase in the actual P shifts LM up. Medium-run
equilibrium: Y returns to Yn, i increases, P increases.
c. In the short-run, P rises above Pe and therefore Y rises above Yn. In
subsequent periods, adaptive expectations means that P e will begin to increases
(AS shifts up). This will push up nominal wages and actual prices
proportionately. The increase in actual prices shifts LM up, pushing up interest
rates. As prices and interest rates increase buyers buy less (move along AD
curve) and production falls back to Yn.
d. In the medium-run, P and Pe increase in the same proportion. The reason is
because the WS relation says that an increase in P e increases W proportionately
and the PS relation says that an increase in W increases P proportionately.
The increase in government spending had no impact on Y in the medium-run, but
did increase i.
5
SELECTED ANSWERS PROBLEMS FROM TEXTBOOK
2.
a.
b.
3.
AS
AS
Y
The rest of the curves and variables shift as follows:
SR
MR
WS
up
up
PS
same
same
AS
up
up
AD
same
same
LM
up
up
IS
same
same
Y
i
decrease increase
decrease increase
P
increase
increase
4.
a.
After an increase in the level of the money supply, output and the interest
rate eventually (in the medium-run) return to the same levels. Only prices (and nominal
wages) increase, not real variables. In this sense, money is neutral. However, monetary
policy is useful because it can accelerate the return of output to its natural level if it
deviates in the short-run.
b.
Fiscal policy is not neutral because investment and the interest rate (real
variables) change with fiscal policy.
c.
The natural level of output is independent of (not affected by) fiscal and
monetary policy in the medium-run. However, the natural level of output is not
independent of all government policies. Changes in unemployment compensation, the
minimum wage, policies that affect competition in product markets, etc. affect the natural
level of output because they shift the AS curve.