Subject:

Automotive Technology

Topic:

Lubrication System Fundamentals

Date:

13 April 2015

Subtopic:

Lubrication System Functions

Cooling System repair
Overheating and Overcooling
Cooling system Instrumentation

Grade 9
Time: 20hrs.
General objectives: To explain the function operation and construction of the
lubrication system as well as to list and explain the major components, and discuss
causes and effects of Low oil pressure and High oil pressure of the lubrication
system.
Specific Objectives:

Previous Knowledge:

State the Lubrication system function

List the main parts of the lubrication system
Explain the purpose of the main parts of the lubrication

system
Explain the operation of the lubrication system
Heat transfer through the mediums solid, liquid, and gas.

Understanding of frictional force.

Teaching Points:
Lubrication system function.

A lubrication system must to carry out the duty of operating temperature

between 82C - 96C. Since heated metal parts of the engine expands,
maintaining correct temperature ensures correct clearances, proper

combustion, minimum emissions and better performance. To quickly reach

operating temperature is also a priority of the cooling system.

Major components of the cooling system

Radiator
Radiator cap
Radiator fan
Radiator top and bottom hose
Thermostat
Water pump
Bypass pipe
Bypass hose
Thermostat switch (fan)
Temperature sensor
Temperature switch (gauge)
Heater core
Heater core hoses
Coolant recovery reservoir
Overflow hose
Water Impeller Pump

Coolant is thrown outward by centrifugal force, producing suction in the center of

the pump housing.

Coolant Flow
Coolant flows out of the radiator, through the lower hose, into the engine
It then flows through the pump, around the cylinders, through the heads, up
through the thermostat, and back into the radiator

Radiator hoses

carry coolant between the engine water jackets and the radiator
lower hose is exposed to water pump suction so a spring may prevent
collapse

Heater hoses

carry hot coolant to the heater core

smaller diameter than radiator hoses

Radiator

The radiator absorbs the heat from the coolant, and transfers it to the outside air.

Types of Radiator

Radiator Cap

Radiator Cap Pressure valve

Spring-loaded disk
Normally, water boils at 212 F (100 C)
For each pound of pressure increase, boiling point goes up about 3 F
(1.6 C)
Typical pressure:
1216 psi
raises boiling point to
250260 F (121127 C)
Radiator Cap Vacuum Valve
Opens to allow flow back into the radiator when the coolant temperature
drops

Closed and Open Cooling Systems

Closed cooling system
uses an expansion tank
overflow tube is routed into reservoir tank
Open cooling system
allows excess coolant to leak onto the ground
Pressure Cap Operation
Hot engine

Pressure Cap Operation

Cold engine

Cooling System Fan

Pull air through the core of the radiator
Increase volume of air through the radiator
Driven by fan belt or electric motor

Thermostat
Senses coolant temperature and controls coolant flow through the radiator
Reduces coolant flow on cold engine
Increases coolant flow on hot engine

Thermostat Operation
Cold engine
wax-filled pellet has contracted
spring holds valve closed

 Hot engine
when heated, pellet expands
spring tension is overcome
valve opens

Evaluation: I:
Students will answer the following questions to show their understanding
of the concepts

1. Which of the following is a function of the engine's lubrication system?

A. Holds an adequate supply of oil
B. Removes contaminates from the oil
C. Delivers oil to all necessary areas of the engine
D.
All of the above
2 Technician A says that the 'S' service rating system (SA,SB,SC,etc.) rates oil
. for gasoline engines and refers to the level of additives and other
characteristics of the oil's makeup. Technician B says that an SL rated oil
can be used in place of an SH rated oil. Who is correct?
A.
A only
B.
B only
C.
Both A and B
D.
Neither A nor B

3 Engine oil viscosity ratings are being discussed. Technician A says a low. weight oil works best in high-temperature regions. Technician B says all
multi-viscosity oils are interchangeable. Who is correct?
A.
A only
B.
B only
C.
Both A and B
D.
Neither A nor B
4 Technician A says that engine oil is used to clean, cool, and lubricate the
. engine. Technician B says engine oil helps seal some internal engine parts.
Who is correct?
A.
A only
B.
B only
C.
Both A and B
D.
Neither A nor B
5 Engine oil pressure is being discussed. Technician A says low pressure may
. be caused by worn engine bearings. Technician B says oil viscosity,
temperature, and contamination can affect oil pressure. Who is correct?
A.
A only
B.
B only
C.
Both A and B
D.
Neither A nor B
6 When an engine experiences decreased oil pressure, Technician A says that
. piston slap is a likely initial symptom. Technician B says that valvetrain
noise is common with decreased oil pressure. Who is correct?
A.
A onl;y
B.
B only
C.
Both A and B
D.
Neither A nor B
7. Which of the following would not cause low oil pressure?
A.
Plugged oil pickup screen
B.
Excessive oil dilution
C. Excessive engine valve lifter wear
D. Excessive engine bearing wear
8. Which of the following would be a likely cause excessive oil consumption?
A.
Faulty PCV system
B.
Worn piston rings
C.
Neither A nor B
D.
Both A and B

9 Technician A says high oil pressure wil cause valve cover gasket leaks.
. Technician B says low oil pressure can be caused by a faulty PCV system.
Who is correct?
A.
A only
B.
B only
C.
Both A and B
D.
Neither A nor B
10 Technician A says that extended life coolant is more environmentaly
. friendly. Technician B says two year coolant (green) can be used to top off
all automotive cooling systems. Who is correct?
A.
A only
B.
B only
C.
Both A and B
D.
Neither A nor B
11. In most automotive applications, the water pump is driven by the:
A.
Flywheel
B.
Camshaft
C.
Crankshaft
D.
Impeller
12. Why are modern cooling systems pressurized?
A. To raise coolant's boiling point
B.
To prevent leaks
C. To move the coolant through the system
D. To prevent corrosion in the system

13 What is the most likely symptom of a vehicle with a non-operational

. electric cooling fan?
A. Overheating at highway speeds
B.
Overheating at low speeds
C.
Overheating at all speeds
D. Lack of heat from the heater core
14 The typical recommended mixture of water and antifreeze to form engine
. coolant is:
A.
30/70
B.
50/50
C.
40/60
D.
60/40
15 Most manufacturers recommend that cooling systems with conventional
. (green) antifreeze should be drained, flushed, and filled every:

A.
B.
C.
D.

Six months
Yearly
Two years
Five years

16. When pressure testing a cooling system, the pressure applied should be:
A. Pumped up as high as possible
B. Pumped up to the pressure cap rating
C.
Pumped up to 10 psi
D.
Released quickly
17 Technician a says a leaking head gasket could explain the presence of
. coolant in the eingine's crankcase. Technician B says that coolant that is
a milky brown color has been contaminated with either engine or
automatic transmission oil. Who is correct?
A.
A only
B.
B only
C.
Both A and B
D.
Neither A nor B
18 Technician A says an electric cooling fan may come on without the ignition
. being turned on. Technician B says an electric cooling fan may be
controlled by the engine control computer. Who is correct?
A.
A only
B.
B only
C.
Both A and B
D.
Neither A nor B
19. What is a likely harmful effect of engine overheating?
A. Damage to combustion chamber parts
B.
Damage in the crankcase
C.
Poor gas mileage
D.
High tailpipe emissions
A.
B.
C.
D.

20. What is a likely harmful effect of engine underheating?

High tailpipe emissions
Sludge buildup in the oil
Poor gas mileage
All of the above

Evaluation: II:
Out of a total of four specific objectives, three were satisfied at the end
of the lesson. Over 80% of the students understood the basic variable
and conditions that makes a cooling system function to keep the
engine at optimum temperature.
Most students had a basic working knowledge of a cooling system
before the start of the lesson. The theory of cooling system and
transfer of heat was partially familiar to 99% of the students, and so
was easily grasped due to simple and well-chosen teaching references.
For the next lesson we will continue with the Basic engine operation.
Some seating changes may need to be made as a few boys at the rear
of the classroom are spending most of the time talking during the
lesson.