HUMART: CLASSIFYING ARTWORKS

1. ACCORDING TO MANAOIS :
(Two General Dimensions of
Arts)
a. FINE ARTS/ INDEPENDENT
ARTS made primarily for
aesthetic enjoyment. (music,
painting, sculpture,
architecture, literature, dancing
& drama)
b. PRACTICAL/ USEFUL/
UTILITARIAN ARTS for
practical use (for the common
good of the many) -> (industrial
art, civic art, commercial art,
graphic art, agricultural art,
fishery art)
2. ACCORDING TO JOSEFINA
ESTOLAS : (Arts are grouped
acc. To: )
a. MAJOR ARTS painting,
architecture, sculpture,
literature, music, and dance.
b. MINOR ARTS decorative arts,
popular arts, graphic arts,
plastic arts & industrial arts.
GROUPING THE ARTS (ESTOLAS et
al)
1. VISUAL ARTS
1.1
GRAPHIC ARTS
1.2
PLASTIC ARTS
2. PERFORMING ARTS dance,
music, play & theater
3. LITERARY ARTS dramas,
novels, poetry & short stories.
4. POPULAR ARTS film,
newspaper, magazines, radio,
television
5. GUSTATORY ART OF THE
CUISINE involves skills in
food & beverage preparation.
6. DECORATIVE ARTS visual
objects produced for beautifying
houses, offices, cars and other
structures.

DIFFERENT FORMS OF ART : THE

SCOPE OF HUMANITIES (Sanchez et
al Espina et al)
ON THE BASIS OF MEDIUM - ARTS
CAN BE:
1. VISUAL
2. AUDITORY
3. COMBINED
1. THE VISUAL ARTS
Mediums that can be seen
and occupy space.
Grouped into 2 classes:
1. 2- dimensional arts
painting, drawing,
printmaking, photography
2. 3- dimensional arts
sculpture, architecture,
landscape, community
planning, industrial designs,
crafts like ceramics and
furniture
We perceive with our eyes
Classified into 2 groups:
A. GRAPHIC ARTS covers
any form of visual artistic
representation
- Portrayals of forms &
symbols are recorded in 2-di
surface
- All processes & products of
printing industries
a. PAINTING process of
applying pigment to a
surface effects involving
forms & colors.
b. GRAPHIC PROCESSES
processes for making
multi-reproduction of
graphic works.
- involve the preparation of
a
master image of the

drawing or design on some

durable materials
- classified by the nature
of the surface from w/c
the printing is done:
b1. Relief Printing
b2. Intaglio Printing
b3. Surface Printing

GRAPHIC PROCESSES:
1. RELIEF PRINTING unwanted
portions
of design are cut
away on the master image.
- The printed image is formed by
remaining surfaces. (Linoleum cuts,
woodcuts, wood engravings)
2. INTAGLIO PRINTING a method
of printing from a plate on w/c incised
lines, which carry the ink, leave a
raised impression.
2.1 Dry Point the artist draws
directly on a metal plate
2.2 Etching - drawing/ designs on
metal plates covered with wax.
2.3 Engraving done on a metal
plate w/ a cutting tool called a
barin,which leaves a V-shaped trough;
designs entirely composed of lines and
or dots.
3. SURFACE PRINTING printing is
done from a flat (plane) surface.
3.1 Lithography printing from a
flat stone; based on the repulsion
between grease & water
3.2 Silkscreen silk is stretched
over a rectangular frame & unwanted
portions in the designs are blocked
out.
(Continuation of GRAPHIC ARTS)

c. COMMERCIAL ARTS
includes designing of book,
advertisements, signs, posters,
and other displays to promote
sale or acceptance of product,
service or idea.
d. MECHANICAL PROCESSES
developed by commercial
printers for rapid, large-quantity
reproduction of words & picture
in one or more colors.
e. PHOTOGRAPHY a
chemical-mechanical process by
which images are produced on
sensitized surface by action of
light.
B. PLASTIC ARTS includes
all fields of the visual arts in
w/c materials are organized
into 3-dimensional forms.
a. ARCHITECTURE the
art of designing &
constructing buildings &
other types of structures.
b. LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE
planning outdoor areas
for human use &
enjoyment (gardens, golf
courses, parks,
playgrounds)
c. CITY PLANNING
planning & arranging the
physical aspects of
large/small community.
d. INTERIOR DESIGN
design & arrangement of
architectural interior for
convenience & beauty.
e. SCULPTURE design &
construction of 3-di forms
representing natural
objects or imaginary
shapes.
f. CRAFTS designing/
making an object by hand
for use or for pleasure.

DECORATIVE ARTS a ceramic is

an inorganic, non- metallic solid
prepared by the action of heat and
subsequent cooling. Ceramic
materials may have a crystalline or
partly crystalline structure, or may be
amorphous.
-

Furniture is the mass noun

for the movable objects
(mobile in Latin) intended
to support various human
activities such as seating &
sleeping in beds, to hold
objects etc.
Jewelry making signifies
items of personal
adornment, such as
necklaces, rings, brooches,
earrings and bracelets.
Metal (Metal Crafting)
can be intimidating material
to work withand no one
most crafters will just pick
up and try without
instructions.
Wood working is the
process of building, making
or carving something using
wood. Along with stone,
mud, and animal parts,
wood was certainly one of
the first materials worked by
primitive human beings.
A collage (French word:
coller; to glue) made from
an assemblage of different
forms, thus creating a new
whole. May include
newspaper clippings,
ribbons, bits of colored or
hand-made papers, portions
of other artwork,
photographs, a piece of
moss or even a dead mole
and other found objects,
glued to a piece of paper or
canvas.

2. AUDITORY ARTS
Mediums can be heard and are
expressed in time ( music &
literature)
A. LITERATURE The art of
combining spoken or written words
and their meanings into forms w/c
have artistic & emotional appeal.
a. DRAMA a presentation
made up of words, sounds, &
actions of characters.
b. ESSAY non-fiction,
expository writing ranging
from informal, personal
topics to closely reasoned
critical treatments of
important subjects.
c. PROSE FICTION
narratives created by the
author, as distinguished from
true accounts.
d. POETRY literature of a
highly expressive nature
using special forms & choice
of words and emotional
images Narrative poetry
includes epics, romances &
ballads Lyric forms
include the sonnet, ode,
elegy, song.
e. MISCELLANEOUS history,
biography, letters, journals,
diaries & other works not
formally classed as
literature.
B. MUSIC art of arranging sounds in
rhythmic succession & generally in
combination (both a creative & a
performing art)
- common forms are song, march,
sonata, suite, fantasy, concerto, and
symphony)
- Musical compositions fall into 3
groups:

 VOCAL MUSIC
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
MUSIC COMBINED W/ OTHER
ARTS
a. VOCAL MUSIC composed
primarily to be sung. The voice are
generally accompanied by one or
more instruments.

CLASSIFICATION OF VOCAL
MUSIC:
LONG VOCAL FORMS
1. Opera
2. Cantata
3. Oratorio
4. Moro-moro
5. Zarzuela
SHORT VOCAL FORMS
1. Folk songs.
2. Art songs
3. Kundiman
4. Anthem
5. Ballad

b. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC written

for instruments of four general types:
Keyboard (piano, organ); stringed
(violin, cello, guitar); wind (flute,
clarinet); brass winds (trumpet,
saxophone); percussion (drums,
xylophone)

3. COMBINED ARTS mediums can

be both seen & heard and exist in both
space and time. (Dance, opera,
drama, and the movies) along w/
the music, these are a.k.a the
performing arts.
(MUSIC COMBINED W/ OTHER ARTS)
a. OPERA drama set to music;
entirely sung w/ orchestral
accompaniment; staged w/
accomplished singers, elaborate
scenery & costumes.
b. OPERETTA & MUSICAL
COMEDY also a drama set to

music but is light, popular,

romantic & often humorous or
comic.
c. ORATORIO AND CANTATA
sacred musical drama in
musical form; oratories are
usually based on Biblical
themes.
(OTHER FORMS OF ARTS)
Ballet music & background
music for motion pictures.
A. DRAMA AND THEATER story
recreated by actors on a stage in front
of an audience.
- Common types:

Tragedy
Melodrama
Comedy
Miscellaneous

1. TRAGEDY one of literatures

greatest dramatic art form. Its a
drama of a serious nature in w/c
central character comes to some
sad/disastrous end. (Portray
suffering)
2. MELODRAMA emphasis on the
action rather than the character. The
action is sensational or romantic
usually has a happy ending.
3. COMEDY with happy endings.
3.1 Romantic Comedy a light,
amusing tale of lovers in some
dilemma w/c is finally solved happily.
3.2 Farce a light, humorous play;
emphasis on jokes, humorous physical
action, ludicrous situations and
improbable characters.
3.3 Comedy of Manners drawing
room comedy, sophisticated,
sometimes satirical; characters are

usually high-society types & situations

have little to do w/ real life; emphasis
on witty dialogue.
4. MISCELLANEOUS
a. TRAGICOMEDY drama
blending tragic &comic
elements; w/ happy ending.
b. MIRACLE & MYSTERY PLAYS
dramatize stories from the
Bible and of the lives of saints.
c. MORALITY PLAYS
characters represent specific
vices & virtues.
d. CLOSET DRAMA plays
written for reading rather than
for staging.
e. PIANO DRAMA based on
piano works w/c revolve
around the musical pieces
composed under the
inspiration of a literary work.
Film encompasses individual
motion pictures, the field of film
as an art form, and the motion
picture industry. Films are
produced by recording
photographic images w/ cameras,
or by creating images using
animation techniques/visual
effects.

Solo or concerted dances w/

mimetic actions
accomplished with music.
- Generally built around a
theme or story.
4. MODERN Contemporary or
interpretative dances.
- Represent rebellion against
the classical formalism of
ballet.
- Emphasize communication
of moods & themes.
5. MUSICAL COMEDY Dances
performed buy soloist, groups &
choruses in theaters, night
clubs, motion pictures & TV.
- Combines various forms of
ballet, modern, tap &
acrobats.
THE PROCESS OF CREATION (ART
WORK):
3 MAJOR PHASES:
1. The artist must have an idea.
2. He must have a materials to
work with.
3. He must give form to his idea.

HUMANITIES involves the

movement of the body & the feet
in rhythm.
Important types:
1. ETHNOLOGIC folk dancing
associated w/ national and
cultural groups.
2. SOCIAL/ BALLROOM DANCES
popular forms of dancing
generally performed by pairs.
(waltz, fox, trot, rhumba, tango)
3. THE BALLET formalized type
of dance w/c originated in the
royal courts of the middle ages.

SOME GUIDELINES IN
UNDERSTANDING A WORK OF ART:

1. What did the artist make? What

is it about? (subject)
2. What did the artist want to
show in his work? What is the
artwork for? (function of the art)
3. What is the artwork made of?
(materials or medium used)
4. How is the material put together
or organized? (materials or
medium used)
5. What is the personality or the
individuality of the art work?
(style and mood or temper of
the art work)
6. How good is it? (judgment)
7. Whats the meaning conveyed
by the art? How does it make
life more meaningful?

DEL PILAR, MICO A.

BSACT 3A