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    CFD in Wind Analysis on Tall Buildings

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    17 views10 pages

    CFD in Wind Analysis On Tall Buildings

    Uploaded by

    Khaja Mohiddin
    CFD in Wind Analysis on Tall Buildings

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    APPLICATION OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CED) IN WIND ANALYSIS OF TALL BUILDINGS | Damith Mohéti, Privan Mops, Tuan Ngo, / —K ap Department of Infrastructures Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australi Abstract Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has wide range of applications in modern egineering community. Use of CFD in wind engineering has significantly increased over-the-tast-f However, very limited work has been done on the application of CFD in simulating the wind behaviour around tall structures. With the development of high speed supercomputers, the possibility of performing such analysis within reasonable time period has become a reality. This paper presents an outline of such study performed using an advanced finite element (FE) code. An. isolated rectangular building model has been considered as the based model in the analysis. A constant velocity profile has been used with k-s turbulent model. An atmospheric boundary layer based wind profile has been adopted using a user defined function in the simulations. The effect of neighbouring buildings onto the nearby tall building has also been discussed. Wind pressure development, velocity profile in the close vicinity of the building was studied and presented, Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics, wind loading, tall buildings. 1.0 Introduction ‘There is a high demand for tall buildings in the central business districts (CBD’s) of major cities all over the world. With the recent trend of building structures over 500m with different complex geometries, it has created a great challenge for practicing engineers to design such flexible structures to withstand wind and other similar lateral loadings. As the geometry of a typical floor depends on many different constraints such as land area and optimum viewing angle for occupants, most of these structures have considerably high aspect ratios. The major concerns in designing of tall buildings are not limited to the resistance of the structural system to the lateral loads, but also the comfort of the building’s occupants in relation to the wind-induced motion of the buildings. ‘The current practice wind codes and standards are limited to the prediction of wind induced responses of tall buildings with square or rectangular cross sections and aspect of not more than 6. Australian standard AS/NZS-1170.2 (Standards Australia, 2011) can be considered as one of the frequently used standards for such analysis all over the world, However, the standard clearly ‘emphasises that the values given in the code are only applicable for structures below 200 m height. In addition, for free standing tall buildings the first-mode fundamental frequency shall be larger than 0.2 Hz, Therefore, tall buildings outside these limits, the AS-1 17-2 Was Fecomiet TSE wind “Taiiiet fests as a supplementary technique in order to estimate the wind loads. However, performing, ‘wind tunnel tests require considerable resources and it is a time consuming and expensive effort. Therefore, it is worthwhile to look into alternative solutions to replace such experimental procedures. With the advancement of computer capabilities, it is now possible to simulate considerable complex ‘numerical simulations within a feasible time period. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is getting popular among wind engineering research community due to its capability of modeling wind flow in ifferent domains. Computational fluid dynamics, usually abbreviated as CFD, is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the calculations required to simulate the interaction of liquids and gases with surfaces defined by boundary conditions. With high-speed supercomputers, better solutions can be achieved within a reasonable time period. Ongoing research yields software that improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows. CFD has been used effectively in modeling aerodynamics effect on automotives. Therefore, it has shown a considerable accuracy in simulating atmospheric boundary layer effect. This highlights the possibility of using a similar approach to simulate the wind behaviour around the buildings (Blocken et al., 2012; Hang et al, 2012), ‘The fundamental basis of almost all CFD problems are the Navier-Stokes equations, which define any single-phase (gas or liquid, but not both) fluid flow. Unlike flow around streamed line object, analysis of flow around sharp edged bluff-body involves many difficulties as pointed out by previous researchers, Accurate representation of flow separation, turbulent formation are vital for achieving better representation of actual scenario of virtual wind models. In this study advanced Finite element code, ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 (ANSYS Inc, 2012) has been used as the solver. Six different turbulence models are available in FLUENT which ate incorporated with equations to solve the transported variable, turbulent viscosity, turbulent production and turbulent destruction terms. LES (large Eddy simulation) and K- ¢ models are the most commonly used turbulent models to represent the wind flow around building domains, There are considerable advantages and disadvantages of these models in terms of using in wind simulations. This paper only presents the results obtained using K- ¢ model even though the LES model (Zhang, 1994; Franke et al., 2004; Blocken et al., 2007; Blocken et al., 2007; Parente et al. 2011; Lou et al., 2012) studies are continuing in the current research study. This paper presents the preliminary work of an ongoing research project to simulate the wind pressure acting on tall buildings, in three main sections. Section I gives a brief introduction on CFD applications in wind engineering. Section 2 of this paper presents the details of the numerical model this study with a brief introduction to numerical simulation process. Section 3 of this paper discusses some of the findings of this study. A general summary and future plan of the current study are given under the conclusions. 2.0 Numerical Modeling / \ A fill scale geometrical model has been used in this study. The building has a rectangular prismatic SN shape with dimensions 100 m (x) by 150 m (y) by 600 m (z) height representing a true scale building pressure on the building with the application of atmospheric boundary layer wind profile. According to the results obtained from the analysis shows that the building front face has a maximum pressure coefficient of 1.26 while downwind face has a pressure coefficient of -0.95. These results are in agreement with the experimental results published by Dagnew et al. (2009). Ls . i s 0s _Cp (presure coefficients) Position along the symmetrical plane-case 1 Figure 4 Pressure coefficients along the symmetrical plane (A-B) wa ‘the correct pressure development on the building surface is very important in the designing of tall structures to predict the behaviour of the structures correctly. This will help the designers to accurately predict the acceleration of the building which is one of the key elements in the designing of such structures, The user defined velocity (UDF) profile was used in the analysis (case 2-6) to represent| the atmospheric boundary layer wind profile. The velocity vectors formation in the wl plane of the domain is presented in Figure 5(a), Figure 5 (b) further elaborates the ntours developed in two directional symmetrical planes. oe “Eraeroo: Velocity builds up according 42iper00) DEH model a Z Symmetrical plane 2efeeoot 23} ‘rev00: *42sev00t 474301000 Figure 5 Velocity distribution incorporating the D&H model(a) velocity vector formation (b) velocity comtours (Case 2) Figure 6 Velocity stream lines at two different levels of the buildings (a) 2=150 m (b) 2=480m (Case 2) Figure 6 shows the wake region formation at two different elevations of the buildings. As the velocity of the incoming wind is different at those two planes, the development of flows separation and the outgoing velocity are considerably different. In addition, the results obtained from Case 2 analysis show a considerable difference with the results obtained from the uniform wind velocity. ‘The pressure distributions obtained from the simulations are presented in Figure 7 and 8. The horseshoe vortex shape contours generation on the front wall agree with the results presented by Dagnew et al.(2009) and Huang et al.(2012). The distribution of pressure iso-surfaces shows a considerable disagreement with the code adopted procedure for the pressure distribution of tall buildings. The pressure values increase with the increasing height. However, results show that by utilising the distribution given in CFD analysis, the design values can be optimised by considering high and low pressure zones in the buildings. f@) (b) © Figure 8 Pressure induced on the building surface (case 1) (a) 3D pressure contour map (b) windward face (b) leeward face ‘The wind flow pattem of two close buildings with same size was studies in Cases 3 and 5. Shielding effect to a particular building from another can be positively used to reduce the vulnerability to wind induced loadings. The model was able to capture the low pressure zone generated due to the shielding effect from the neighbouring building and the turbulence created in between the buildings. This turbulent wind zone can affect the comfort of the pedestrians walking in the close vicinity. Therefore it is important to have some sort of vegetation or landscape those areas to improve the comfort of the pedestrians. The results for Case 5 given in Table 1 are presented in Figure 9. heey 7 ‘aan 30 flow domain ® a no (b) ©. Figure 9 (a) 3D representation of stream line distribution of two adjacent buildings with same size (b) at z=150 m (c) along the symmetrical plane (case 3) an Figure 10 Influence of adjacent building to the pressure distribution (case 3) As shown in Figure 9, the presence of nearby building has a considerable influence on the aerodynamic response of the neighbouring buildings. Wind flow around different buildings located in

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