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Automaticfiresprinklersystemsexplained

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Automaticfiresprinklersystemsexplained

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writtenby:Raunekkeditedby:LamarStonecypherupdated:8/31/2009
Nowadays,alltheshipsareprovidedwithafixedautomaticsprinklersysteminallthesensitiveareastopreventthe
spreadingoffireincaseofanemergency.

Introduction
Itisimportantthatanemergencysituationinvolvingfiregetstherightkindofreliefattherighttime.Inmostofthe
cases,theemergencyresponseisdelayedeitherduetounavailabilityofaproperplanoraccessibilityproblems.
Keepingtheseissuesinmind,anautomaticfireextinguishingsystemisprovidedinallthesensitiveareasofaship.
Thisselfactivatingautomaticfiresprinklersystempreventsthespreadingoffireandhelpsinmaintainingthe
situationundercontrol.
Thesprinklersystemconsistofanetworkofsprinklerheadslocatedatdedicatedareas,whichneedsextra
protection.Thesystemisgenerallyfixedinaccommodationareaandmachineryspaces.Thesprinklerheadsinboth
theseplacesarenotthesame,buthavecertainvariationsintheequipmentsusedandthemethodofoperation.The
sprinklerheadisthemostimportantpartofthewholeemergencysystem.

ConstructionandWorkingofSprinklerHead
Thesprinklerheads,especiallyintheaccommodationareascandoboththethingsdetectandextinguishfire.The
sprinklerheadiscoveredbysemicircularquartzoidbulb,whichcontainsanexpandableliquid.Adeflectorplateis
attachedattheendofthebulb,whichhelpsinsprayingthewateroveralargearea.Incaseofafire,theheatcauses
theliquidinsidethebulbtoexpand,whichshattersthebulb,allowingthewatertoflowfromthesprinklerhead.
Thewaterissuppliedtoallthesprinklerheadsbymeansofatankpressurizedwithcompressedair.Thewaterinthe
pipesiskeptataconstantpressure.Assoonasthesprinklerstartoperatingthepressureinthepipelinesfalls,asalt
waterpumpcutsinautomaticallytoprovideacontinuoussupplyofwater.Thesprinklerheadsareinitiallyprovided
withfreshwaterinordertopreventcorrosionofthepipelineandthesystem.

Arrangement
Notallthesprinklerheadsaresuppliedwaterbyonesinglepump.Thecompleteinstallationisdividedintosections
consistingof150to200sprinklerheadseach,havingtheirowndedicatedpumps.Allthesectionshavealarm
valves,whichprovidesbothaudibleandvisualsignalwhenwaterwaterflowsthroughthem.Thishelpsinidentifying
whichsectionoftheshipisunderfire.Anautomationsystemkeepsatrackofallthesectionsandislocatedinthe
maincontrolroom.
Thesprinklerheadsprovidedintheengineroomareknownas"sprayers"andtheydon'thaveaquartzoidbulbin
theirdesign.Thereisadifferentdetectionsystemwhichdetectsthefireandactivatesthesprinklersystem.The
sprinklersystemisgenerallyoperatedmanually.
Thesprinklersystemshouldbeperiodicallyinspectedbycreatingmocksituations.Also,thechestvalvealongwith
theaudibleandvisualalarmsshouldalsobecheckedforanymalfunctioning.
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Automaticfiresprinklersystemsexplained

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Introduction
Bromann,M.(2001)TheDesignandLayoutofFireSprinklerSystems2nded.Oxfordshire:CRCPublications

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